中学生英语学习常见错误一览表

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表推荐教师：林坤华误 Ive been waiting for good twenty minutes.正 Ive been waiting for a good twenty minutes.析 a good之意为足足、整整之意。good well He is good. 应译为他是个好人。而He is well. 应译为他身体不错。I feel good. 即精神状态良好，而I feel well.即身体状况不错。误 This food is very good to you.正 This food is very good for you.析 be good for是对有利、有好处，而be good to是指对待某人不错，如：Your friend is very good to me.grade 误 -What grade are you in?-Im in grade 1. 正 -What grade are you in?-Im in Gread 1. 析 当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写，当有具体数字时则要大写。Hhad better 误 You have better hurry.正 You had better hurry.析 had better只用过去时had，不要误用成现在时have。误 You hadnt better worry.正 You had better not worry.析 had better后面加不带to的不定式，其否定式是had better not+动词原形。half 误 I had driven about half mile.正 I had driven about half a mile.析 半小时有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而一个半小时应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天应讲half a day，半镑应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year，而应用six months；不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.误 Half us could go to the park.正 Half of us could go to the park.析 half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.误 One and half apples are left on the table.正 One and half apples is left on the table.析 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。误 Half of the work are done.正 Half of the work is done.误 Half of the six apples is red.正 Half of the six apples are red.析 half of+名词这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致，如为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词；而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。hand 误 He shook hand with his teacher.正 He shook hands with his teacher.析 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式，如：change hands (转手、易手)，in the hands of (由控制)，join hands (与人合作)。happen 误 What was happened to you last month?正 What happened to you last month?误 An accident was happened in this street last night.正 An accident happened in this street last night.析 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态，作为发生讲的happen，take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.hard 误 I have to study hardly.正 I have to study hard.析 hard是形容词，如：a hard work，但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为几乎不。误 I had my leg broken last term， so I couldnt hardly study at all.正 I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.析 hardly意为否定，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.have 误 I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.正 I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.析 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。误 I have my bike to repair.正 I have my bike repaired.析 have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)误 Could you give me some money if you have.正 Could you give me some money if you have any.析 如果你有的话一句译为英文应加上any一词，如：I want some books if there is any.headache 误 Ive got headache.正 Ive got a headache.析 Headache是一个规则的可数名词，所以可以讲：My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache，肚子痛stomacheache等却都可以用作不可数名词，如：Ive got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。hear 误 He was heard sing in the next room.正 He was heard to sing in the next room.析 hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。hear listen to hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.但词组hear about (of)则为听说过之意，如：I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.help 误 Please help my homework.正 Please help me do my homework.正 Please help me with my homework.析 help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为帮某人作某事，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母亲一起作饭。而He help me to do my homework. 则是他指导我做作业。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。误 When I read the play I cant help to think of my childhood.正 When I read the play I cant help thinking of my childhood.析 cant help doing something是身不由己，情不自禁做某事。误 Help yourself with some cakes.正 Help yourself to some cakes.析 中文中讲你自己拿蛋糕吃，英文中要用help somebody to something.here 误 Here the bus comes!正 Here comes the bus!析 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语如是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!high 误 He is very high.正 He is very tall.析 英语中的两个高high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。hit 误 The mother got angry and hit the boy.正 The mother got angry and beat the boy.析 hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。home 误 Im tired. Its time I went to home.正 Im tired. Its time I went home.析 home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外，还有像在家里一样之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)home house family home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.homgwork 误 I have so many homework to do today.正 I have so much homework go do today.析 homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为著作、作品、工厂讲时为可数名词)，fun，health information等。hope 误 I hope you to be a good student.正 I hope you will be a good student.析 hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.误 I dont hope you will go to the park tomorrow.正 I hope you wont go to the park tomorrow.析 hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如我认为你错了。应译为：I dont think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中我不这样认为应译为I dont think so.或I hope not. 误 I hope your help.正 I hope for your help.析 hope for为期望某事发生，虽然hope是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用hope for+名词这一结构。误 I was hopeful to pass the exam.正 I was hopeful of passing the exam.析 对某事存有希望应用hopeful of (about)+介词宾语这一结构。hospital 误 My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.正 My mother was in hospital for two weeks.析 in hospital为住院就医。而in (at) the hospital 为在医院(工作)。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如：上学为go to school，at school为在校就读，go to bed为上床睡觉。how 误 I want to know how to do.正 I want to know how to do it.析 how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.误 How do you think about it?正 What do you think about it?析 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about这一句式。hurry 误 Lets hurry. There is a little time left.正 Lets hurry. There is little time left.误 Dont worry. There is little time left.正 Dont worry. There is a little time left.析 请注意英语中的惯用法：快点吧，没时间了，或别着急还有一点时间。