资源描述
英语高考总复习人教版选修八语法专题形容词和副词语法专题形容词和副词 (adj 、adv)英语高考总复习人教版选修八高考考点归纳高考考点归纳1.1.形容词形容词,副词的意义和用法副词的意义和用法2.2.形容词和副词的转化形容词和副词的转化 3.3.比较级和最高级比较级和最高级英语高考总复习人教版选修八一、形容词一、形容词1.定义定义 是修饰名词来说明名词属性的词是修饰名词来说明名词属性的词,常常放在它所修饰的名词之前。放在它所修饰的名词之前。Eg:China is a big and beautiful country.英语高考总复习人教版选修八 2.基本用法基本用法:可做可做 1)定语定语(放在名词前放在名词前);2)表语表语(放在系动词后放在系动词后);3)宾语补足语宾语补足语;4)the+形容词形容词 表一类表一类1)Jim is a diligent boy.2)John is honest and warm-hearted.Father got angry when he heard the news.3)You must keep the room clean.Dont leave the door open.4)The young are energetic and enthusiastic.英语高考总复习人教版选修八3.几种特殊情况,几种特殊情况,须牢记:须牢记:1).形容词短语作定语,定语后置。形容词短语作定语,定语后置。eg.a language difficult to master a leaning tower about 180 feet high2).表语形容词(表语形容词(afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive 等)作定语,定语后置等)作定语,定语后置 Eg:a man alive 3).形容词放在不定代词之后形容词放在不定代词之后 something interesting英语高考总复习人教版选修八4).多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被 修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近靠近名词;如名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:如:常用的顺序为:常用的顺序为:请译:一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶请译:一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。a nice big new Chinese china vase a small beautiful room限数描形新颜国材(名词限数描形新颜国材(名词)英语高考总复习人教版选修八3.复合形容词的构成复合形容词的构成 1).形名形名ed kind-hearted white-haired2)形形形形 red-hot dark-blue 3)形形 现分现分 good-looking easy-going 4.)副词副词 现分现分 hard-working fast-moving 5)副词副词 过分过分 hard-won newly-made6)名名 形形 life-long world-famous 7)名名 现分现分 peace-loving fun-loving8)名名 过分过分 snow-covered hand-made 9)数数 名名 ed four-storyed three-legged10)数数 名名 ten-year 英语高考总复习人教版选修八3.形容词的比较等级形容词的比较等级 表示形容表示形容词原原级的句型:的句型:1.双方相等双方相等时,2.用句型用句型“.as+形容形容词原原级+as.”3.Eg:He is as intelligent as his sister.=He is as intelligent a student as his sister.英语高考总复习人教版选修八双方不相等时,双方不相等时,双方不相等时,双方不相等时,用句型用句型用句型用句型“.not so/as+.not so/as+形容词原级形容词原级形容词原级形容词原级+as.”+as.”Learning Learning English English is is not not so so hard hard as as learning learning Russia.Russia.English is not English is not so difficultso difficult a subject a subject as as Russia.Russia.英语高考总复习人教版选修八一方是另一方的几倍一方是另一方的几倍1.A is 倍数倍数+the+n.(长宽高等)长宽高等)+of+B.如:如:Their library is twice the size of ours.2.A is 倍数倍数+as+adj原级原级+as B.如:如:The new bridge is three times as long as the old one.3.A is 倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than B.如:如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.