生理学资料：生理网络课程英语词汇

anabolism 合成代谢auto-regulation 自身调节catabolism 分解代谢chronic experiment 慢性实验excitability 兴奋性homeostasis 稳态human physiology 人体生理学humoral regulation 体液调节in vitro 体外in vivo 在体Metabolism 新陈代谢negative feedback 负反馈nervous regulation 神经调节nervous-humoral regulation 神经-体液调节Physiology 生理学positive feedback 正反馈Reproduction 生殖absolute refractory period 绝对不应期action potential 动作电位active transport 主动转运afterload 后负荷all or none 全或无biphasic action potential 双向动作电作carrier-mediated diffusion 载体介导扩散Cell 细胞cell memebrane 细胞膜centriole 中心体channel-mediated diffusion 通道介导扩散chemically gated channel 化学门控通道complete tetanus 完全强直收缩compound action potential 复合动作电位depolarization stage 去极化Diffusion 扩散Endocytosis 入胞endplate potential 终板电位excitation-contraction coupling 兴奋-收缩耦联Exocytosis 出胞facilitated diffusion 易化扩散fluid mosaic model 液态镶嵌模型Golgi apparatus 高尔基器hyperpolarizing afterpotential 超极化后电位incomplete tetanus 不完全强直收缩initial length 初长度intrinsic(integral)protein 内在蛋白质isometric contraction 等长收缩isotonic contraction 等张收缩local current 局部电流local potential 局部电位lysosome 溶酶体mechanically gated channel 机械门控通道microfilament 微丝microbutule 微管monophasic action potential 单向动作电位neuromuscular junction 神经-肌肉接头optimal initial length 最适初长度passive transport 被动转运patch clamp 膜片钳phagocytosis 吞噬pinocytosis 胞饮postsynaptic process 突触后过程preload 前负荷presynaptic process 突触前过程primary active transport 原发性主动转运receptor-channel informatin transmission system 受体-通道信息传递系统relative refractory period 相对不应期repolarization stage 复极相resting potential 静息电位resting stage 静息期ribosome 核糖体rough endoplasmic reticulum 粗面内质网saltatory conduction 跳跃传导sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆网secondary active transport 继发主动转运self-regenerating positive feedback 再生式正反馈simple diffusition 单纯扩散single twitch 单收缩smooth endoplasmic reticulum 滑面内质网strength-duration curve 强度-时间曲线surface(extrinsic)protein 表面蛋白质T system T系统terminal cistern 终末池the lipid bilayer 脂质双分子层threshold 阈值triad 三联管voltage-gated channel 电压门控通道serum 血清a2-antiplasmin 2-抗纤溶酶agglutination of erythrocyte 红细胞凝集agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原albumin 白蛋白antithrombin 抗凝血酶bleeding time 出血时间blood 血液blood coagulation 血液凝固blood group 血型clotting cascade 瀑布反应colony stimulating factor 集落刺激因子committed progenitor 定向祖细胞cross-matching of blood 交叉配血erythrocyte(red cell) 红细胞erythrocyte sedimentation rate 红细胞沉降率erythropoietin 促红细胞生成素extrinsic pathway 外源性途径extrinsic plasminogen activator 外源性纤溶酶原激活物factorcomplex 因子复合物fibrinogen 纤维蛋白原fibrinolysis 纤溶globulin 球蛋白hematocrit 红细胞比容hematopoietic microenvironment 造血微环境hemolysis 溶血hemostasis 生理止血hemostatic plug 止血栓子（血栓）heparin 肝素intrinsic pathway 内源性途径intrinsic plasminogen activator 内源性纤溶酶原激活物plasma 血浆plasmin 纤溶酶plasminogen activators 纤溶酶原激活素plasic deformation of erythrocyte 红细胞可塑性platelet 血小板platelet plug 血小板栓pluripotent stem cell 多能干细胞primary hemostatic response 原发性止血反应protein C 蛋白质Cprothrombin activator 凝血酶原激活物secondary phase of hemostasis 继发性止血反应surface activation 表面激活thrombin 凝血酶white blood cell 白细胞plasma colloid osmotic pressure 血浆胶体渗透压血液循环acetylcholine(ach) 乙酰胆碱adrenaline(epinephrine) 肾上腺素afterload 后负荷Angiotensin 