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1 Concrete structure reinforcement design Sheyanbo Wangchenjia Foundation Engineering Co.,Ltd.Heilongjiang Dongyu Heilongjiang Province,East Building Foundation Engineering Co.,Ltd.Coal Abstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environments function,its function is weaken inevitably gradually,our structural engineerings duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work,but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree,and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use,that the structure reinforcement will become an important work.What may foresee will be the 21st century,the human building also by the concrete structure,the steel structure,the bricking-up structure and so on primarily,the present stage I will think us in the structure reinforcement this aspect research should also take this as the main breakthrough direction.Key word：Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement 1 Concrete structure reinforcement Concrete structures reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly,when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the necessary technology.1.1 the direct reinforcements general method 1Enlarges the section reinforcement law Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone,may increase the section effective height,the expansion cross sectional area,thus enhances the component right section anti-curved,the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity,plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.In the suitable muscle scope,the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance.In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation,increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively.Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase the component section,through new Canada partial and original component joint work,but enhances the component supporting capacity effectively,improvement normal operational performance.Enlarges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply,compatible,and has the mature design and the construction experience;Is suitable in Liang,the 2 board,the column,the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement;But scene constructions wet operating time is long,to produces has certain influence with the life,and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction.2)Replacement concretes reinforcement law This laws merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close,and after reinforcing,does not affect buildings clearance,but similar existence construction wet operating time long shortcoming;Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carriers and so on serious defect Liang,column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement.3)the caking outsourcing section reinforcement law Outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced components outside,outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally,namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a whole,after the reinforcement component,because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enhancement,therefore right section supporting capacity and section rigidity large scale enhancement.This law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law,the stress is reliable,the construction is simple,the scene work load is small,but is big with the steel quantity,and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protections situation the high temperature place;Is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size,but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement.4)Sticks the steel reinforcement law Outside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is(right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sector area,right section compression zone or oblique section)the superficial glue steel plate,like this may enhance is reinforced components supporting capacity,and constructs conveniently.This law construction is fast,the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works,to produces is small with the life influence,and after reinforcing,is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects,but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level;Is suitable in the withstanding static function,and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member reinforcement.5)Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement law Outside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing 3 material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region,causes it with to reinforce the section joint work,achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal.Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit,but also has anticorrosive muddy,bears moistly,does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly,durably,the maintenance cost low status merit,but needs special fire protection processing,is suitable in each kind of stress nature concrete structure component and the general construction.This laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close;Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity,or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation.6)Reeling law This laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close;Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity,or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation.7)Fang bolt anchor law This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20C60 concretes load-bearing member transformation,the reinforcement;It is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously.1.2 The indirect reinforcements general method 1)Pre-stressed reinforcement law(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action,in the tension bar has the axial tension,this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor(,when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting,tension bar can look for tune together with component,this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface),has the eccentric compression function in the component,this function has overcome the bending moment which outside the part the load produces,reduced outside the load effect,thus sharpened components anti-curved ability.At the same time,because the tension bar passes to components pressure function,the component crack development can alleviate,the control,the oblique section anti-to cut the supporting capacity also along with it enhancement.As a result of the horizontal lifting stems function,the original components section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression,therefore,after the reinforcement,components supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original components supporting capacity。(2)After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides,forms one by to reinforce the 4 component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed,under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action,in the tension bar has the axial force and through(next supports and pole end anchor spot)with components combining site transmits for is reinforced the component,has counter-balanced outside the part the load,changed the original component section endogenic force characteristic,thus sharpened components bearing capacity.This law can reduce is reinforced components stress level,not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good,moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity,but after reinforcing,has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance;Is suitable as well as is under the high stress,the high strained condition concretes components reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement,but in the non-protections situation,cannot use in the temperature above 600C in the environment,is also not suitable uses in the concrete shrinkage continuous variation big structure.2)Increases the supporting reinforcement law The addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span,achieves the reduced function,in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect,raises the structure load bearing level the goal.This law simple reliable,but easy to harm buildings original condition and the use function,possibly and reduces uses the space;Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement.1.3Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary uses technology 1)The request trades the technology It is the joist(either truss)opens the column(or wall),the joist terminal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally;Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology,by the related structure reinforcement,the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed;Is suitable in had buildings reinforcement transformation;Compares with the traditional practices,has the construction time to be short,the expense low,affects and so on merits slightly to the life and the production,but is high to the specification,must