阅读理解中的非谓语动词

阅读理解中的非谓语动词阅读理解是高考英语的重头戏，它主要测试考生掌握和理解所读材料的能力，就是测试考生直接运用英语的能力；目前高考英语阅读理解共设五篇文章，其分值约占高考英语总分的三分之一。这就要求我们除了要掌握扎实的语法知识，更要注意加强语篇能力的培养。大量的阅读是提高阅读能力的基础，掌握相关题型及解题策略是提高解题能力的关键。没有足够的阅读量，就无法掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读水平。非谓语动词在阅读理解中的篇章中出现的非常频繁，能不能掌握它，对整个阅读部分的影响是至关重要的。如果在一篇阅读理解的文章中，我们不能分清句子里哪些动词是谓语动词哪些是非谓语动词，哪些成分是句子的主干，哪些是分支，那将对我们更好的理解作者的写作意图造成非常大的障碍，也就会直接导致大量的丢分现象。完成下面阅读理解并翻译有关非谓语动词的划线部分文字：2008全国卷1第三部分阅读理解（共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago,andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends. Myearliestmemoriesofmyfatherareatall,handsome,successfulmandevotedtohisworkandhisfamily,butuncomfortablewithhischildren.AsachildIlovedhim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightAsandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas“successful”ashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay,feelingonguard.Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfathersfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafe.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermysonsfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfatherscritical（挑剔的）airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?Thenextdaydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovertheyears,Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears,Imatlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.Andinsodoing,Imdelightedwithmynewfriend.Mydad,inhisnewhomeinArizona,isbacktomefromwherehewas.56. Whydidtheauthorfeelbitteraboutherfatherasayoungadult?A. Hewassilentmostofthetime.B. Hewastooproudofhimself.C. Hedidnotlovehischildren.D. Heexpectedtoomuchofher.【标准答案】D【试题解析】从文章第二段HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightAsandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotassuccessfulashewas.可知作者父亲以前对她要求很严格。如果自己成绩不好，或者男朋友们的父亲不和他一样“成功”，他就不高兴。【高考考点】细节理解题。57. Whentheauthorwentoutwithherfatheronweekend,shewouldfeel.对应 .A.nervousB.sorryC.tiredD.safe【标准答案】A【试题解析】从文章第二段最后一句WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay,feelingonguard.可知周末自己和父亲出门，自己总是要想好对策，提防着父亲对自己发难。【高考考点】推理判断题。58. WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?对应和A.Morecritical.B.MoretalkativeC.Gentleandfriendly.D.Strictandhard-working.【标准答案】C【试题解析】从第三段的内容Wewalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermysonsfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfatherscritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.可知自己和儿子与父亲及他的一位朋友外出后，发现他也再没有以前那种挑剔的神色和严格的规矩，变得有绅士风度和和蔼可亲了。【高考考点】推理判断题。59. Theunderlinedwords“mynewfriend”inthelastparagraphreferto.A.theauthorssonB.theauthorsfatherC.thefriendoftheauthorsfatherD.thecafeowner【标准答案】B【试题解析】时过多年，自己终于发现了父亲的另一面，对父亲有了新的认识。mynewfriend前后都提到了myfather(dad)可知mynewfriend就是作者的父亲。【高考考点】词义猜测题。思考题：请按照如下提示分析第和句的句子成分，并翻译： 不定式状语 过去分词作定语 不定式作宾语、定语和现在分词作状语 动名词的特殊用法 过去分词作表语的倒装句型 现在分词作表语和不定式作宾补 过去分词作表语2008全国卷1C本文主要讲述如何提高钓到的小鱼放养成活率。Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdontwanttotakeithometoeat.Insomecases,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwillhelpkeepfishvarietyandbuildtheirpopulationsize.TheDepartmentofGameandInlandFisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releasefishingtouseafewsimpleskillswhendoingso.Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvive（存活）tobiteagainanotherday.Whencatchingafish,playitquicklyandkeepthefishinthewaterasmuchaspossible.Dontuseanetinlandingthefishandreleaseitquicklytopreventitfromdying.Holdthefishgently.Donotputyourfingersinitseyes.Dontwipethescales（鱼鳞）offthefishbecauseitmightcauseittodevelopadiseaseandreduceitschaneeofsurvival.Removeyourhook（鱼钩）quickly.Ifthehookistoodeeporhookedinthestomach,cutthelineandleavethehookin.Thehookleftinsidewillcausenoseriousproblemtothefish.Takegoodcareofthefishbymovingitgentlyinwater.Releasethefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.Donotholdfishinabucketorsomeothercontainersandlaterdecidetoreleaseit.Ifyouaregoingtoreleaseafish,dosorightaway.Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleasedfishabetterchanceofsurvival.64. Peoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausethey.对应A.dontwantittodieB.hopeitwillgrowquicklyC.dontwanttohaveitasfoodD.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills【标准答案】C【试题解析】从文章第一段的语句Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdontwanttotakeithometoeat.可知钓到的鱼太小，不想带回家煮着吃。【高考考点】细节理解题。65. Whichofthefollowingwillprobablymakeafishill?对应A.Takingthehookoffit.B.Removingitsscales.C.TouchingitsevesD.Holdingitinyourhand.【标准答案】B【试题解析】从文中第二条建议Dontwipethescales（鱼鳞）offthefishbecauseitmightcauseittodevelopadiseaseandreduceitschaneeofsurvival.可知刮掉鱼鳞会让鱼生病,减少成活的机会。【高考考点】细节理解题。66. Aproperwaytoreleaseafishisto.对应A.moveitinwatertillitcanswimB.takethehookoutofitsstomachC.keepitinabucketforsometimeD.letitstrugglealittleinyourhand【标准答案】A【试题解析】从第四条建议Releasethefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.可知答案,其余三种情况都是错误的做法。【高考考点】细节判断题。67. Whatisthepurposeofthetest?对应和A.Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing.B.Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.C.Toencouragepeopletosetfishfree.D.Togiveadviceonhowtoreleasefish.【标准答案】D【试题解析】从文章第一段最后一句Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvive（存活）tobiteagainanotherday.（中心句）及文章最后一段的总结句Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleasedfishabetterchaneeofsurvival.可知写这篇文章的目的是就如何放养钓到的小鱼,使他们的成活率更高提出了一些建议。【高考考点】推测作者的写作意图题。思考题：请按照如下提示分析第句的句子成分，并翻译： 不定式作主语、宾语和状语 动名词作主语和不定式作宾语 不定式作宾补、动名词作宾语和现在分词作状语 过去分词作定语、不定式作宾语 现在分词作状语、动名词作宾补 不定式作宾补 过去分词作定语 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语 介词后用动名词以及过去分词作定语