现在分词和过去分词的用法异同

非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-Ing形式形式-ed分词分词 现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰修饰 noise 的分词短语；再根据句意的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应应选选B。2.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成来说只能是被动承受，且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。因此，因此，该题应该题应选选C。3.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak简析：该题应简析：该题应选选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句语从句 which is spoken4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句从句 who were invited5.Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句从句who were invited6.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可以用非限制性定语从句可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替代替7.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句从句which were written 分词作表语时，它起着分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。形容词的作用。分词作表语时，句子的分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。生。1.This news sounds _.A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再根据在此句中用作连系动词；再根据 The news 对于动词对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应该题应选选A。2.-How did Bob do in the exams this time?-Well,his father seems _ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please 简析：首先简析：首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语。因为待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词在此句中用作连系动词;再根据再根据 his father 对于动词对于动词 please 来来说应是被动关系说应是被动关系,即这个结果使他的父亲高兴即这个结果使他的父亲高兴;换言之换言之,他的父亲因他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此,该题应该题应选选C。3.-How did the audience receive the new play?-They got very _.A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。分词在复合宾语中可作宾语分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。分词作宾语补足语时，句子分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。发生。1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说补充说明宾语明宾语 the man;再根据宾语再根据宾语 the man 对于动词对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关来说应是主动关系系,而且而且,lie 这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此同时进行。因此,该题应该题应选选A。2.-Good morning.Can I help you?-Id like to have the package _,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed 简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补,补充说补充说明宾语明宾语 the package;再根据再根据 the package 对于动词对于动词 weigh 来说来说,只能只能是被动关系。因此，该题应是被动关系。因此，该题应选选D。3.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.sailing C.to sail D.to have sailed 简析简析:该题应该题应选选B。测试动词测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词后要求跟动名词,Peter 是动是动名词的逻辑主语。名词的逻辑主语。4.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 简析简析:该题应该题应选选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。发出的动作。分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。前或同时发生。1.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据再根据 European football 对于对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选选A。2._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选C。测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。4.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 简析：该题应简析：该题应选选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若进行干扰。若B 答案为答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。时也对。另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时，也可把此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。)例例:The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的而不是句子的主语主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie 来说，只能是被动承来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应受。因此，该题应选选D。1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job.A.him to give up B.him to have given up C.his giving up D.his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman.A.her marry B.her to marry C.her being married D.her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left.A.there being not B.there not being C.not there being D.there was not4.If you think a letter is too slow,why not _ a telegram?A.try to have sent B.trying to send C.to try to send D.try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today.A.in seeing B.to seeing C.of seeing D.about seeing 6.I know you like _.Would you like _ with me now?A.to swim,to swim B.swimming,swimmingC.swimming,to swim D.to swim,swimming7.Before _,the machine must be checked.A.being used B.using it C.being used to D.using 8.To give up _ means _.A.smoking,stopping smoking B.smoking,to stop smoking C.to smoke,to stop to smoke D.to smoke,stopping to smoke9.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _ a second time.A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.being read 10.“What has made you so upset?”“_ my new bike.”A.Lost B.Because of losing C.Since I lost D.Losing 11.I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A.to take B.taking C.having taking D.having been taken 12.Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries,but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A.driving,drive B.drive,drive C.drive,driving D.driving,driving13.He remained _ there,for he grew _ in many things there.A.staying,interesting B.staying,interested C.to stay,interest D.stayed,interested14.It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop skill in understanding and _.A.being understood B.to be understood C.understand D.understood15._ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings.A.To plant,pollute B.Planting,to pollute C.Plant,polluting D.Planting,polluting 16.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 17.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking18.“The light in the office is still on.”“Oh,I forgot _.”A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off19.“I must apologize for _ ahead of time.”“Thats all right.”A.letting you not know B.not letting you knowC.letting you know not D.letting not you know20.It happened _ when I left the station,so I had to wait until the rain stopped.A.to be raining B.to have rained C.to rain D.raining 21._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given22.Climbing mountains was _,so we all felt _.A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired23.The _ morning,the father came into the lonely house,_ by his naughty boy.A.following;following B.followed;followed C.following;followed D.followed;following24._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more magnificent.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen25.Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery.A.looked;taken B.looking;taken C.looked;took D.looking;taking 26.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home,but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing27._ better attention,the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light.A.Giving;given B.Given;given C.Giving;giving D.Given;giving28._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held29._ but he still could not understand it.A.Told many times B.Having been told many timesC.He has been told many times D.Though he had been told many times30.On hearing the _ news,I was too _ to sleep.A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited