中考英语突破复习（第一部分 语法专项）十二 句子的种类（复合句）课件

复合句包括并列复合句和主从复合句。其中主从复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 考点一 宾语从句 宾语从句在主从复合句中，在动词、介词、形容词后面充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。(1)构成：主句引导词陈述句语序(主谓语序)引导词：that(无意义，可省略)； what, when, where, which, who, why, how等特殊疑问词； 连词whether, if(是否)。 (2)宾语从句的语序必须用陈述句语序。(3)主句与宾语从句的时态规则：主句是一般现在时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。主句是过去时，从句必须用过去时的某一种。从句如果表示客观真理、客观事实时，不管什么时候都用一般现在时。例如：We all want to know if she will take part in the games.I didnt know when he would come back the next day.The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.宾语从句 (4)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为“疑问词不定式”结构。例如：I dont know what I should do next.I dont know what to do next.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo？Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?宾语从句 (5)宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等，而从句的意思是否定的，这时主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句用肯定式。例如：I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。I dont believe she can finish the work on time, can she? 我认为她不能按时完成工作，能吗？宾语从句 互动一例题一例题二BA()1.Can you tell me _ to London? Sure. Next month. Awhen you will travel Bwhen will you travel Cwhen you travelled Dwhen did you travel ()2.Id like to know _ Maybe in the forest. Awhether we will go camping Bwhere we will go camping Cwhether will we go camping Dwhere will we go camping 考点二 状语从句 在复合句中，作状语成分的从句叫状语从句。常见的状语从句可分为：时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句。(见连词用法)(1)主语从句中，主从句的时态要一致。状语从句 状语从句 (2)主将从现类在as soon as, when(当时候), before, after, if(如果), unless(除非), until, even if 等引导的主从复合句中，当主句是一般将来时态的时候(也可以是情态动词或祈使句)，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。例如：I will tell you(主句) when Tom comes back.(从句)If you dont get up early(从句), you wont catch the early bus.(主句)Unless you get up early(从句), you wont catch the early bus.(主句) 注意： when 意思为“当时候”时，引导的是状语从句，考虑主将从现； when 意思为“什么时候”时，引导的是宾语从句。if 意思为“如果”时，引导的是状语从句，考虑主将从现； if 意思为“是否”时，引导的是宾语从句。状语从句 例如：Do you know if he will go for a trip with us? 你知道他是否会跟我们去旅游吗？He will go with us if he finishes his work.如果他完成了工作，他会跟我们去。Do you know when he will come to Guangzhou? 你知道他什么时候来广州吗？I will tell you when he comes.他来时，我会告诉你。状语从句 互动一例题一例题二DA()1.Why not look up the new word in a dictionary _ you dont know it? Aif Bthat Cthough Dwhether ()2.My parents are always worried about what will happen if I _ Asucceeded Bwont succeed Cwill fail Dfail 考点三 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子，叫作定语从句。(1)构成：先行词引导词定语从句先行词是人时：作宾语或主语时，引导词为who, whom, that; 作定语时用whose。先行词是物时，引导词为which, that。定语从句 先行词是时间时：作状语，则引导词为when; 作宾语或主语，则引导词为which/that。先行词是地点时：作状语，则引导词为where; 作宾语或主语，则引导词为which/that。定语从句 先行词是reason时，引导词为why。例如：Do you know the girl who/that wears a red hat?Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor?The man who/whom/that your father is talking to is your uncle.定语从句 比较：This is the school where I studied three years ago.(作地点状语)This is the school that/which I visited yesterday.(作宾语)I never forget the days when I studied in Beijing.(作时间状语)I never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing.(作宾语)定语从句 (2)特殊情况：当先行词被最高级和序数词修饰时， 引导词只能用that。当先行词有some, any, all, little, much, few, none, something, everything, nothing, anything等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。定语从句 当先行词前有the one, the only, the last, the very 等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。当先行词同时指人和物时，引导词只能用that。当those作先行词指人时，引导词只能用who。定语从句 互动一例题一例题二A()1.The red skirt _ my mother bought for me is made of cotton. AthatBwhen Cwho Dwhose()2.What do you think of lemon? Terrible. I like fruit _ tastes sweet. Awho Bwhat Cwhich DwhenC