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Passage 1Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Directions:In this passage,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passagequickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,markY（for YES）if the statement agrees with the information givenin the passage;N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given inthe passage;NG（for NOT GIVEN）if the information is not given in the passage.Forquestions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to Buy a Used CarNearly everybody buys a used car sooner or later,as a primary vehicle（首要的交通工具）oras a second car.Indeed（当然），three out of four sales today are used cars,and theyYe not cheapjunkers（废物）either-the average price now is$5500,about half what a new car costs.Make thewrong selection and a major investment（投资）can be lost the moment you drive off the lot.There is far less chance of this happening to you if you know:when to buy,where to buy,how to examine（仔细检查）the car,how to conduct（进行）your own road test,and how tobargain over（讲价）the price.When to buyShop during the day.Lighting makes cars gleam（V 闪光）like jewels（宝石）at night.Indaylight they look dull（黯淡的）,but realistic.Dont shop in the rain.It can mask（掩盖）liquids（液体）that might be leaking（泄漏）.Ifpossible,shop in the winter when supplies are high and demand（需求）is low.Where to buyShop the suburbs.In more affluent（富有的）neighbourhoods cars are more likely to havebeen well cared for.A private owner normally sells a car for less than a dealer（商人）does,but almost always Hasis,with no guarantee（质量保证）.That*s an acceptable risk if what youre looking for is a cheapsecond car to drive to the station.nEven though a used-car dealer generally charges more,you can often get some type oflimited guarantee.This is often a 50-50 plan,in which you each pay half on repairs for a period（段时间）that may range from 30 days to a year.Ask the dealer about the availability of anoptional（可选择的）service policy.Used-car dealers often claim（声称）to have gone over（仔细查看）the car,and many have.But remember that small dealers often buy cars that are auctioned（拍 卖）because nobody elsewants them.Some experts feel that a new-car dealer is the best place to buy a secondhand car,especiallyif youre laying out a large sum（一笔金钱）for a late model.Some of these dealers offer extensive（广阔的）guarantees,such as one on the“drive train,which covers any problems with engine（发动机），transmission（变速器）,drive shaft and differential（差 速 器）.Expect to pay for this,aswell as for the markup（标高的价格）.But if you shop soon after the new models have arrived,when a dealer has a lot of trade-ins tying up his profits,he might deal.The visual examination（视觉上的检查）Youve found your dream car,and can hardly wait to get in and roar away.Wait.First,look for any flaws（瑕疵）or ripples（划痕）in the body that might indicate a pastaccident（暗示曾经出过事故）.To see if a car has been repainted（重新漆过），look under therubber seals around the door or under the chrome trim.Repainting may mask deep flaws（重新 二漆可能隐藏深层的瑕疵）.Check the odometer（计程器）for total mileage（英里数），and then compare that figure（数字）with any stickers still attached to door posts.Its illegal to change odometer readings,but ithappens.If there are no stickers,be a little suspicious.Check pedals and controls:wear on theseparts should agree with the mileage.If they are brand new,be suspicious.If they are worn out,beware.Check that the doors,hood and trunk all open smoothly and close with solid sound.Sightalong the sides of the car from 30 feet away to be sure that the rear and front wheels line up.Look under the car for fluid leaks.Except for condensation from a working air conditioner ona hot day,no car should ever drip anything,any time.Now sit in the drivers seat and try the controls.The car should fit youit should becomfortable.Check seat adjustment,door locks,window-raising mechanisms,horn,lights,directional signals,radio-all accessories.Start the engine.It should turn over quickly and then settle down to a rather fast idle.Givethe engine a moment or two before you press the accelerator a bit.Watch for smoke from the rear.Blue smoke might mean a complete engine overhaul（大修）,black a maladjusted carburettor（化油器）.2 White smoke can be.ignored if the engine is cold,but once it is warmed up,white smoke canmean a leaking head gasket（垫圈）:expensive.Reject this car.After the engine has warmed,shut it off,and then go wipe your finger inside the tailpipe（making sure it*s not too hot）.The residue should be whitish-gay.If you get a black,oily mark,refuse the car-its probably an oil burner.Restart the engine and check the oil in an automatic transmission.It should be clean and clear,with no burned odor.The test driveThe salesman may try to convince you that a short drive around the block is enough.Wrong.Make it clear that you plan to road test the car,and if he isnt happy with this look elsewhere.The test route you have mapped out should include dry city streets,a freeway,a hill,a bumpyroad and an empty parking lot.All gauges（计量器）should read steady and normal throughout thetest,especially oil pressure and engine heat.If not,dont buy the car.Drive to a traffic-free city street on your predetermined route and then accelerate smoothly toabout 35 miles per hour.The automatic transmission should shift without jerking and with nonoise.Slow to about 7 m.p.h.by gently applying the brakes.There should be no noise,no sharpsound or grinding.The car should slow in a straight line,with no pulling to the right or left.Pick up speed to about 15;then making certain nobody is behind you,hit the brakes hard!The car should come to an immediate stop without making noise or swerving.In an empty,level parking lot,brake to a complete stop.Shift into reverse and back up atabout 4 m.p.h.,brake to a halt,shift into forward,etc.Do this four or five times to test thetransmission.All shifting should be smooth,with no noise or hesitation.Accelerate up a hill to about 40 m.p.h.The car should not labour.If it does,you could havea rotten transmission.Go back down the hill.Stop halfway,shift into neutral and set the parkingbrake.The car should remain stationary when you take your foot off the brake pedal.Drive the car over the bumpy road,up a hill,and on the highway.Rarely will a car be perfect.However by now you should