血管紧张素arch of aorta 主动脉弓arterial pulse 动脉脉搏arteriole 微动脉arteriovenous anastomosis 动静脉吻合支artery 大动脉atrial systole 心房收缩atrioventricular(AV)valve 房室瓣atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle) 房室束atrioventricular delay 房室延搁atrioventricular node (AV node) 房室结automaticity 自动节律性autoregulation 自身调节baroreceptor 压力感受器blood flow 血流blood flow resistance 血流阻力blood pressure 血压blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障bradykinin 缓激肽capacitance vessel 容量血管capillary pressure 毛细血管血压cardiac cycle 心动周期cardiac excitability 心肌兴奋性cardiac function curve 心功能曲线cardiac index 心指数cardiac output(minute volume) 心输出量（每分输出量）cardiac reserve 心力储备cardiac sympathetic nerve 心交感神经cardiac vagus nerve 心迷走神经cardioinhibitory area 心抑制区Cardionatrin 心钠素cardiopulmonary receptor 心肺感受器cardiovascular center 心血管中枢carotid body aortic body 颈动脉体主动脉体carotid sinus 颈动脉窦carotid sinus 颈动脉窦主动脉弓压力感受性反射（减压反射）central venous pressure 中心静脉压cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) 脑脊液chemoreceptor reflex 化学感受性反射circulation system 循环系统compensatory pause 代偿间歇conduction block 传导阻滞Conductivity 传导性coronary circulation 冠脉循环Diastole 舒张期diastolic pressure 舒张压ectopic pacemaker 异位起搏点edema 水肿effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压ejection fraction 射血分数electrocardiogram(ECG) 心电图endothelin 内皮素endothelium relaxing facter(EDRF) 内皮舒张因子Frank-Starting mechanism Frank-Starling机制heart sound 心音heterometric regulation 异长调节histamine 组胺homometric regulation 等长调节interstitial fluid 组织液interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure 组织液胶体渗透压interstitial fluid pressure 组织液静水压isovolumetric contraction phase 等容收缩相isovolumetric relaxation phase 等容舒张相kinin 激肽laminar flow 层流latent pacemaker 潜在起搏点lymph 淋巴lymphatic return 淋巴回流mean arterial blood pressure 平均动脉压metarteriole 后微动脉microcirculation 微循环minute work 每分功myocardial contractility 心肌收缩能力negative chronotropic action 负性变时作用negative dromotropic action 负性变传导作用negative inotropic action 负性变力作用noradrenaline 去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine(NE) 去甲肾上腺素normal pacemaker 正常起搏点overdrive supression 超驱动压抑P wave P波phase 0 0期phonocardiogram(PCG) 心音图plasma colloid osmotic pressure 血浆胶体渗透压Poiseuilles law 泊肃叶定律positive chronotropic action 正性变时作用positive dromotropic action 正性变传导作用positive inotropic action 正性变力作用P-Q P-R interval P-Q/P-R间期precapillary sphincter 毛细血管前括约肌preload 前负荷premature systole(extrasystole) 期前收缩（额外收缩）pressure-volume loop 压力-容积环prostaglandin(PG) 前列腺素pulmonary(lesser)circulation 肺（小）循环pulse pressure 脉压Purkinje system 浦肯野系统QRS complex QRS波Q-T interval Q-T间期rapid ejection phase 快速射血相rapid filling phase 快速充盈相relay station of afferent nerve(sensory area) 传入神经接替站（感觉区）renin 肾素renin-angiotensin system 肾素-血管紧张素系统resistance vessel 阻力血管respiratory venous pump 呼吸性静脉泵semilunar valve 半月瓣sinoatrial node (SA node) 窦房结skeletal muscle venous pump 骨骼肌静脉泵slow filling phase 减慢充盈相slow-response action potential 慢反应动作电位specific conduction 特殊传导stroke volume 每搏输出量stroke work 搏功systemic(greater)circulation 体（大）循环systole 收缩期systolic pressure 收缩压T wave T波the first heart sound 第一心音thoroughfare channel 直捷通路true capillary 真毛细血管turbulent