complete by the skilled worker,can ensure the security.2Plants the muscle technology It is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure,the effective connection and the anchor technology;May implant the ordinary steel bar,may also implant the bolt type anchor muscle;Has widely applied in had buildings 5 reinforcement improvement project,for example:In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery,the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle,the superstructure expands cross,goes against rises to Liang,columns lengthening by joining,the house superimposed layer terminal and the high-rise construction addition shearing force wall plants the muscle and so on.3Crack patching technology According to the concretes cracks cause,the character and the size,use seal differently protect the method to carry on patching,one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore;Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing,but to the stress crack,besides patching,still should use the corresponding reinforcement measure.The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pressure concretes crack,renders the young or up and coming generation to sew up the function,and makes the original structure through its cementation to restore the integrity,this method is suitable for the crack opening is big,and durable and so on is influential to the structure integrity and the security,or has request and so on waterproof anti-seepage crack patching.4Carbonized concretes repair technology It is refers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity(inactivation)or increases its impedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.5Concretes surface treatment technology It is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains,the oil mark,the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method,mechanical method,sand blasting method,vacuum cleaning method,injection method skill.6Coagulation mantle of soil seal technology It is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill,polymer grouting,paint film to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes,moisture-proof and against crack processing technology.Like the structure,the component shift the technology,the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on.7Other technologies Like the structure,the component shift the technology,the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on.2 Bricking-up structure Bricking-up structure reinforcement method:The bricking-up structures reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly,the design,may act according to the actual condition and the operation 6 requirements choice being suitable method.2.1 suitable for the bricking-up structure direct reinforcement method 1)outside reinforced concrete superimposed layer reinforcement law This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind.Its merit is the construction craft simple,compatible,after the bricking-up reinforcement,the supporting capacity has enhances greatly,and has the mature design and the construction experience;Is suitable in the column,the belt wall wall reinforcement;Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operating time is long,to produces has certain influence with the life,and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction.2)outside reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement law This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind.Its merit and outside the reinforced concrete the superimposed layer reinforcement law is close,but enhances the supporting capacity to be inferior to the former;Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforcement,sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete when the superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged column wall the both sides put on the wall stirrup the seal.3)the addition holds the engaged column reinforcement law This law belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind.Its merit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete outside,but the supporting capacity enhances limitedly,and difficult to satisfy the earthquake resistance request,generally only in peneseismic country application.2.2 suitable for the bricking-up structure indirect reinforcement method 1non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement law This law belongs to the traditional reinforcement method,its merit is the construction is simple,the scene work load and the wet work are few,the