英语高考总复习人教版选修八1)1)表表表表示示示示一一一一方方方方不不不不如如如如另另另另一一一一方方方方时时时时,用用用用“.less+.less+形形形形容容容容词词词词原级原级原级原级 +than.”+than.”;I admit that I am I admit that I am less brave less brave than you.than you.He is He is less nervous than less nervous than you.you.2)2)“the+比较级比较级,the+比较级比较级.”.”越越越越越越越越如如如如:The The harder harder he he works,works,the the happier happier he he feels.feels.4).4).“比较级比较级 and+比较级比较级”,“越来越越来越越来越越来越”Our country is becoming richer and richer.表示形容词比较级的句型表示形容词比较级的句型:英语高考总复习人教版选修八4).More A than B 与其说与其说 B 倒不如说倒不如说ASmith is more diligent than intelligent.5).not+比较级比较级 纯表示比较纯表示比较 不如不如 no+比较级比较级 含有对两者的否定含有对两者的否定I am not better at English than you.I am no better at English than you.(Imply:Neither you nor I am good at English.)英语高考总复习人教版选修八二、二、副副 词词1.定义:指用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句,定义:指用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句,表示时间,地点,程度,方式等概念,反映动作行为以表示时间,地点,程度,方式等概念,反映动作行为以及陈述事情的性质特征及陈述事情的性质特征 2.作用作用:修饰动词;修饰形容词;修饰副词;修饰动词;修饰形容词;修饰副词;修饰句子修饰句子3.位置位置:通常放在形容词通常放在形容词前前 动词之动词之后后英语高考总复习人教版选修八.1.They listened to the teacher attentively and took notes every now and then.2.The ticket is terribly expensive.3.I like English very much.4.He is really a good man.5.Obviously,he is telling a lie.uActually/luckily/generally/unfortunately/.常用常用来修来修饰句子句子.英语高考总复习人教版选修八Attention:1such和和so(1)such 后接名后接名词词,so 后接形容后接形容词词或副或副词词。(上海上海)The Great Wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.Aso a wellknown Ba so wellknownCsuch wellknown a Dsuch a wellknown解析:解析:句意:长城是如此著名的旅游胜地,以至于每年都句意:长城是如此著名的旅游胜地,以至于每年都有上百万人涌来。有上百万人涌来。sucha形容词单数名词形容词单数名词that从句,从句,表示表示“如此如此以至于以至于”。答案:答案:D英语高考总复习人教版选修八2much too和和too much(1)much too意意为为“太太”,以,以too为为中心,修中心,修饰饰形容形容词词或副或副词词,相当于,相当于far too,quite too。(全国全国)Its high time you had your hair cut;its getting _.Atoo much long Bmuch too longClong too much Dtoo long much解析:解析:句意:你该理发了,头发太长了。句意:你该理发了,头发太长了。much too long 太长了。太长了。答案:答案:B英语高考总复习人教版选修八3.(盐城联考盐城联考)I have been living in the United States for twenty years,but seldom _ so lonely as now.Ahave I felt BI had feltCI have felt DHad I felt解析:解析:考查时态及倒装。由句意知应选现在完成时;考查时态及倒装。由句意知应选现在完成时;表示表示否定意义否定意义的副词的副词seldom“很少很少”放在句首,句子用部分放在句首,句子用部分倒装形式,所以选倒装形式,所以选A。答案:答案:A英语高考总复习人教版选修八4下列词都可以用作副词,但词义不同下列词都可以用作副词,但词义不同hard努力,努力,hardly几乎不;几乎不;late迟,迟,lately最近;最近;near靠近,靠近,nearly几乎;几乎;short短,短,shortly不久;不久;close靠近,靠近,closely严格地,严格地,仔细地;仔细地;free免费,免费,freely无拘束地;无拘束地;deep深深(表示具体深度表示具体深度),deeply深深地深深地(表示抽象深度表示抽象深度);wide宽,宽,widely广泛地;广泛地;high高,高,highly高度地;高度地;direct直接地,直接地,directly立刻;立刻;loud大声,大声,loudly喧闹。