flow 湍流vascular function curve 血管功能曲线vasoconstrictor area 缩血管中枢vasoconstrictor fiber 缩血管纤维vasodilator area 舒血管中枢vasodilator fiber 舒血管纤维vasopressin 血管紧张素vein 静脉venous return 静脉回流Venous valves 静脉瓣Venule 微静脉viscosity 粘滞度wind kessel vessel 弹性贮器血管呼吸airway 呼吸道alveolar 肺泡alveolar capillary membrane(respiratory membrane) 肺泡毛细血管膜（呼吸膜）alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔alveolar duct 肺泡管alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔apneustic center 长吸中枢artificial respiration 人工呼吸Bohr effect 波尔效应bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘carbaminohemo-globin 氨基甲酸血红蛋白central chemoreceptor 中枢化学感受器ciliated epithelium 纤毛上皮CO2dissociation curve CO2解离曲线compliance 顺应性cough reflex 咳嗽反射cyanosis 发绀dead space 无效腔deoxyhemoglobin 氧离血红蛋白dorsal respiratory grou(DRG) 背侧呼吸组dyspnea 呼吸困难elastic resistance 弹性阻力expiration 呼气expiratory reserve volume(ERV) 补呼气量external respiration 外呼吸forced respiration 用力呼吸functional residual capacity(FRC) 功能余气量functional shunting 功能性短路gas conducting zone 气体传达带Haldane effect 何尔登效应inspiration 吸气inspiratory capacity(IC) 深吸气量inspiratory reserve volume(IRV) 补吸气量intrapleural pressure 胸膜腔内压intrapulmonary pressure 肺内压maximum respiratory volume 最大呼吸量minute ventilation volume 每分通气量mucous cells 粘液细胞non-elastic resistance 非弹性阻力oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量oxygen dissociation curve 氧离曲线oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白oxyhemoglobin saturation 血氧饱和度parietal pleura 壁层胸膜partial pressure 分压peripheral chemoreceptor 外周化学感受器pleura cavity 胸膜腔pneumotaxic center 呼吸调整中枢pneumothorax 气胸pulmonary capacities 肺容量pulmonary deflation reflex 肺缩小反射pulmonary diffusing capacity 肺扩散容量pulmonary inflation reflex 肺扩张反射pulmonary stretch reflex 肺牵张反射pulmonary ventilation 肺通气residual volume(RV) 余气量respiration 呼吸respiratory bronchiole 呼吸性支气管respiratory centers 呼吸中枢respiratory rhythmgenesis 呼吸节律起源serous fluid 浆液slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis(SRS-A) 过敏性慢反应物质sneeze reflex 喷嚏反射surface tension 表面张力surfactant 表面活性物质thorax 胸廓tidal volume(TV) 潮气量timed vital capacity(TVC) 时间肺活量total lung capacity(TLC) 肺总容量ventral respiratory group(VRG) 腹侧呼吸组visceral pleura 脏层胸膜vital capacity(VC) 肺活量work of breathing 呼吸功消化absorption 吸收basal acid output 基础泌酸量basic electric rhythm 基本电节律 （慢波）bile 胆汁bile salt 胆盐carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶cephalic phase 头期cholecystokinin(CCK) 胆囊收缩素chylomicron 乳糜微粒defecation 排便deglutition(swallowing) 吞咽digestion 消化digestive gland 消化腺digestive tract 消化道emulsification 乳化enteric nervous system 肠内神经系统enterogastric reflex 肠胃反射enterogastrone 肠抑胃素entero-hepatic circulation 肠肝循环gastric acid 胃酸gastric emptying 胃排空gastric inhibitory polypeptide 抑胃肽gastric peristalsis 胃蠕动gastrin phase 胃期gastric receptive relaxation 胃容受性舒张gastrin 胃泌素gastrointestinal hormone 胃肠激素haustration 袋状往返运动hypertonic solution 高张溶液intestinal phase 肠期intrinsic factor 内因子mass peristalsis 集团蠕动mastication 咀嚼maximal acid output 最大泌酸量micelle 微胶粒microvilli 微绒毛motilin 胃动素mucous neck cell 颈粘液细胞mucus 粘液myenteric plexus 肌间神经丛pancreas 胰腺pancreatic amylase 胰淀粉酶pancreatic lipase 胰脂酶paracrine 旁分泌parietal cell 