stress is more reliable;Is suitable in does not allow to increase the original component section size,actually requests to enhance the section supporting capacity large scale the bricking-up columns reinforcement;Its shortcoming is high for the reinforcement expense,and must use the similar steel structure the protective measure.2)pre-stressed stay rod reinforcement law This law can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up columns bearing capacity,and the reinforcement effect is reliable;Is suitable processes the high stress,the high strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement in the reinforcement;Its shortcoming cannot use in the temperature in the 600C above environment.7 中文翻译：混凝土结构配筋设计 SheyanboWangchenjia 根底工程黑龙江东宇 黑龙江省东建筑地基根底工程煤 摘要：在长期的自然的环境下使用环境的功能结构，其功能减弱不可防止地渐渐地，我们的结构工程的责任不只是必须完成建设前期工程工作，但必须能够科学评价结构的破坏目标法律和程度，并采用有效的方法保证结构的平安使用，该结构加固将成为一个重要的工作。什么可以预见将是 21 世纪，人类建筑的混凝土结构，钢结构，砌体式结构等为主另外，现阶段我会觉得在结构加固我们这方面的研究也应借此作为主要的突破方向。关键词：混凝土结构加固砌体式结构钢筋结构加固 1 混凝土结构加固 混凝土结构的加固分为直接加固，并加强间接两种，在设计时可根据实际条件和使用要求选择适宜的方法和必要的技术。1.1 直接加固的一般方法 1放大段加固法 添加混凝土现浇钢筋发生水平弯曲受压区混凝土构件，可能会增加局部有效高度，扩大截面面积，从而提高了组件的右侧局部反弯，斜截面抗切割能力局部刚度，起到加固补强的作用。在适当的肌肉范围，改变混凝土弯曲的组件的右侧局部配套能力，随着钢筋面积和强度的提高增加。在原来的组件的右侧局部钢筋的比例不太高的情况，增加了主要加固面积有可能提出的高原组件的右侧局部抗弯曲能力，有效地支持。拉一节中，通过新的加拿大局部和原构件共同工作的领域添加现浇现浇混凝土外套组成局部增加，但提高了有效成分的配套能力，改善正常的经营业绩。放大段加固法施工工艺简单，兼容，并具有成熟的设计和施工经验，在梁，板，柱，墙和一般结构用混凝土加固;但现场施工的湿作业时间长，对生产与生活有一定的影响，并加强建筑清拆后有一定减少。2置换混凝土加固法 该法与放大优点的局部方法被关闭，并经过加强的，不影响建筑物的清拆，但同样存在施工湿作业时间长的缺点;适合偏低或有混凝土承运人等严重缺陷梁，柱受压区混凝土强度的钢筋。3粘结外包段加固法 外包头钢铁厂强化是在局部或钢板包裹是钢筋构件的外，境外包头钢铁厂强化钢筋混凝土梁使用湿外包法律一般，即采用环氧树脂化中的牛奶等上与方法，以加强段施工委员会蛋糕一个整体，加固后的组件，因为是压缩钢横截面面积大幅度提高拉，所以右侧局部配套能力和局部刚性大幅度的提高。该法还表示，包头钢铁厂外湿加固法，应力可靠，施工简便，现场工作量小，但与钢材数量大，不宜在上面，在非 600用途，保护的形势高温场所;适合不允许在使用明显增加原构件截面尺寸，但要求以增强其承载能力的大型混凝土结构的加固。4粘钢加固法 外面的钢筋弯曲混凝土构件粘钢加固是 右边局部被拉到在组件配套能力缺乏，扇形的面积，右侧局部受压区或斜截面 外表胶钢板，这样可以提高是增强组件的配套能力，和施工方便。8 该法施工速度快，现场工作或不湿上只有少数湿抹灰工程等，对生产与生活的影响小，经过加强的，是不显着原有结构的外观和原定清拆影响，但加固效果是决定由胶粘工艺和操作水平很大程度上，是在适宜的承受静态函数，而在正常的湿度环境是弯曲或拉构件加固。5粘胶纤维增强塑料加固法 外贴纤维加固与胶结材料粘贴在该组件是加强该地区的拉纤维增强复合材料，使其与一节加强联合工作，到达磨练组件承载能力的目的。除了具有类似胶水的钢板的优点，又具有防腐泥泞，耐潮湿，不增加自身结构重量近，耐用，维护费用低等优点，但需要特殊的防火处理，是适合各种应力混凝土结构构件的性质和一般建设。此法的优点和缺点与扩大局部将接近法是适用于钢筋混凝土结构构件的斜截面承载力缺乏，或必须施加横向约束力的挤压成员的情况。6缫丝法 此法的优点和缺点与扩大局部将接近法是适用于钢筋混凝土结构构件的斜截面承载力缺乏，或必须施加横向约束力的挤压成员的情况。7锚杆锚固法方 这项法律是在适宜的混凝土强度等级为 C20 的混凝土C60 的承重成员改造，加固，它已经不适合上述结构，素质结构，光认真适合很体面。1.2 间接加固的一般方法 1预应力加固法 1Thepre，强调加强横向拉杆弯曲混凝土的成员，因为前强调，增加外部装入拉杆的共同作用，有轴向张力，通过杆结束这一局部的人数上的偏心传输锚当拉杆与梁底部外表紧密贴合板，拉杆可以寻找调整与组件一起，这股热潮已分压传输组件底部外表直接，在组件中的偏心压缩功能，这个功能已经克服弯矩以外的局部负荷生产外荷载效应降低，从而激化组件的抗弯曲能力。同时，由于拉杆传递给组件的压力的作用，组件裂纹的开展可以缓解，控制，斜截面反减的配套能力也增强与它一起。作为水平提升干的函数的结果，原来的组件的局部由收到弯曲应力的特点变成了偏心受压，因此，在加固，组件的配套能力，主要是在弯曲决定的条件下，原始组件的配套能力。2在钢筋混凝土构件在使用前强调，要支持类型拉杆加固决定，形成一个由组件和加强支持下的复合超静定结构体系的类型拉杆组成，下外荷载和预应力的综合作用，在拉杆具有轴力，并通过与组件的结合的是增强了组件站点发送未来支持和极端锚固点，已超出局部的负载反平衡，改变了原有构件截面内生力特性，从而激化组件的承载能力。此法可减少是钢筋构件的应力水平，不仅使加固效果好，而且还能大范围提高结构的整体配套能力，但经过加固，有一定的影响，对原结构外观，适合作为以及在高压力，高紧张状态混凝土构件的加固，在大跨度或重型结构加固，但在非保护的情况下，不能使用在上述环境中的 600的温度，也没有适宜的用途不断变化的混凝土收缩大结构。2增加配套加固法 此外支点加固法的通过在弯曲有效跨度减少成员，到达减少功能，是在组件上进行效果增强，提高了结构承载水平的目的。该法简单可靠，但容易损害建筑物的原貌和使用功能，可能并减少使用空间;是在混凝土结构加固混凝土许可期限适宜。与混凝土结构加固改造配套使用的技术 1.3Has 一般 1行业的技术要求 这是托梁或桁架翻开列或墙，终端的托梁和托梁和柱行业的技术叫一般左右;属于一种综合技术由相关结构加固，上层建筑违背与上升重新定位以及放弃等部件拆卸组成技术，适合在有建筑物的加固改造;与传统做法相比，具有施工时间短，费用低，影响和对案情非 9 常轻微对生活和生产，但高到标准，必须完成由熟练的工人，可以确保平安。2植物的肌肉技术 这是一项很简单和直接的混凝土结构，有效连接和锚固技术;可植入普通钢筋，也可植入螺栓式锚肌肉;已广泛应用在了建筑物的加固改造工程，例如：在施工中泄漏埋钢筋或钢筋偏离设计位置的复苏，组件增加了段加固来弥补肌肉，上层建筑扩大交叉，对上升去梁，柱的通过参加延长，房子叠加终端和层高层建筑剪力墙除了植物的肌肉等。3裂缝修补技术 根据混凝土裂缝的原因，性质和规模，使用印章不同的保护方法进行修补，一种技能，会导致结构，因为打击减少使用功能，和耐久性能恢复;适合于有在建筑物裂缝处理每一种，但对应力裂纹修补之外，还应该使用相应的加固措施。内部修补法与强制泵压混凝土胶凝材料的裂纹，呈现年轻或行动和未来一代缝合功能，使得通过其胶结恢复原来的结构的完整性，这种方法是适宜的裂缝开口大，耐用等有影响的结构完整性和平安性，或有防水防渗修补裂缝要求等。4碳化混凝土修复技术 它是指通过恢复到混凝土的碱度灭活或增加其阻抗，使钢筋产生腐蚀，碳化技术得到遏制。5混凝土外表处理技术 它是指采用混凝土外表的污渍清理，油痕，残以及其他附件和化学法，机械法，喷砂法，真空清洗方法，注射的方法技巧等。6凝血地幔土壤密封技术 它是指用灵活的方法和密封剂回填等，聚合物灌浆，漆膜进行的混凝土防水，防潮和防止裂缝处理技术。像结构，组件技术的转移，调整结构基频技术等。7其他技术 像结构，组件技术的转移，调整结构基频技术等。2 砌体式结构 砌体式结构加固方法：砌体式结构的加固补强到时直接和间接地分为两种强化，设计，可根据实际条件和使用要求选择适宜的方法。2.1 适合于砌体式结构直接加固方法 1外部钢筋混凝土叠合层加固法 该法属于复合段加固方法的一种。其优点是施工工艺简单，兼容，后砌体式加固，配套能力已大大提高，并具有成熟的设计和施工经验，在列，带墙壁加固适宜，它的缺点是现场施工湿作业时间长，对生产与生活有一定的影响，并加强建筑清拆后有一定减少。2在境外的钢筋混凝土叠合层砂浆加固法 该法属于复合段加固方法的一种。它的优点和外部的钢筋混凝土叠合层加固法相近，但提高配套能力不如前者;是在砌体式挡土墙加固适宜，有时还使用钢筋混凝土外的加层加固时带从事柱壁在墙上的两个马镫把密封面。3除持有从事柱加固法 该法扩大了局部属于一种加固方法。其优点是加层加固法也是密切与钢筋混凝土以外，但配套能力增强局限的，难以满足抗震要求，一般只在 peneseismic 国家申请。2.2 适合于砌体式结构的间接加固方法 1非结块外包段加固法 该法属于传统的加固方法，其优点是结构简单，现场的工作负荷和湿工作少，强调的是更可靠;适合在不允许增加原构件截面尺寸，其实要求提高局部配套能力的大型砌体式柱的加固，其缺点是费用高的钢筋，而必须使用类似钢结构的防护措施。10 2预应力加固法撑杆跳高 此法可大范围锐化砌体式柱的承载能力，加固效果可靠，适用于处理高压力，高紧张状态砌体，在钢筋结构加固，其缺点不能使用的温度 600以上的环境中。
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