考研英语真题80-99年

1980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of Prepositions在所给的介词中选择一个适当的填入空白：(本大题共5分，每题3分)(注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分)to, at, instead of, from, of, with, on, among, between, because of, about, for into, with regard to, over1. The findings are far satisfactory.2. We shall divide the work us research workers.3. The rainy season in that country varies 3-4 months.4. They have never heard such an invention.5. We must pay attention the latest development of the situation.6. The newly-installed control computer will soon be put use.7. The news which 1 am going to tell you is rather serious.8. The engineer seemed to know what the sign stood.9. The machine tool went out of control mishandling,10. Dont be satisfied what you have achieved.Section II Verb Tenses用所给动词的适当时态语态填入空白：(本大题共10分，第7题2分，其余各题均1分)注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分)11. Those whod like to visit the exhibition(sign) your names here.12. A great number of small power stations(set up) in their county since liberation.13. He asked me whether my brother(fly) to Beijing.14. He fell asleep immediately last night; he must(be) very tired.15. Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The rooms(paint)/,16. The director recommended that she(study) more English before going abroad.17. The teacher told them since light(travel) faster than sound, lightning(appear) to go before thunder.18. How long they(dig) the ditch?19. He refused to tell us whether he(undertake) the job.Section III Verb Forms用所给动词的适当形式(不定式、分词、动名词)填入空白：(本大题共15分，卷题分)(注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分)20. Matter is the name(give) to everything which has weight and occupies space.21. I shall never forget(meet) the late Premier Zhou during his inspection of our factory.22. I wonder if he could get it(do) before tomorrow.23. Night(fall), we hurried home.24. A beam of light will not bend round comers unless(make) to do so with the help of a reflecting device.25. We were busy(get) things ready for the trial production when he phoned us.26. Some molecules are large enough(see) under the electronic microscope.27. The floor does not look so bad when(sweep) clean.28. (fail) several times, they need some encouragement.29. (catch) in the rain, he was wet to the skin.Section IV Structure and Vocabulary选择填空：(本大题共15分,每题1分)在每题下面的A, B, CD四个答案中，将你认为最合适的答案画个(注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分)EXAMPLE:He me that he decided to leave on Monday.A spokeB saidC talkedfD toldANSWER: D30. This test a number of multiple choice questions.A composes ofB| composes in|C consists of D consists in31. She writes as as her sisterA clear|B| more clear|C clearly D most clearly32. I prefer this diagram that one.A thanB more thanC rather than D to33. I have been studying here for four years, by next summer I.A shall graduate!B| shall be graduated|C shall be graduating |D shall have graduated34. Hardly had he finished his speech the audience started cheering.A andB whenC than D as35. I wish you like that.A dont talkB wont talkC wouldnt talk D not to talk36. Only when you have obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.A can youB would you(C you will D you can37. I found to answer all the questions within the time given.A no possibilityB there was impossibiiityC impossible D it impossible38. You go now. It*s getting late.A had ratherB would ratherC had better D would better39. Hot metal as it grows cooler.A contracts|B| reduces|C condenses |D compresses40. Wood does not conduct electricity;.A so doesnt rubberB also doesnt rubberC nor does rubber D nor rubber does41. Comrade Li be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago.A mustn9tB cant may not D isnt able to42. I know it isnt important but I cant help about it.A but to thinkB thinkingC think D to think43. The more we looked at the picture,.|A the less we liked it|B we like it lessC better we liked it |D| it looked better44. To succeed in a scientific research project.A one needs to be persistentB persistence is neededC one needs be a persistent personD persistence is what one needsSection V Error-detection 认辩错误：（本大题共5分，每题1分）下面句子中有四处划线部分，在你认为是错误的一处画上“O”。（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）EXAMPLE:It is very kind of you to supply me with so many informations.AB C DANSWER: D45. Never before has so many people in our country been interested in athletic sports.ABCD46. Those of us who work in that chemical plant should have their lungs X-rayed.AB CD47. After the traffic accident he laid in bed for two weeks, waiting for his wound to heal.ABCD48. We advice him to give up smoking and do a lot of exercises.ABCD49. The principal reason for the great number of smoke is that there are too many factories ABC Din the city.Section VI Chinese-English Translation 将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分） 50.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。51 .在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。52 .我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。53 .这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。54 .在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。55 .我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。56 .没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。Section VII English-Chinese Translation 将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题30分）（文科各类专业译第1段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段）（1）The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.First of all, he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts. He firmly believed as he put it, that 4there is nothing incomprehensible about the uni verse,M and through painstaking work, explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible” in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.Second, Einsteins contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort. Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness. In this way, he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a “genius“ whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them. But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.Actually, Einsteins theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study. But beyond learning Einsteins theories, his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.（2）Between now and the end of the century, there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with. Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food. The worlds population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2（X）0, but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal. They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only, and then there will be no need for ordinary soil. Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse （废料）.One solution is to bum refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators （焚化炉）.A development of this, which may prove very useful in the future, is to use these incinerators to generate steam power. In fact, any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum. To solve the energy problem, scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.The possible effects of some scientific fields, such as lasers and cryogenics （彳氐温学），are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses. The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium （液态氮）and other gases into “superfluids and metals into “superconductors，making them non-resistant to electricity, could change the world in a number of ways. The laser, with its beam of strong light, can drill a hole in a diamond, and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations. The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight. One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost, but now the space shuttle is being developed, and can be used a large number of times instead of only once. Already man has been to the moon. Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus （金星）or Mars （火星）.1980年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of Prepositions （5 points）fromamongbetweenoftoto, intoaboutforbecause ofwithSection II: Verb Tenses （10 points）signhave been set uphad flownhave beenare being paintedstudytravels, appearshave . been diggingwould undertakeSection III: Verb Forms （15 points）givenmeeting50. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.51. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980s.52. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).53. The result is much (far) better than we expected.54. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).55. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.56. It is impossible to accomplish (carry out, fulfill, materialize) the socialist modernization of our country (our socialist modernization) without the leadership of the Party.Section VII: English-Chinese Translation (30 points)(1)阿伯特爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。首先，他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地。正如他所说的，他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不可知的，”并经过艰苦的劳动，了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象。 而且，当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候，爱因斯坦也从不害怕承认错误。其次，爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作时科学成就的巨大的重要性。虽然他自己很少在实验室工作，他所发展的各种概念使科学取得了许多进展，从而形成了现代技术。第三，爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识。这样，他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家，使他们积极参加共产主义运动。爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，他的理论是如此地难于理解，以致只有少数最杰出的科学家才能懂得。但是，他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。他的谦逊态度是众所周知的，他常常对来访者强调说，如果没有他的话，别人也肯定能够取得他那样的成就。事实上，爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论著稍加研究是不难懂得的。但是除了学习爱因斯坦的理论外，他对于利用科学作为一种工具来解放人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的，而且也是应该学习的。(2)从现在到本世纪末，将有许多令人兴奋的发展，同样也有许多困难的问题，需要加以处理。也许最为迫切的问题是提供足够的粮食。到2000年世界人口预期将达到70亿，但是科学家们已经培育出各种小麦、稻谷和牲畜的优良品种。他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来培植作物的技术，到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物。 有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。这种方法的一个新发展，可能在将来证明极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。事实是，任何新的能源都将是非常受欢迎的，因为石油已感不足。要解决能源问题，科学家们也许会高潮更多地利用太阳能。诸如激光学和低温学，某些科学领域的可能作用是难以想象的，它们两者已经有若干用途。低温学的过冷作用将液态氮及某些气体变成“超流体”，将某些金属变成“超导体”，使它们没有电阻，从而可以在好些方面改变世界面貌。激光，以它强烈的光束，可在金刚石上钻孔,也可以很好地加以控制来进行难做的眼科手术。问题是它将被大量用于和平的目的呢， 还是用途致使的武器。但最惊人的发展也许将出现在宇宙飞行方面。过去的困难之一在于代价太高。但现在航天飞机正在发展，这种航天飞机可以使用多次而不是仅仅一次而已。人类已经到过月球。也许到本世纪末人类对金星或火星等将有一个精细的观察。1981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the five choices given would most suitably complete the sentence. Circle the letter before your choice. Only one choice is to be circled (14 points)EXAMPLE:The guests said that they wouldnt mind.A to have a little light musicB having a little light musicC have a little light musicD if they have a little light musicE that they have a little light musicANSWER: B1. She has been working in this factory.A after 1968Bin 1968C since I968D for 1968E until 19682. We cant understand why he avoided to us.A to speakB speechC having spokenD speakingE to have spoken3. I am interested in you have told me.A whichB| all that|C all what|D that|E everything of which4. It is because she is too inexperienced she does not know how to deal with thesituation.A soB thatC so thatD thereforeE that is why5. He was afraid he would have to her invitation to the party.A refuteB refuseC returnD ignoreE decline6. She wants to know whether the measures have been agreed.A to|B| withC aboutD upon|E| over7. Since she is angry, we.A had better leaving her al one B should leave her alone C might as well leave her alone D had rather leave her al one E must leave her alone8. I wish I to the movies with you last night.A wentB did goC could goD have goneE could have gone9. Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre the curtain wentup.A thanB whenC be fore D as soon asE as10. Write clearly your teacher can understand you correctly.A sinceB | forC becauseD so thatE then11. If the doctor had been available, the child.A would not dieB would not have diedC could not dieD could not have diedE should not have died12. Ed just as soon rudely to her.A that you wont speakB your not speakingC you not speakD you hadnt spokenE you didnt speak13. Ten years had elapsed. I found she had.A a little white hairB some white hairC much white hairD a few white hairE a few white hairs14. The electric shaver before it can be used.A needs repairingB requires to be repairedC should be in repairD has to be repairableE must repairSection II Error-detectionEach question consists of a sentence with five underlined parts (words or phrases). These parts are labeled A, B, C, D and E. Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and circle the letter of your choice. Only one choice is to be marked. (8 points)EXAMPLE:We djd the research as good as we could; howerver, it did not turn out to be ABCDEsatisfactory.ANSWER: B15. The president of the college, together with the deans, are planning a conference fos the ABCDpurpose of laying down certain regulations.E16. In order 。convince the director to agree with their plan, they brought forth a number of ABCreports which supported their argument.D E17. His method of doing research work is hardly appreciated; he feels inferior than others.A BCDE18. A series of debates belween the lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend.A BCDE19. The automobile industry is manufacturing a new type of a motor that will consume less AB CDgasoline and cause much less pollution.E20. When his plane arrives on the airport in Shanghai. I shall already have left for Beijing.A BCDE21. The industrial trend is in the direction of more machines and less people.ABCDE22. The workers were already to work long before he arrived. A BC D ESection III Sentence MakingCombine the given words and phrases into sentences. (4 points)EXAMPLE:His sons / he / their grandmother / to see / just before his last birthday / takeANSWER:Just before his last birthday he took his sons to see their grandmother.23. last month / in Europe / travel / she / since24. the decision / as final / frankly / should / not consider25. to the stranger / talk / there / stand / a while ago / he26. this kind of / can / get used to /1 / never / food / eatSection IV Verb FormsFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verb given in parentheses. (14 points)EXAMPLE:叮hose,“ he said,(point) to the books(pile) on the desk, u (need) over there now.”ANSWER: pointing: piled; are neededThousands of years(pass) since then; but people still(like)(tell) the story of Leonidas and the brave three hundred who(dedicate) their lives to their country.ANSWER: have passed: like; to tell; dedicated27. The public demanded that the prices(reduce).28. With the guide(lead) the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.29. I need that book badly. If you go to the bookshop this afternoon, please remember(buy) a copy for me.30. (arrive) home at daybreak, he felt dead tired. He(work) all night.31. (exhaust) by his work, he lay down on the bed to take a rest.32. Well have to take a roundabout course, for the road(repair).33. No decision(make) about that matter yet. We(still consider) it.34. (meet) Tom earlier today, I dont need to see him again.35. If you(go) on at the present rate, you(use) up all the petroleum by the end of the month.36. The building is said(destroy) in a fire two years ago.37. The car(go) at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten oclock tonight.Section V Cloze TestFill in the blanks with proper words (10 points)In recent years television has become the most popular form of entertainment. It does not look as if it will be 38 popular in the world of the future. In fact it looks as if television will become more popular than ever. New systems of television have been made possible39 the discovery of the laser. A laser is a beam of light that has many strange qualities. Byusing a laser, it is possible to throw every large and very clear television pictures on 40 ascreen. These pictures may be as large as three meters 41. Many people could watch thiskind of television together.Laser beams have also made very thin television sets 42. These sets can be hung onthe wall of a room like a large picture. Another development in the future will be three dimensional television; the picture will look more real 43 it will have depth as well as height and length.In the near future you will be able to buy your favourite television programmes already44 on tapes. They will be like the tapes 45 are used in small cassette tape recorders today. You will also be able to record television programmes and play them 46 late匚 The laser beam will make 47 possible.Section VI Chinese-English TranslationTranslate the following into English. (10 points)48 .这门课我们越学越喜欢。49 .这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的百分之三十。50 .他们一直谈到入睡。51 .许多人以为电是燃料，但事实上并非如此。52 .我国的社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。Section VII English-Chinese TranslationChoose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)(1)The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政体的)State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位)of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (选举区) therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, diff