壁细胞pepsin 胃蛋白酶pepsinogen 胃蛋白酶原peristalsis 蠕动saliva 唾液salivary glands 唾液腺secretin 促胰液素segmentation 分节运动somatostatin(SOM) 生长抑素submucosal plexus 粘膜下神经丛tonic contraction 紧张性收缩tonus 紧张性trypsin 胰蛋白酶vago-vagal reflex 迷走-迷走反射vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) 血管活性肠肽villi 绒毛新陈代谢autonomic thermoregulation 自主性体温调节basal metabolism 基础代谢basal metabolism(BMR) 基础代谢率behavioral thermoregulation 行为性体温调节body temperature 体温caloric value 热价calorie(cal) 卡central temperature receptor 中枢温度感受器circadian rhythm 日周期节律conduction 传导convection 对流core temperature 体核温度direct calorimetry 直接测热法energy metabolism 能量代谢energy metabolism rate 能量代谢率evaporation 蒸发indirect calorimetry 间接测热法insensible perspiration 不感蒸发（不显汗）material metabolism 物质代谢peripheral temperature receptor 外周温度感受器radiation 辐射respiratory quotient(RQ) 呼吸商set-point 调定点shell (surface) temperature 体表温度shivering 寒战specific dynamic effect 特殊动力效应sweating 出汗thermal equivalent of oxygen 氧热价afferent arterioles 入球小动脉aldosterone 醛固酮antidiuretic hormone(ADH) 抗利尿激素autoregulation 肾血流的自身调节cortical nephron 皮质肾单位distal convoluted tubule 远曲小管edema 水肿effective filtration pressure 有效滤过压extracellular fluid 细胞外液glomerular filtration membrane 肾小球滤过膜juxtamedullary nephron 近髓肾单位kidney 肾loop of Henle 亨利环nephron 肾单位osmosis 渗透osmotic pressure 渗透压renal corpuscle 肾小体renal tubule 肾小管tubular reabsorption 肾小管重吸收urinary concentration 尿液的浓缩urinary dilution 尿液的稀释vasa recta 直小血管Water diuresis 水利尿感官accommodation reflex 调节反射adaptation 适应adequate stimulus 适宜刺激astigmatism 散光audition 听觉auditory threshold 听阈binocular vision 双眼视觉blind point 盲点bony labryrinth 骨迷路characteristic frequency 特征频率color vision 色觉cone 视锥细胞convergence reflex 会聚反射dark adaptation 暗适应diopter(D) 屈光度generator potential 发生器电位hyperopia 远视labeled line 标记线light adaptation 光适应membraneous labyrinth 膜迷路modality 感觉体myopia 近视nystagmus 眼震颤organ of Corti 柯蒂器receptive field 感受野receptor potential 感受器电位receptor potential of the rod 视杆细胞受体电位reduced eye 简化眼refraction 折射refraction index 折射率rhodopsin 视紫红质rod 视杆细胞semicircular canal 半规管sense organ 感官sensory coding 感觉编码sensory receptor 感受器transduction 换能作用travelling wave 行波tricolor mechanism 三原色学说utricle saccule 椭圆囊、球囊vestibular apparatus 前庭器官vision 视觉visual accommodation 视调节visual acuity 视敏度visual field 视野神经acetylcholine(ach) 乙酰胆碱autoregulation 自身调节adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素受体afferent neuron 传入神经afterdischarge 后发放alpha rhythm 节律anterograde transport 顺向轴浆运输autonomatic nervous system 植物性神经系统autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统axon 轴突axoplasm transport 轴浆运输beta rhythm 节律bidirectional propagation 双向传播central nervous system(CNS) 中枢神经系统chemical synapse 化学性突触conditioned reflex 条件反射convergence 聚合decerebrate rigidity 去大脑僵直delta rhythm 节律dendrite 树突divergence 辐散dopamine 多巴胺dynorphin 强啡肽efferent neuron 传出神经元electrical synapse 电突触electroencephalogram(EEG) 脑电图endophin 内腓肽enkephalin 脑腓肽enteric system 肠内神经系统evoked potential 诱发电位excitatory postsynaptic potential(EPSP) 兴奋性突触后电位extrapyramidal system 锥体外系r-aminobutyric acid(GABA) -氨基丁酸glutamate 谷氨酸glycine 甘氨酸Golgi tendon organ 腱器官inhibitory postsynaptic potential(IPSP) 