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英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. A) The man might be able to play in the World Cup.B) The mans football career seems to be at an end.C) The man was operated on a few weeks ago.D) The man is a fan of world-famous football players.2. A) Work out a plan to tighten his budget. B) Find out the opening hours of the cafeteria. C) Apply for a senior position in the restaurant. D) Solve his problem by doing a part-time job.3. A) A financial burden. B) A good companion.C) A real nuisance. D) A well-trained pet.4. A) The errors will be corrected soon. B) The woman was mistaken herself. C) The computing system is too complex. D) He has called the woman several times.5. A) He needs help to retrieve his files. B) He has to type his paper once more. C) He needs some time to polish his paper.D) He will be away for a two-week conference.6. A) They might have to change their plan. B) He has got everything set for their trip. C) He has a heavier workload than the woman. D) They could stay in the mountains until June 8.7. A) They have to wait a month to apply for a student loan.B) They can find the application forms in the brochure.C) They are not eligible for a student loan.D) They are not late for a loan application.8. A) New laws are yet to be made to reduce pollutant release.B) Pollution has attracted little attention from the public.C) The quality of air will surely change for the better.D) Itll take years to bring air pollution under control. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Enormous size of its stores. B) Numerous varieties of food. C) Its appealing surroundings. D) Its rich and colorful history.10. A) An ancient building. B) A world of antiques. C) An Egyptian museum. D) An Egyptian memorial.11. A) Its power bill reaches f 9 million a year. B) It sells thousands of light bulbs a day. C) It supplies power to a nearby town.D) It generates 70% of the electricity it uses.12. A) 11,500. B) 30,000. C) 250,000. D) 300,000. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Transferring to another department. B) Studying accounting at a university. C) Thinking about doing a different job. D) Making preparations for her wedding.14. A) She has finally got a promotion and a pay raise.B) She has got a satisfactory job in another company.C) She could at last leave the accounting department.D) She managed to keep her position in the company.15. A) He and Andrea have proved to be a perfect match.B) He changed his mind about marriage unexpectedly.C) He declared that he would remain single all his life.D) He would marry Andrea even without meeting her.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16. A) They are motorcycles designated for water sports.B) They are speedy boats restricted in narrow waterways.C) They are becoming an efficient form of water transportation.D) They are getting more popular as a means of water recreation.17. A) Water scooter operators lack of experience. B) Vacationers disregard of water safety rules. C) Overloading of small boats and other craft.D) Carelessness of people boating along the shore.18. A) They scare whales to death. B) They produce too much noise. C) They discharge toxic emissions. D) They endanger lots of water life.19. A) Expand operating areas. B) Restrict operating hours. C) Limit the use of water scooters. D) Enforce necessary regulations.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. A) They are stable. B) They are close. C) They are strained. D) They are changing.21. A) They are fully occupied with their own business.B) Not many of them stay in the same place for long.C) Not many of them can win trust from their neighbors.D) They attach less importance to interpersonal relations.22. A) Count on each other for help. B) Give each other a cold shoulder. C) Keep a friendly distance. D) Build a fence between them.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) It may produce an increasing number of idle youngsters.B) It may affect the quality of higher education in America.C) It may cause many schools to go out of operation.D) It may lead to a lack of properly educated workers.24. A) It is less serious in cities than in rural areas.B) It affects both junior and senior high schools.C) It results from a worsening economic climate.D) It is a new challenge facing American educators.25. A) Allowing them to choose their favorite teachers.B) Creating a more relaxed learning environment.C) Rewarding excellent academic performance.D) Helping them to develop better study habits.Section CIm interested in the criminal justice system of our country. It seems to me that something has to be done, if were to _26_ as a country. I certainly dont know what the answers to our problems are. Things certainly get _27_ in a hurry when you get into them, but I wonder if something couldnt be done to deal with some of these problems. One thing Im concerned about is our practice of putting _28_ in jail who havent harmed anyone. Why not work out some system whereby they can pay back the debts they owe society instead of _29_ another debt by going to prison and, of course, coming _30_ hardened criminals. Im also concerned about the short prison sentences people are _31_ serious crimes. Of course one alternative to this is to _32_ capital punishment, but Im not sure I would be for that. Im not sure its right to take an eye for an eye. The alternative to capital punishment is longer sentences, but they would certainly cost the tax payers much money. I also think we must do something about the insanity _33_ In my opinion, anyone who takes another persons life _34_ is insane, however, that does not mean that the person isnt guilty of the crime, or that he shouldnt pay society the debt he owes. Its sad, of course, that a person may have to spend the rest of his life, or a large part of it in prison for acts that he _35_ while not in full control of this mind.Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer _36_ by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped _37_ prices.Today, the industry is going through a new revolution-this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms- _38_ in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis-allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see.Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry _39_ , but by the very people for whom the service is intended-the customer. This has _40_ a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more _41_ , often in very specific ways, which creates powerful _42_ to improve service.Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys (行李员) in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites _43_ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.The impact cannot be _44_ . Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and _45_ provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。