喧闹。英语高考总复习人教版选修八 三、形容词和副词的级三、形容词和副词的级英语高考总复习人教版选修八1比较等级的构成比较等级的构成(1)单音节和少数双单节形容词单音节和少数双单节形容词原原级级比比较级较级最高最高级级构成方法构成方法great clevergreater cleverergreatest cleverest一般的一般的单单音音节节及少数双音及少数双音节词节词,在在词词尾加上尾加上er或或estbrave simplebraver simplerbravest simplest词词尾是不尾是不发发音的音的e时时,只加,只加r或或sthot bighotter biggerhottest biggest重重读闭读闭音音节词节词尾是一个尾是一个辅辅音字音字母,需重复母,需重复辅辅音字母,再加音字母,再加er或或esteasy earlyeasier earliereasiest earliest词词尾是尾是辅辅音加音加y,先把,先把y改改为为i,再加,再加er或或est(2)多数多音节形容词,前面加多数多音节形容词,前面加more或或most原原级级比比较级较级最高最高级级usefulmore usefulmost usefulimportantmore importantmost important英语高考总复习人教版选修八(3)少数形容词的不规则变化少数形容词的不规则变化原原级级比比较级较级最高最高级级good好的好的well健康的健康的betterbestbad坏的坏的ill病的病的worseworstmany许许多多much许许多多moremostlittle少少lessleastfar远远的的farther更更远远的的further更更进进一步一步old老的,旧的老的,旧的older较较年年长长的,的,较较旧的旧的elder较较年年长长的的oldest最年最年长长的,最的,最旧的旧的eldest最年最年长长的的英语高考总复习人教版选修八(北京海淀区北京海淀区)Id like to have _ car.The one I have got keeps breaking down.Aa reliable Ba more reliableCa most reliable Dthe most reliable解析:解析:此题考查形容词比较级,最高级的用法。此题考查形容词比较级,最高级的用法。reliable可可靠的。我拥有的那辆车总是出问题,靠的。我拥有的那辆车总是出问题,(因此因此)我想要一辆我想要一辆(性能性能)更更可靠的,与旧的相比更好的,因此用比较级,故选可靠的,与旧的相比更好的,因此用比较级,故选B项。项。答案:答案:B英语高考总复习人教版选修八表示表示“三者或三者或三者以上三者以上”之之间间的比的比较时较时the最高最高级级,句中常,句中常in/among/of/短短语语I think Chinese is the most important of all subjects.表示表示“其中最其中最之一之一”时时one ofthe最高最高级级n.(pl.)She is one of the best students in her class.2.最高级最高级英语高考总复习人教版选修八(金华十校模拟金华十校模拟)Tea is considered by some Europeans _ popular drink,while coffee comes second.Aa most Ba moreCthe most Dthe more解析:解析:由由while coffee comes second可知,此处考查最高可知,此处考查最高级,故选级,故选C。答案:答案:C英语高考总复习人教版选修八(1)形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不再加形容词最高级前有物主代词时,不再加the。王海是我最好的朋友。王海是我最好的朋友。Wang Hai is my best friend.(2)最高级形式有时并不表示最高级概念,它只最高级形式有时并不表示最高级概念,它只表示表示“在很大程度上,非常在很大程度上,非常”,如:,如:a most。Its a most important question.这这是个是个非常重要非常重要的的问题问题。Attention :英语高考总复习人教版选修八(2008大连高三模拟大连高三模拟)I dont know who invented _telephone,but its really _most wonderful invention.Athe;a B/;theCa;the D/;a解析:解析:the telephone特指电话这一事物;特指电话这一事物;a mosta very,不表最高级。,不表最高级。答案:答案:A英语高考总复习人教版选修八3常见修饰语常见修饰语用法用法例句例句修修饰饰原原级级:fairly,quite,rather,so,very,too,greatly等等Hes quite well by eating healthy food.通通过过吃健康食品他身体很吃健康食品他身体很好。好。修修饰饰比比较级较级:much,even,far,rather,still,any,no,a bit,a little,a great deal,a lot,by far等等Hes working much better than ever before.他他比原来工作得更出色了。比原来工作得更出色了。