抑制性突触后电位insomnia 失眠interneuron 中间神经元intraspindle muscle 梭内肌learning 学习limbic system 边缘系统long-term memory 长期记忆memory 记忆motor neuron 运动神经元muscarinic receptor(M-receptor) 毒蕈碱样受体（M-受体）neocerebellum 新小脑nervous reflex 神经反射nervous system 神经系统neuroglial cell 神经胶质细胞neuron 神经元nicotinic receptor(N-receptor) 烟碱样受体（N-受体）nonspecific projection system 非特异性投射系统 opioid peptide 阿片肽opioid receptor 阿片受体pain 疼痛Parkinsons disease 帕金森病peripheral nervous system(PNS) 外周神经系统postsynaptic inhibition 突触后抑制postsynaptic process 突触后过程presynaptic inhibition 突触前抑制presynaptic process 突触前过程pyramidal system 锥体系reciprocal inhibition(afferent collateral inhibition) 交互抑制传入侧枝抑制recurrent circuit 环状联系recurrent inhibition 回返性抑制referred pain 牵涉痛reticular activating system(RAS) 网状激动系统retrograde transport 逆向轴浆运输sensory memory 感觉记忆short-term memory 短期记忆sleep 睡眠slow-wave sleep (SWS) 慢波睡眠soma(cell body) 胞体somatic nervous system 体神经系统somatosensory cortex 体感觉皮层spatial summation 空间总和specific proection system 特异性投射系统spinal shock 脊休克spindle 肌梭stretch reflex 牵张反射synapse 突触synaptic delay 突触延搁synaptic potential 突触电位temporal summation 时间总和visceral pain 内脏痛内分泌acromegaly 肢端肥大症Addisons disease Addison病adenohypophysis 腺垂体adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质adrenal gland 肾上腺adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质adrenocorticotropin(corticotropin)hormone(ACTH) 促肾上腺皮质激素aldosterone 醛固酮androgen 雄激素antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 抗利尿激素calcitonin(CT) 降钙素catecholamine 儿茶酚胺corticotropin-releasing Hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素somatostatin 生长抑素cortisol 皮质醇cretinism 克汀病（呆小症）Cushings disease 肾上腺皮质亢进dwarfism 侏儒症endocrine system 内分泌系统follicle 滤泡follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) 卵泡刺激素 黄体生成素glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) 促性腺激素释放激素growth hormone(GH) 生长激素growth hormone-releasing hormone(GRIH) 生长素释放抑制激素growth hormone-releasing hormone(GHRH) 生长素释放激素hormone 激素hormone-receptor complex 激素受体复合物hyperthyroidism 甲状腺机能亢进hypothalamus-hypophysial portal system 下丘脑-垂体门脉系统hypothyroidism 甲状腺机能低下insulin 胰岛素iodine pump 碘泵mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素neurohypophysis 神经垂体nitrogenous hormone 含氮类激素organification 有机化oxytocin(OXT) 催产素pancreatic islet 胰岛paracrine 旁分泌parathyroid hormone(PTH) 甲状旁腺激素permissive action 允许作用prehormone 激素原preprohormone 前激素原prolactin(PRL) 催乳素second messenger hypothesis 第二信使假说steroid hormone 类固醇激素telecrine 远距离分泌thyroglobulin 甲状腺球蛋白thyroid gland 甲状腺thyroid hormone 甲状腺激素thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) 促甲状腺激素tryrotropin-releasing Hormone(TRH) 促甲状腺激素释放激素vitamin D 维生素D生殖accessory sex organ 附属性器官acrosome 顶体blood-testis barrier 血睾屏障capacitation 获能corpus luteum 黄体estrogen 雌激素fertilization 受精human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 人绒毛膜促性腺激素implantation 植入male pronucleus 雄性原核mature follicle 成熟卵泡menopause 绝经期menstrual cycle 月经周期menstruation 月经ovary 卵巢parturition 分娩pregnancy 妊娠primary follicle 初级细胞primordial follicle 原始卵泡progesterone 孕激素proliferative phase 增生期secondary follicle 次级卵泡secretory phase 分泌期semen 精液sertoli cell 支持细胞testis 睾丸zona pellucida 透明带