虚拟语气思维导图.ppt

虚拟语气 表主观愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。 相对条件 虚拟语气 1.wish 引导的从句 2. if only引导的从句 3.as if/even if引导的从句 4. would rather +从句 5. it is high time that从句 6. It is necessary that从句 7.suggest 等词后的 that从句 1 明显条件句 (由 if条件句 )/even if/even through 含蓄条件句 (由 but, but for， or， otherwise， without 引导的条件） did/were had done would / might /could do (should ) do 绝 对 条 件 虚 拟 语 气 did/were 现在，将来 had done sb did sth/ should do sth， should 不可省 在状语从 句中 其他特殊 句型中 在 名词性从 句中 条件句中 虚拟语气 与过去相反 与现在相反 与将来相反 Its time that Would rather If only What if 目的状语从句 方式状语从句 明显虚拟条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 Clara 时态 条件从句 的谓语形式 主句 的谓语形式 与 现在 事 实相反 If 主语 did/were 主语 should/would/could/ might + do 与 将来 事 实相反 If 主语 did/were should do were to do 与 过去 事 实相反 If 主语 had done 主语 should/would/could/ might+ have done 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 .如果我有一百万美元，我就会 If I had one million dollars, I would 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的 。 If I had married her, I would have been unhappy. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 (通常有时间状语 ) 3.如果他明天来的话 ,我会告诉他 . If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him. 常用的提示词有： but, but for, or， only， otherwise, without, but that(若不 )等 。 _the leadership of the Party , we could not live a happy life today . = If it were not for the leadership of the Party , I was busy that day . _( = If I had not been busy )I would have come to see you . _(= If there were no music), the world would be a dull place. 含蓄条件虚拟语气句 But for Otherwise Without music Clara 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 主句 从句 主语 从句 It is suggested /ordered/ demanded/insisted It is important/natural. It is a pity/no wonder that +S.+(should)do 宾语 从句 sb. wish did/were S + had done would / might/could do Sb. suggest/demand/ order/ advise that +S.+(should)do 表语 从句 My suggestion/order/ demand/request /proposal is that +S.+(should)do 同位 语从 句 We agreed to his suggestion/order/dem and/proposal that +S.+(should)do 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 在一个坚持（ insist） ,两个命令（ order, command, 三个建议（ suggest, advise, propose） ,四个要求 （ ask,demand request, require）等动词后的宾语 从句中，谓语动词用“ (should)动词原形”，表示 建议、要求、命令等。 学生们坚持要多上英语课。 The students insisted that they (should) have more English classes. 以上这些动词的 名词形式 后面的 表语从句 和 同位语从句 中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原 . 的形式出现。 eg. His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即 （ should） +动词原形 我们很有必要 /重要掌握一门外语 It is important / necessary that we ( should ) master a foreign language. I wish I remembered the address. 我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了） I wish he had not left. 要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开） I wish it would rain tomorrow. 要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨） wish + that clause did/were had done would / might /could do wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 Clara 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 主 句 从句 方式状 语从句 did/were as if/as though S + had done would /might/could do 目的状 语从句 in order that so that +S.+should+would+ in case might/could do for fear that 由 as if(as though) 引导的状语从句，从句谓语形式为 动词的过去式（ be用 were）或“ had过去分词”。 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treats me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。 She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 他如此努力的学英语，就好像要去美国一样 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA. 注意 :如果表示的事情可能会发生 ,从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。 It seems as if it is going to rain soon. as if (as though) 引导的状语从句 Clara 虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法 1.Its high time that +S.+did/should do 2. I would rather that +S+did/had done 3. If only 同 wish 4. What if +S. should do If only 引导的条件句 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! had rather， would rather用一般过去式表示现 在或将来情况，用过去完成式表示过去情况 。 Id rather you didnt make any comment on it. Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. 在 It is（ high about） time that引导的从句 中，动词用一般过去式或 should do来表示虚拟。 Clara 交叉虚拟语气 条件从句 所表示的动作与主句所表示的动作发生的时间不一致 （如一个发生在过去，另一个发生在现在）。这时，我们要根据具 体时间来调整动词的相应形式。 If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell， you _ now A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled C. wont smile D. didnt smile 条件状语的倒装： 如果条件状语中有 were, had, should时 , 可以倒 装成： Were / Should / Had +主 +其他 Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. Clara