修修饰饰最高最高级级:by far,almost或序数或序数词词等等Tom is the second tallest boy in my class.汤汤姆是我班上第二高的学姆是我班上第二高的学生。生。英语高考总复习人教版选修八(2007全国全国)After two years research,we now have a _better understanding of the disease.Avery BfarCfairly Dquite解析:解析:此题考查的是程度副词的用法。常用于修饰比较级此题考查的是程度副词的用法。常用于修饰比较级的副词有:的副词有:far,rather,much,even,still,by far,a little,a great deal等。等。quite,very,fairly不能修饰比较级。所以本不能修饰比较级。所以本题的答案是题的答案是B。答案:答案:B英语高考总复习人教版选修八单项填空单项填空1As is known to all,China will be getting_in 20 or 30 years time.Avery developedBmore developedCthe most developed Dmuch developed答案与解析:答案与解析:B更为发达的国家。更为发达的国家。英语高考总复习人教版选修八2Are these enough for you all?They arent really enough;_are needed.Amuch more Bmany Cmany more Dsome答案与解析:答案与解析:Amuch修饰比较级修饰比较级more。英语高考总复习人教版选修八3The salesman showed her several necklaces and she chose_ one.Athe least expensive Bless expensiveCleast expensive Dthe less expensive答案与解析:答案与解析:Athe least expensive最便宜的。最便宜的。英语高考总复习人教版选修八5How did you find your visit to London?I really enjoyed it.It was_interesting than I had expected.Aeven much Bso more Ca lot much Dfar more答案与解析:答案与解析:Dfar修饰比较级修饰比较级more interesting意为意为“比期望的有趣得多比期望的有趣得多”。英语高考总复习人教版选修八6How did you find his speech at the ceremony?To tell you the truth,it couldnt have been_.Aterrible BworseCthe worst Dbadly答案与解析:答案与解析:B否定词比较级,表示最否定词比较级,表示最,本,本句意为句意为“这是最差劲的了这是最差劲的了”。英语高考总复习人教版选修八7The more I think about him,the more reasons I find for loving him_I did.Aas much as Bas long as Cas soon as Das far as答案与解析:答案与解析:Alove him as much as I did 和过去一和过去一样爱他。样爱他。英语高考总复习人教版选修八8Four of Roberts children were at the party,including_Luke.Athe oldest Ban oldest one Cthe old Dan old one答案与解析:答案与解析:A包括包括4个人中年龄最大的,最高级前个人中年龄最大的,最高级前加加the。英语高考总复习人教版选修八9For quite_students,their teachers advice is much more important than_of their parents.Afew;one Ba few;that Ca little;some Da lot;many答案与解析:答案与解析:Bquite a few为固定短语,意为为固定短语,意为“许多许多”,that指代上文的不可数名词指代上文的不可数名词advice。英语高考总复习人教版选修八10It is said that people are _likely to tell lies over the phone as they are in emails.Aas twice Btwice asCtwice more Dtwice than答案与解析:答案与解析:B考查倍数表达法。倍数与比较级连考查倍数表达法。倍数与比较级连用及与原级比较连用时,一律放在比较级及第一个用及与原级比较连用时,一律放在比较级及第一个as之前。之前。英语高考总复习人教版选修八11How did your final examination go?I couldnt feel_ about it!Aworse Bbest Cbetter Dworst答案与解析:答案与解析:C此处是用比较级结构表达最高级含此处是用比较级结构表达最高级含义,根据语境判断,此处意为:感觉再好不过了。义,根据语境判断,此处意为:感觉再好不过了。英语高考总复习人教版选修八12Do you like cats?Of course.They mean_a kind of pet to their masters.Abetter than Bmore thanCno more than Dnot more than答案与解析:答案与解析:B此处表示此处表示“不仅仅不仅仅”是一种宠物,用是一种宠物,用more than。