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Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐 First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题：What happened to the clavichord?We have an old musical instrument.It is called a clavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.Our clavichord is kept in the living room.It has belonged to our family for a long time.The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.She tried to play jazz on it!She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.My father was shocked.Now we are not allowed to touch it.It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.【New words and expressions】生词和短语jazz n.爵士音乐musical adj.音乐的instrument n.乐器clavichord n.古钢琴recently adv.最近damage v.损坏key n.琴键string n.（乐器的）弦shock v.使不悦或生气，震动allow v.答应，让touch v.触摸参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。【New words and expressions】jazz n.爵士音乐 a kind of musicmusical adj.音乐的 musical student 有音乐天赋的人 music student 学音乐的人（the student who learned music）instrument n.乐器 instrument=musical instrumet surgical instrument 外科手术器械string instrument 弦乐器 clavichord n.古钢琴,不是现代的piano a kind of instrumentrecently adv.最近 recently=latelydamage v.损坏 n.损害，损失，伤害The storm has done a lot of damage to the village.vt.损害，毁坏，损坏The car was badly damaged in the accident.key n.琴键 n.琴键 n.钥匙，答案 key to the door 门钥匙Do you know the key to the question?adj.关键的 key structure 关键句型shock v.使不悦或生气,震惊 v.使不悦或生气,震动跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是“人”(以sth.为主语)The news shocks me.这个消息使我震动 adj.令人震动的It is shocking.adj.感到震动凡是能够用“人”做宾语,又是表示人的情绪活动的动词,有两个形容词形成：令人（V ing）；感到（V ed）Im shocked.n.震动sb.get a shock 某人很吃惊 shock 必指坏事,令人不悦,生气的 surprise 好事坏事都可以,只要你没有料到的 I want to give you a big surprise.allow v.答应,让 allow doing sth.Smoking is allowed.people allow smoking allow sb.to do sth./sb.be allowed to do sth.You are allowed to smoke You are not allowed to enter the room if you dont take the card with youtouch v.触摸 vt.&vi.触摸，碰 You are not allowed to touch the vase.vt.谈及，涉及，关系到 A rise in the cost of living touches everyone.生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。【课文讲解】1、We have an old musical instrument.我家有件古乐器。instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。have 没有被动语态musical instrument乐器musical乐器的2、It is called a clavichord.被称作古钢琴。call在这里的意思是“把称为”、“称呼”，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：E.g.What do you call this?你们把这称为什么？E.g.They call him big Tom.他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。3、It was made in Germany in 1681.它是1681年德国造的。Make：意为“生产,制造”，常用的搭配有：、1）be made in somewhere:产于某地E.g.These desks were made in Shanghai.2）be made by sb.:由某人制造E.g This cake was made by my sister.3）be made of sth.：由某种材料制成（看得出材料）E.g.The ring is made of gold.4）be made from sth.:由多种材料混合制成 （看不出单个材料）E.g.The cake is made from sugar,flour,butter and eggs.5）be made into sth.:被制作成了成品E.g.This piece of cloth can be made into a dress.6）be made up of sth.:由.组成，构成（机构、团体等）E.g.The committee is made up of eleven members.4、Our clavichord is kept in the living room.我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。5、It has belonged to our family for a long time.我们家有这件乐器已经很久了。This book is mine/the book belongs to me/Its my personal book/Im in possession of the book(主语是人）The book is in my possession This house belongs to me and it belonged to my father ten yeards ago.6、The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years age.是我祖父在很多年以前买的。主动语态：.7、Recently it was damaged by a visitor.可它最近被一个客人弄坏了。The car was badly damaged in the accident.my watch is out of order 我的表不走了（状态）My watch was damaged（强调动作）主动语态.8、She tried to play jazz on it!因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。play n.玩，演奏（乐器等）跟球类连用,直接 球类;play football 跟乐器连用,the 乐器,演奏乐器而非音乐play the guitar/piano/flute/on.使用某种设备he is on the phone/I”m on the computer 9.She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。hit/strike/press/touch the keys 10.My father was shocked.我父亲大为吃惊。My father was shock at it I was very shocked at what I saw 11.Now we are not allowed to touch it.不许我们再动它。Now My father doesnt allow us to touch it 12.It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。Is being repaired 是现在进行时的被动语态，表示正在被修理。a friend of my fathers 此短语中-s结构的所有格用于“of”结构之后，构成了双重所有格。1)双重所有格用来表示的所有关系是人，不是物。E.g.a friend of my fathers=one of my fathers friends.（表示父亲很多朋友中的一个）Some pictures of Johns=some of Johns pictures.(约翰的许多照片中的一部分）a doll of hers-one of her dolls.(她的许多布娃娃中的一个）2)双重所有格还常用this,that,these和those 修饰of短语前面的名词，表示爱，恨，褒，贬等情感。E.g.This son of mine 我这个儿子That dog of Roberts 罗伯特的那条狗Those dirty hands of yours 你那肮脏的手【Key structures】关键句型一、被动语态被动语态结构为：be+done.1）被动语态的时态由be的变化来表示；2）只有动作是及物动词才能构成被动语态；3）强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发生时，常用介词 be+行为发出者；4）被动语态没有将来进行时和各种完成进行时态。常出现的被动语态的各种时态形式如下：一般时态一般时态进行进态进行进态完成时态完成时态现在现在amdoneam being donehavebeen doneisisarearehas过去过去wasdonewasbeing donehad been donewerewere将来将来shallbe doneshallhave been donewillwill二、名词的属格（一）名词所有格的构成1）在名词尾加s。主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的事物以及时间距离等所有格，如the worlds，the suns，the earths，todays，yesterdays等。1、单数名词词尾加“s”，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加“s”。the boys bag 男孩的书包mens room 男厕所2、若名词已有复数词尾又是s，只加“”。the workers struggle 工人的斗争3、凡不能加“s”的名词，都可以用“名词+of+名词”的结构来表示所有关系。the title of the song 歌的名字4、在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。the barbers 理发店5、如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个s，则表示“共有”。Johns and Marys room(两间)John and Marys room(一间)6、在复合名词或短语中，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。a month or twos absence7、作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加s。an hour and a halfs walk（步行一个半小时的路程）Carol and Charles boat（卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船）8、不定代词后接 else,所有格放在 else 上。somebody elses bag9、下列情况可以将 s 所有格中的名词省略。1)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。This notebook is not mine,nor Johns,nor Peters.这个笔记本不是我的，也不是约翰和比特的。The dictionary isnt mine,but Jennys.这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。2)名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的在习惯上可以省略。the doctors（office）医生的诊所my uncles（house）我叔叔的家10、起修饰作用的名词，如不表示所有关系，通常不用s。room number tooth brush二、另外一种所有格是由介词of加名词构成的名词短语1、名词的所有格形式除s外，还可用of+名词构成短语修饰前面的名词或表示两个名词间的所有关系。2、使用名词所有格须注意:一般地说，s 所有格多用于有生命的东西，of 所有格多用于无生命的东西，但也有许多例外。1)表示天体的名词的所有格用s。the suns heat the moons surface2)表示地区机构的名词的所有格用s。the citys developmentthe governments plan3)表示度量与货币价值的所有格用s。ten kilometres distance200 dollars worth of goods4)表示“有关”非所有关系的用 of 介词短语。students of the school the statue of liberty5)表示同位关系的用 of 介词短语。the city of Pisa6)表示部分或全部的用 of 介词短语。the bottom of the sea the majority of people7)表示抽象概念的用 of 介词短语。the cost of living the news of success8)名词本身带有后置修饰语或含有“the+形容词”表示一类人，其所有格用 of 介词短语。the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have been well trained9)有些表示时间、距离等无生命和表示世界、国家、城镇等的名词，也可以在词尾加s或“”，变成相应的所有格。five minutes walk 五分钟的路程todays newspaper 今天的报纸3、双重所有格双重所有格即“of+名词s 所有格”，表示整体中的一个或部分。用于修饰of前面的名词，但此时of前面的名词一定要有一个a(an)，two，any，some，several，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之类的修饰语(这个修饰语一般不能是one和the)。双重所有格也可由“of+名词性物主代词”构成,如：a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。E.g.Do you know any friends of my husbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us注：在双重所有格中，用作介词补足成分的所有格的名词必须是确定特指的，而且一般指人。E.g.an old friend of my fathers（=one of my fathers old friends）我父亲的一个老朋友this lovely baby of my aunts 我姨妈的可爱的孩子【Multiple choice questions】多项选择词Comprehension 理解 1 The old musical instrument _ (a)has been in the family for a long time (b)was bought recently (c)was sold recently (d)was repaired recently 2 How did the visitor damage the clavichord?(a)She played jazz on it.(b)She played it.(c)She cut the strings.(d)She hit the keys too hard.Structure句型3 Our c1avichord is kept in the living room.Thats where we _ it.(a)kept (b)have kept (c)are keeping (d)keep4 It has belonged to our family for years.Its the _(a)families (b)families (c)familys (d)familys5 The family have had the clavichord _ many years.(a)since (b)for (c)from (d)by6 Who _ it?Grandfather did.(a)buy (b)was bought (c)bought (d)did buy7 We are not allowed to touch it.We _ touch it.(a)mustnt (b)mustnt to (c)havent to (d)dont have toVocabulary 词汇8 Whats it _?A clavichord.(a)told (b)said (c)called (d)spoken9 Its kept in the living room.Thats where we _ it.(a)have (b)hold (c)lift (d)carry10 The visitor damaged it.She _ it.(a)hurt (b)pained (c)broke (d)destroyed11 Recently it was damaged.She damaged it _(a)late (b)lastly (c)lately (d)finally12 A friend of my father s is _ the clavichord.(a)mending (b)making (c)doing (d)building Sentence structure 句子结构 Rewrite this sentence,then check your answer against the text.改以下句子，然后对照课文3-4行，核对你的答案。It was my grandfather who bought the instrument many years age.The instrument_.Thank youby DUDU
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