A) accountable B) capacity C) controlled D) entail E) forgedF) incentives G) occasionally H) overstated I) persisting J) pessimisticK) professionals L) slash M) specializing N) spectators O) subsequentlySection BPlastic SurgeryA better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacksA) A thin magnetic strip (magstripe) is all that stands between your credit-card information and the bad guys. And theyve been working hard to break in. Thats why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than 100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected in some way during the most recent attacks, starting last November.B) Swipe(刷卡) is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchases in a store. In several recent incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-, debit- (借记) or prepaid-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious software, inserted secretly into the retailers point-of-sale system-the checkout registers. Hackers then sold the data to a second group of criminals operating in shadowy corners of the web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards and being used for online purchases.C) The solution could cost as little as $2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a security technology used heavily outside the US. While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV (short for Europay, MasterCard, Visa) that employs a chip embedded in the card plus a customer PIN (personal identification number) to authenticate(验证) every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in the correct PIN at the checkout, the transaction gets rejected. (Online purchases can be made by setting up a separate transaction code.)D) Why havent big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out new credit cards, its all about relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nilson Report, an industry newsletter. The cost of the card, putting the sticker on it, coding the account number and expiration date, embossing (凸印) it, the small envelope-all put together, youre in the dollar range. A chip-and-PIN card currently costs closer to $3, says Robertson, because of the price of chips. (Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.)E) Multiply $3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the US. Then consider that theres an estimated $12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis, says Robertson. With 44% of that in the US, American credit-card fraud amounts to about $5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic.F) That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology to charge purchases-and leaves consumers vulnerable. Each magstripe has three tracks of information, explains payments security expert Jeremy Gumbley, the chief technology officer of CreditCall, an electronic-payments company. The first and third are used by the bank or card issuer. Your vital account information lives on the second track, which hackers try to capture. Malware is scanning through the memory in real time and looking for data, he says. It creates a text file that gets stolen.G) Chip-and-PIN cards, by contrast, make fake cards or skimming impossible because the information that gets scanned is encrypted (加密). The historical reason the US has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, is once superior technology. Our cheap, ultra-reliable wired networks made credit-card authentication over the phone frictionless. In France, card companies created EMV in part because the telephone monopoly was so maddeningly inefficient and expensive. The EMV solution allowed transactions to be verified locally and securely.H) Some big banks, like Wells Fargo, are now offering to convert your magstripe card to a chip-and-PIN model. (Its actually a hybrid(混合体) that will still have a magstripe, since most US merchants dont have EMV terminals.) Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes.I) Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards. If someone uses your credit card fraudulently (欺诈性地), its the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit. Debit cards have different liability limits depending on the bank and the events surrounding any fraud. If its available, the logical thing is to get a chip-and-PIN card from your bank, says Eric Adamowsky, a co-founder of CreditCardlnsider. com. I would use credit cards over debit cards because of liability issues. Cash still works pretty well too.J) Retailers and banks stand to benefit from the lower fraud levels of chip-and-PIN cards but have been reluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure (基础设施) needed for the technology, especially if consumers dont have access to it. Its a chicken-and-egg problem: no one wants to spend the money on upgraded point-of-sale systems that can read the chip cards if shoppers arent carrying them-yet theres little point in consumers carrying the fancy plastic if stores arent equipped to use them. (An earlier effort by Target to move to chip and PIN never gained progress.) According to Gumbley, theres a you-first mentality. The logjam (僵局) has to be broken. K) JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so, noting that banks and merchants have spent the past decade suing each other over interchange fees-the percentage of the transaction price they keep-rather than deal with the growing hacking problem. Chase offers a chip-enabled card under its own brand and several others for travel-related companies such as British Airways and Ritz-Carlton.L) The Target and Neiman hacks have also changed the cost calculation: although retailers have been reluctant to spend the $6.75 billion that Capgemini consultants estimate it will take to convert all their registers to be chip-and-PIN-compatible, the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater. Target has been hit with class actions from hacked consumers. Its the ultimate nightmare, a retail executive from a well-known chain admitted to TIME.M) The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change. The two firms have warned all parties in the transaction chain-merchant, network, bank-that if they dont become EMV-compliant by October 2015, the party that is least compliant will bear the fraud risk. N) In the meantime, app-equipped smartphones and digital wallets-all of which can use EMV technology-are beginning to make inroads (侵袭) on cards and cash. PayPal, for instance, is testing an app that lets you use your mobile phone to pay on the fly at local merchants-without surrendering any card information to them. And further down the road is biometric authentication, which could be encrypted with, say, a fingerprint.O) Credit and debit cards, though, are going to be with us for the foreseeable future, and so are hackers, if we stick with magstripe technology. It seems crazy to me, says Gumbley, who is English, that a cutting-edge-technology country is depending on a 40-year-old technology. Thats why it may be up to consumers to move the needle on chip and PIN. Says Robertson: When you get the consumer into a position of worry and inconvenience, thats where the rubber hits the road.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。46. It is best to use an EMV card for international travel.47. Personal information on credit and debit cards is increasingly vulnerable to hacking.48. The French card companies adopted EMV technology partly because of inefficient telephone service.49. While many countries use the smarter EMV cards, the US still clings to its old magstripe technology.50. Attempts are being made to prevent hackers from carrying out identity theft.51. Credit cards are much safer to use than debit cards.52. Big banks have been reluctant to switch to more secure technology because of the higher costs involved.53. The potential liability for retailers using magstripe is far more costly than upgrading their registers.54. The use of magstripe cards by American retailers leaves consumers exposed to the risks of losing account information.55. Consumers will be a driving force behind the conversion from magstripe to EMV technology.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent, as 598,000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if were doing well or doing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics arent an objective measure of reality; they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60 000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the payroll survey, that assesses 400 000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll survey can easily double-count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesnt capture the number of self-employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income.The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if youre employed, and you say yes, youre employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you are only unemploy
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