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虚拟语气虚拟语气语气的种类u 陈说语气：表示动作或形状是现实的，确定的或符合现实的，用于陈说句，疑问句和某些感慨句。u We are not ready.u Did it rain all day yesterday?u How a fine day it is!u 祈使语气：表说话人的建议，恳求，约请，命令等。u Be carefully!u Dont forget to close the window!u Open the door,please?u 虚拟语气：表动作或形状不是客观存在现实，而是说话人的客观愿望，假设或推测等。u If I were you,I would study English.u I wish you chould go with me.u May you succeed!1一.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件句有两类，真实的条件句和虚拟的条件句条件句有两类，真实的条件句和虚拟的条件句真实的条件句：假设的情况有能够发生，谓语用陈说语气。真实的条件句：假设的情况有能够发生，谓语用陈说语气。If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go to the park.If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go to the park.虚拟条件句：假设过去如今都不存在，或者未来不大可虚拟条件句：假设过去如今都不存在，或者未来不大可 能发生的情况能发生的情况If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about homework.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主语和从句的谓语中都要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气从句和主句的动词方式列表如下表示与如今现实相反的假设和结表示与如今现实相反的假设和结果果If I were you,I should/would/chould/might tell him the truthIf he had time,he should/would/chould/might go with you.If my brother were here,everything would be If my brother were here,everything would be all right.all right.2.与过去现实相反的假设或结果与过去现实相反的假设或结果If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt/shouldnt/couldnt/might have failed in the exam.If I had had the money last week,I should/would/chould/might have bought a car.If she had won the game,she would/chould/might have telephoned you immediately.3.表示与未来现实相反的结果或假设表示与未来现实相反的结果或假设If it were saturday tomorrow,I would go to the Jingsan Road to shop.If it were to snow this evening,they would not to go out.If it should rain,the crops would/chould/might be saved.4.主从句的动作发生的时间不一致的情况主从句的动作发生的时间不一致的情况有时候条件从句中的动作与主语从句中的动作发生的时间，有时候条件从句中的动作与主语从句中的动作发生的时间，这时候动词的方式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整这时候动词的方式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整If you had listened to the doctors,you would be all right now.If you had practised speaking English more,you would be able to speak it fluently.二.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在在“Its important/strange/natural/necessary that这类这类句型中，句型中，that一道的主语从句中的谓语一道的主语从句中的谓语 动词常用动词常用should+动动词原形词原形“构造，表示重要构造，表示重要“奇异奇异“自然自然“必要必要“等意义等意义It is important that every member(should)inform himself of this rules.It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.It is very strange that she (should)have left without saying goodbye.三三.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句表示与如今或过去的现实相反，或对未来的客观愿望，表示与如今或过去的现实相反，或对未来的客观愿望，从句中从句中 通常省略连词通常省略连词that.(1)(1)对如今情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进展时对如今情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进展时bebe动词普通用动词普通用werewereI wish I knew the answer to the qustion.I wish I knew the answer to the qustion.How I wish I were a bird.How I wish I were a bird.2)2)对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had+“had+过去分词过去分词I wish hadnt spent so much money.I wish hadnt spent so much money.He wish he had not lost the chances.He wish he had not lost the chances.3)3)对未来的客观愿望：从句动词方式用对未来的客观愿望：从句动词方式用“would+“would+动动词原形词原形I wish it would stop raining.I wish it would stop raining.I wish you would come soon.I wish you would come soon.2.2.在建议在建议advise/recommend/suggest/proposeadvise/recommend/suggest/propose要求要求(demand/command/require/insist)(demand/command/require/insist)命令命令orderorder等动词的宾语从句中，谓语动词用等动词的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+“should+动词原形动词原形I suggest that we(should)set off at once.I demand that the work(should)be done immediately.The students insisted that they(should)have more English classes.四四.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法1.1.在在even if/though even if/though 引导的退让状语从句的主从复合句中：引导的退让状语从句的主从复合句中：主句和从句都有虚拟语气，动词方式含有虚拟条件句的虚拟主句和从句都有虚拟语气，动词方式含有虚拟条件句的虚拟语气一样语气一样Even if Lintao were here,I should say the same thing.Even though he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.2,由由as if 或或as though 引导的方式或比引导的方式或比较状语从句时，从句的谓语动词为过去较状语从句时，从句的谓语动词为过去式式be用用were或或“had+过去分词过去分词He treats me as if I were his own child.She talked about the movie as if she had really seen it.3.在在in order that或或so that 引导的目的状语从句中，谓引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用语动词多用“chould/might(有时也用有时也用should)+动词原形动词原形Mr Green spoken slowly so that his student could/might hear clearly.They are climbing higher in order that they chould/might get a better view.注：在注：在in case,for fear(that),lest等引导的从句中，谓语动词用等引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动动词原形，词原形，in case 引导的从句还常用陈说语气，引导的从句还常用陈说语气，for fear that引导的从句谓语引导的从句谓语动词还可以用情态动词动词还可以用情态动词may might或或wouldShe took her raincoat with her in case/for fear that/lest she(should)be caught in the rain.Remind me of it in case I(should)forget.五五.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法在在“It is time(that).句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语句型中，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示未来，动词方式用过去式或气表示未来，动词方式用过去式或“should+动词原形，意动词原形，意思是该做什么的时候了思是该做什么的时候了It is we went to bed.Its(high)time we did our homework.六六.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气在简单句中的用法1.情态动词的过去式用于如今时态表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼情态动词的过去式用于如今时态表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中貌或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中It would be better for you if you not to stay up too late.Would you kind enough to open the door.2.在一些习惯表达中在一些习惯表达中 Youd better go now.I would rather not tell you.3.用用“May+动词原形表示动词原形表示“祝愿，祝愿，“但愿，但愿，may置置于句首于句首May you be happy!May good luck be yours!七七.虚拟语气可以转换的方式虚拟语气可以转换的方式1.省略省略if连词，假设虚拟语气中有连词，假设虚拟语气中有were,should或或had,可以省可以省略略if,把这几个词放在主语前，构成主谓倒装把这几个词放在主语前，构成主谓倒装 If he should come,tell him to ring me up.If I were you,I would not do it.If he had more careful,such mistakes chould have been avoided.!在虚拟条件句中，省略连词的倒装方式，其句首不能用动词的缩略式If it werent for the expense,I would go to Paris.Werent it for the expense,I would go to Paris.()Were it not for the expense,I would go to Paris.2.用介词短语来替代条件状语从句，有时假设的用介词短语来替代条件状语从句，有时假设的情况并不用条件从句来表示，而经过介词短语情况并不用条件从句来表示，而经过介词短语Without air,there would be no living things.=?But for you,I chouldnt have do it.=?*假设的情况有时经过上假设的情况有时经过上下文看得出来下文看得出来I was busy that day,otherwise,I would have gone with you.I would have finished the work,but I had been ill.七七.省略条件从句或主语从句的虚拟语气省略条件从句或主语从句的虚拟语气表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但含表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但含义仍可推知义仍可推知You chould have washed your clothes yourself.If only she had not left.If only the wind would stop!If my grandmother were here with me.
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