have a pretty good idea what needs to be done.How to bargainUse what youve learned from the visual exam,test drive and outside mechanic to get theprice down.Have a maximum figure in mind,based on your inspection and on current prices froma used-car guide.Start your bidding lower than that.When you have nearly arrived at a price,getthe seller to throw in certain repairs.It may be cheaper for him than further price cuts.1.Following the instructions here will help you make a good selection when buying a usedcar.2.Winter is a good time for purchasing a car because there is little rain in winter.3.You are more likely to pay less to a private owner for a car of poor quality.4.Refuse the car if you find any signs of a past accident in the visual examination.5.Dont buy the car if there is white smoke coming out of the rear because it is probably anoil burner.6.At certain speeds in the tests,a good car should not make any noise when the driver brakeseither hard or gently.7.If you are patient and careful enough,you will certainly find a perfect used car.8.The last step before you make a decision to buy a car is.9.Besides all gauges,the two very important systems mainly examined in the test driveare.10.According to some experts,the best place to buy a second-hand car is.Unit oneI.Y2.N3.Y4.NG5.N6.Y7,N8.to bargain over the price 9.brake and transmission 10.a new-car dealerPassage 2 Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Directions:In this passage there are ten blanks.You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Youmay not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.Looking back on years of living in a working-class home in the North of England,I shouldsay that a good living room must 11 three principal things:homeliness,warmth and plenty of goodfood.The living-room is the warm heart of the family and 12 often slightly stuffy to amiddle-class visitor.It is not a social centre but a family center;little entertaining goes on there orin the front room,if there 13 to be one;you do not entertain in anything approaching themiddle-class 14 The wifes social life outside her 15 family is found over the washing-line,at thelittle shop on the corner,visiting relatives at a moderate 16 occasionally,and perhaps now andagain a visit with her husband to his pub or club.Apart from these two places,he has just his workand his football matches.They will have,each of them,friends at all these places,who may wellnot know what the inside of their house is like,having never stepped across the threshold,as theold 17 phrase has it.The family hearth is 18 for the family itself,and those who are something tous(another favorite formula)and who look in for a talk or just to sit.Much of the free time of aman and his wife will 19 be passed at that hearth.Just staying in is still one of the most commonleisure-time 20A.happens B.professions C.sense D.neverthelessE.fashioned F.distance G immediate H.usuallyI.occupations J.preserved K.imitate L.provideM.therefore N reserved 0.contributePassage 3Directions;The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A,B,C,D.You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals mayplay a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places,some of the countrys most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and tosoften the hard edges of modem buildings.Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals inBritain,almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors,waitingareas and treatment rooms.These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist,Peter Senior,who set up his studio at aManchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s.He felt the artist had lost hisplace in modern society,and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week.What betterplace to hold regular exhibitions of art?Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in theout-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975.Believed to be Britains firsthospital artist,Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young artschool graduates.The effect is striking.Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a fullview of fresh colors,playful images and restful courtyards.The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient isrecovering from an illness.A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden neededhalf the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only abrick wall to look at.21.According to the passage,Mto soften the hard edges of modern buildings1 meansA.to pull down hospital buildingsB.to decorate hospitals with art collectionsC.to improve the quality of treatment in hospitalsD.to make the corners of hospital buildings round22.What can we say of Peter Senior?A.He is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals.B.He is a doctor interested in painting.C.He is an artist who has a large collection of paintings.D.He is a faithful follower of hospital art.23.According to Peter S e n i o r,.A.art is losing its audience in modem societyB.art galleries should be changed into hospitalsC.patients should be encouraged to learn paintingD.art should be encouraged in British hospitals24.After the improvement of the hospital e n v i r o n m e n t,.A.patients no longer need drugs in their recoveryB.patients are no longer wholly dependent on expensive drugsC.patients need good-quality drugs in their recoveryD.patients use fewer pain killers in their recovery25.The fact that six young art school graduates joined Peter shows t hat.A.Peters enterprise is developing greatlyB.Peter Senior enjoys great popularityC.they are talented hospital artistsD.the role of hospital environment is being recognizedPassage 4Directions:The passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A,B,C,D.You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Polyester（聚 酯）is now being used for bottles.ICI,the chemicals and plastics company,believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass onthe bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional productshave been doing badly world-wide for the last few years.Between 1982 and 1984 the PlasticsDivision of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars,and they felt that the.most hopefulnew market was in packaging,bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing Melinar,the raw material fromwhich high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s,when soft drinks companies like Coca Colastarted selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers.Because of the build-up of the pressure ofgas in these large containers,glass was unsuitable.Nor was PVC,the plastic which had been usedfor bottles since the 1960s,suitable for drinks with gas in them.A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles,and will continue to be so unless oil and plasticbecome much cheaper,but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable.The manufacturers claim they are also lighter,lessnoisy when being handled,and can be reused.Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikelyto object to a change from glass to polyester,since these bottles mean few breakages,which arecostly and time-consuming.The public,though,have been more difficult to persuade.Idscommercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes,to try and makethem visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food.The problemhere is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.26.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bot t l es.A.since 1982B.since the 1970s but only for large bottlesC.since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in themD.since companies like Coca Cola first tried them27.Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?A.The other things they make are not selling well.B.Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.C.They have factories which could be adapted to make it.D.The price of oil keeps changing.28.Why arent all bottles now made of polyester?A.The price of oil and plastic has risen.B.It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C.The public like traditional glass bottles.D.Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.29.Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because theyA.are cheaper B.are more suited to small sizesC.are more exciting to look at D.do not break easily30.Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans.A.have been used for many yearsB.are an idea that interests the plastics companiesC.are possible,but only for hot foodD.are the first things being made in the new factories11.L12.M 13.A 14.C 15.G 16.F 17.E 18.N 19.H 20.121.B 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.C27.A28.C29.D30.BPassage 1World*s Nonsmokers Take up Fight for Cleaner AirIn country after country,talk of nonsmokers rights is in the air.This fresh voice is heard fromAustralia to Sweden.Its force is freeing clean air for nonsmokersand tightening the situation forsmokers.In west Germany,for instance,taxi driversknown for their independencepost signssaying Nicht Raucher(nonsmoker)and may refuse passengers who insist on smoking.Bans inPoland prevent smoking in factories,offices,snack bars,and other public places.AndVenezuelans can be fined$230 to$1,000 for smoking in supermarkets,buses,and numerousother places.Many countries also are moving in step to limit tobacco promotion(despite a 7percent jump in world tobacco production last year)and eliminate the nfalse claims of theglorification(美化)of smoking as a habit.says Jean de Moerloose of the United Nations WorldHealth Organization.While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet,some 30 nations haveintroduced legislative steps to control smoking abuse.Many laws have been introduced in othercountries to help clear the air for nonsmokers,or to cut cigarette consumption.In many developing nations,however,cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economicprogressand is even encouraged.While it appears that in developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has becomestabilized,there are some indications that it is still rising at a steady pace in Latin America,n saysDr.Daniel J.Joly,an adviser to the Pan American Health Organization.Despite progress in segregating(隔离)nonsmokers and smokers,most countries see littlechange in the number of smokers.In fact,there is a jump in the number of girls and young womenstarting to smoke.As more tobacco companies go international,new markets are sought to gain new smokers indeveloping countries.For example,great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sellcigarettes in the Middle East and North Africawhere U.S.tobacco exports increased by morethan 27 percent last year,according the U.S.Foreign Agriculture Service.So far,any cooperationbetween tobacco interests and governments*campaigns against smoking has been in the area oftobacco advertising.Restrictions on cigarette ads,plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smokingin certain places,are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or incurbing（限缶I）smoking.But world attention also is focusing on other steps which will:make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit bypublicizing public awareness of the decline of social acceptability of smoking.（This method is receiving strong support in the U.S.and other countries.）一prevent pro-smoking scenes on television and films.一remove cigarette vending machines.一provide support for those who want to kick the habit of smoking.make it illegal to sell or hand over tobacco products to minors and prohibit smoking inmeeting places for young people.boost cigarette prices with higher tobacco taxesand use the money for antismokingcampaigns.At a June UN conference on smoking,a goal set by Sir George E.Godber,chairman of theexpert committee on smoking and health for the World Health Organization,stated:We may nothave eliminated cigarette smoking completely by the end of this century,but we ought to havereached a position where relatively few addicts still use cigarettes,but only in private at most inthe company of consenting adults.H NATIONS ATTEMPT SOLUTIONSHere are brief sketches of major or unique attempts around the world to insure nonsmokersright to smoke-free air and to help smokers quit.SWEDENAn ambitious,concerted plan to raise a nation of nonsmokers is being implemented by theSwedish National Board of Health and Welfare.Swedish children born after 1975 will grow up in environments that will be nonsmoking andantismoking as much
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