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equal i:kwl adj.相等的，平等的相等的，平等的 vt.等于，比得上等于，比得上 n.同辈，平等，同辈，平等，(同等的同等的)人或事物人或事物Eg:1)Women demand equal pay for equal work.妇女要求同工同酬。妇女要求同工同酬。2)He feels that they are his equals.他觉得他们和他地位相等。他觉得他们和他地位相等。3)None of us can equal her,either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。【语法用法语法用法】equal作为动词时，属于及物动词后面作为动词时，属于及物动词后面可直接加宾语，不需要加介词可直接加宾语，不需要加介词 eg:One plus ones equals two.2.be equal to表示表示“与与相等，相等，能胜任能胜任”，其中，其中equal为形容词，为形容词，介词介词to不可省略。不可省略。eg:One plus one is equal to two.3.be equal in表示表示“在某方面相等在某方面相等”如如be equal in price可解释为可解释为“在价格上相等在价格上相等”；4.equal解释为解释为“胜任胜任”时，时，后可接后可接to和动名词，不可接不定式。和动名词，不可接不定式。eg:I am equal to performing this duty.我能胜任这个责任。我能胜任这个责任。错句举例与错句分析：错句举例与错句分析：翻译翻译:你认为你可以胜任这项任你认为你可以胜任这项任 务吗？务吗？错句错句:Do you think you are equal in the task?订正订正:Do you think you are equal to the task?【词义辨析】match,equal,rival这些动词均含“相称、比得上、与相比”之意。match:指对手之间力量、强度、性能指对手之间力量、强度、性能或利益等的较量或竞争。或利益等的较量或竞争。equal:指在数量、价值或程度等方面指在数量、价值或程度等方面已完全相等。已完全相等。rival:指某人或某物在和对手竞争中指某人或某物在和对手竞争中，在能力、质量等方面都能与之相匹，在能力、质量等方面都能与之相匹敌，都能比得上。敌，都能比得上。vicar vik n.教区牧师，教教区牧师，教堂牧师，传教牧师堂牧师，传教牧师 eg:He is vicar of a large rural parish.他是农村一大牧区的牧师。他是农村一大牧区的牧师。Raise reiz n.上升，增高上升，增高;高地高地 vt.升起，举起，饲养升起，举起，饲养;提出，引起提出，引起Eg:Its difficult raising a family on a small income.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.她举起一根手指放在唇边，示意肃静她举起一根手指放在唇边，示意肃静 错句举例与错句分析：它会慢慢的变得过热而且它的呼错句举例与错句分析：它会慢慢的变得过热而且它的呼吸频率和温度会开始上升。吸频率和温度会开始上升。错句错句:It will slowly start to overheat and its respiration rate and its temperature will start to raise.订正订正:It will slowly start to overheat and its respiration rate and its temperature will start to rise.分析分析:raise是及物动词，后面要加宾语，应改为不及物动是及物动词，后面要加宾语，应改为不及物动词词rise。【词义辨析词义辨析】arise,rise,raise,lift 这些动词均这些动词均 有有“上升，举起上升，举起”arise:书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修辞色彩。特殊的修辞色彩。rise:普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。高移动。raise:及物动词常用词多指把某物从低处升到及物动词常用词多指把某物从低处升到高处有时作引申用。高处有时作引申用。lift:语气比语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。或抬起某物。torchlight t:tlait n.电筒光电筒光 torch bearer 火炬手 持火炬的运动员 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another,but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.used to：过去常常做，=One night,however,our vicar work up with a start:the clock was striking the hours!Looking at his watch,he saw that it was one oclock,but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.Armed with a torch,the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.In the torchlight,he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins,our local grocer.recognized somebody as认出某人是 Im trying to repair the bell,answered Bill.Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now.You see,I was hoping to give you a surprise.You certainly did give me a surprise!said the vicar.Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.Still,Im glad the bell is working again.肯定句中常用 do 加强语气和情感色彩一定要位于动词原形之前 用于句首,用逗号分隔开来,表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此,但是 Thats the trouble,vicar,answered Bill.Its working all right,but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it.get used to that,Bill,said the vicar.Thirteen is not as good as one,but its better than nothing.Now lets go downstairs and have a cup o 1.现在进行时和 always 等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩 Eg:Tom is always doing homework.汤姆总是做家庭作业(怎么也做不完)。Tom always does his homework.汤姆总是做家庭作业(不拖欠作业)。He is always making noises.他总是吵吵闹闹，真烦人。.2.one or another：表示这样或那样-for one reason or another处于这样或那样的原因-at one time or another 在这样或那样的时间-in one way or another 用这样或那样的方法get enough money to do sth募集足够的资金做某事-I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.3.have something done1找某人来做某事-have the plane repaired /-have hair cut2某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）-His wallet was stolen.He had his wallet stolen.分词作状语的理解技巧分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。历年的考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。一、用作时间状语1.典型例句Seeing the cat,the mouse ran off.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished,he went home.工作做完后，他就回家了。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat,it ran off.After the work was finished,he went home.When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.compared B.being comparedC.comparing D.having compared 【分析】分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures二、用作原因状语1.典型例句Being very weak,she couldnt move.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。His car broken down,he had to walk.他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged,she moved on to London.她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as,because,since,now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：As she was very weak,she couldnt move.Because his car broken was down,he had to walk.Because she was much discouraged,she moved on to London.(1)_ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face【分析】现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。(2)_ for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed【分析】现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network 四、用作让步状语1.典型例句 Although living miles away,he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated,he remained a popular boxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though,although,no matter等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away,he attended the course.Thought he was defeated,he remained a popular boxer.No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performed【分析】现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”五、用作伴随状语1.典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Dont you sit there doing nothing.别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in,followed by his wife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。2.理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。(1)Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing(2)My cousin came to see me from the country,_ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A.brought B.bringing C.to bring D.had brought(3)Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said(4)We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought 六、用作方式状语 1.典型例句 He earns a living driving a truck.他靠开卡车谋取生。Im returning you letter as requested.我按要求给你退信。2.理解技巧 分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较 接近。有时用作方式状 语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的 结构，如上面第一句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck.七、用作结果状语1.典型例句He fired,killing one of the passers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。He died,leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。It rained and rained,vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by.He died and left his wife with five children.It rained and rained,and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out(1)He glanced over at her,_ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.A.noting B.noted C.to note D.having noted【分析】此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.(2)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B.reachingC.to reach D.to be reaching【分析】此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.三、用作条件状语1.典型例句Working hard,you will succeed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up,we can find the answer.如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。Given more time,we could have done it better.如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard,you will succeed.If we add them all up,we can find the answer.If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.If we had been given more time,we could have done it better._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given【分析】give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard,you will succeed.If we add them all up,we can find the answer.If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.If we had been given more time,we could have done it better._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given【分析】give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。30Thank you for listening
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