no more than“仅仅,只是仅仅,只是”,与题目意义相反;,与题目意义相反;not more than“至多,不超过,不比至多,不超过,不比更更”,不符合句意。,不符合句意。英语高考总复习人教版选修八13Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.But in my opinion,he is_than wise.Aluckier Bmore luckyCmuch luckier Drather lucky答案与解析:答案与解析:B考查考查“more.than.”的含义。此处表的含义。此处表示示“与其说他英明,倒不如说他幸运与其说他英明,倒不如说他幸运”。英语高考总复习人教版选修八14Now that you like the car so much,why not drive it back?Well,how could I afford_car?Athat expensive a Bthat an expensiveCsuch expensive a Da such expensive答案与解析:答案与解析:A这里的这里的that是副词,意为是副词,意为“那么,那那么,那样样”,相当于,相当于so,一般用于疑问句和否定句中,修饰形容词。,一般用于疑问句和否定句中,修饰形容词。that/so expensive a carsuch an expensive car。英语高考总复习人教版选修八15The Olympic Games in Beijing were the biggest _sports events in the world.Aalive Blive Clively Dliving答案与解析:答案与解析:Blive此处是形容词,意思是此处是形容词,意思是“实况转实况转播的播的”;alive“活着的活着的”,作表语、后置定语或补语;,作表语、后置定语或补语;lively“精力充沛的,生机勃勃的精力充沛的,生机勃勃的”,作表语或前置定语;,作表语或前置定语;living“活活的的”,一般作前置定语或表语。,一般作前置定语或表语。英语高考总复习人教版选修八16What did the mother say?She said that her son worked_.Aevery day there happilyBhappily there every dayChappily every day there Devery day happily there答案与解析:答案与解析:B本题考查多个副词作状语的排序。本题考查多个副词作状语的排序。多个副词放在句末修饰动词时,其顺序为:方式副词地多个副词放在句末修饰动词时,其顺序为:方式副词地点副词时间副词。点副词时间副词。英语高考总复习人教版选修八17Is the bus stop far from here?Its a quarters walk,_Amore and less Band so on Call together Dmore or less答案与解析:答案与解析:Dmore or less“大约,或多或少大约,或多或少”,它,它可放在句中或句尾,放在句尾时,其前通常加逗号;可放在句中或句尾,放在句尾时,其前通常加逗号;all together一般作方式状语,意为一般作方式状语,意为“总共,同时总共,同时”;and so on“等等等等”。综合四个选项,只有。综合四个选项,只有D项最符合题意。项最符合题意。英语高考总复习人教版选修八18Help will come from the UN,but the aid will be _near whats needed.Aeverywhere BsomewhereCanywhere Dnowhere答案与解析:答案与解析:D由转折词由转折词but可知,援助离需要的还可知,援助离需要的还差得很远,差得很远,nowhere near原意是原意是“不靠近,离不靠近,离很远很远”,此处引申为此处引申为“差得远差得远”。英语高考总复习人教版选修八19What a wonder!Theyve finished_30%of the task within one week.Ano more than Bno less thanCnot more than Dmuch less than答案与解析:答案与解析:B由由“What a wonder”可知,他们的工可知,他们的工作进度非常惊人。作进度非常惊人。no less than“多达多达”;no more than“仅仅仅仅”;not more than“至少,不超过至少,不超过”;much less than“比比少得多少得多”。综合四个选项,可确定答案为。综合四个选项,可确定答案为B。英语高考总复习人教版选修八20I have invited 50 guests to the party,but actually_came.Atwice much than Btwice as muchCtwice as many Das many as twice答案与解析:答案与解析:C此句为省略句,省略了此句为省略句,省略了as后面的部后面的部分。分。A项中不能用项中不能用much than,只能用,只能用more than,故排除,故排除A;much修饰不可数名词,排除修饰不可数名词,排除B;倍数修饰比较级要放;倍数修饰比较级要放在比较级之前,所以在比较级之前,所以D不对。不对。
展开阅读全文