误 The car is hurrying through the street.正 The car is rushing throught the street.析 hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。hundred 误 There are two hundreds people here.正 There are two hundred people here.误 There are hundred of people here.正 There are hundreds of people here.析 hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s，这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样，而hundreds of是数百的，这一词组一定要加s.hurt 误 I dont want to wound her feelings.正 I dont want to hurt her feelings.析 wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词)，或用刀枪伤害、打伤(动词)。 Iif 误 If it will rain I wont go to school tomorrow.正 If it rains I wont go to school tomorrow.析 由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。误 I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.正 I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.析 if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。误 I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.正 I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.析 这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语，所以，还应用一般时表示将来。 ill 误 He spent many years looking after his ill father.正 He spent many years looking after his sick father.析 ill和sick都可以作表语，如： Im ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick， 而英国英语中两者都可用，但ill一般不作定语。in 误 In a cold morning, I went to school alone.正 On a cold morning, I went to school alone.析 在in the morning或in the afternoon词组中，不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词，其介词in都要变为on.误 I will finish it after two days.正 I will finish it in two days.析 中文中几天以后可以完成，或几天后来取，在译为英文时都不要用after，而要用in.如： He will be back in a few days.in into 作为副词应用in，而不能用into，如： Come in, please. 又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置，只是表达空间的位置时用in，如： The teacher in the office is my mother. 但在go, run, come, walk, dive等词后则要用into. 如： She dives into the river.instead 误 The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.正 The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.析 instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词，而不能用不定式，如： I choose this book instead of that one.误 The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.正 The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.析 instead是副词，而instead of是介词短语。如： If you are not free, you may come another day instead.interest 误 He has a great interest for physics.正 He has a great interest in physics.误 He has some interest in many companies.正 He has some interests in many companies.析 interest作为兴趣讲可用作不可数名词，但作为利息、股份讲时为可数名词。误 This is an interested book.正 This is an interesting book.析 修饰物时应用interesting, 如，an interesting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如： Im interested in this play. 但他是一个十分有趣的人。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting是令人感兴趣之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用be interested in something这一句型。invent 误 America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.正 America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.析 invent意为发明即从无到有，如： Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为发现。it 误 That takes me ten years to finish this work.正 It takes me ten years to finish this work.析 it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语，如： I think it difficult to learn English well.Jjoin 误 Did you attend the football club?正 Did you join the football club?析 join经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如： I take part in the football game.just 误 I have finished my work just now.正 I finished my work just now.析 just now意义刚才，所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。误 Just I won the game.正 I just won the game.析 just单独使用时不应放在句首，而应放于 be动词之后，如： He is just a student. 名词与一般动词之间。 用在第一助动词之后，如： I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时，如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如： Just then he saw the bus coming.just justly just常用于三种含意： 恰好，如： Its just five oclock. 仅仅，相当于only, 如： I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. 不久前，如： I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为公正的，如： He was justly punished for his crimes.keep 误 She was keeping something to her father.正 She was keeping something from her father.析 对某人隐瞒某事要用keep something from somebody句型。误 He kept to repeat the word again and again.正 He kept repeating the word again and again.析 keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如： When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中，如： He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.误 We must keep up the times.正 We must keep up with the times.析 这句话意为我们必须赶上时代，keep up with是赶上之意，而keep up则是坚持下去的意思，如： Keep it up, dont stop now!key 误 I lost the key of the door.正 I lost the key to the door.析 英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer则多用to，如：门的钥匙为key to the door, 高速公路入口为entrance to the highway, 问题的答案为the answer (key) to the question.kind 误 This kind of books are not good.正 This kind of books is not good.析 kind在这种句式中应作为主语，如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。kind sort type kind和sort为同义词，意为种类，而type则为型号，如： What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)knock 误 Someone was knocking the door.正 Someone was knocking at the door.析 knock虽可以作及物动词，如： The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作敲门讲一定要用作不及物动词： knock at (on) the door.know 误 I want to know to play this game.正 I want to know how to play this game.析 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如：I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.know know of I know him.为我很了解他。而I know of him. 则为我听说过他。同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。Llarge 误 He found a large number of mistake in his homework.正 He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.析 a large number of + 复数名词，意为大量的。 last 误 This is the newest news.正 This is the latest news.析 最新消息应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。last the last 误 I saw my brother the last week.正 I saw my brother last week.析 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如： That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如： I am busy for the last week.late 误 Yesterday I went home lately.正 Yesterday I went home late.析 late即可做形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为最近的，如： I havent seen her lately.late latter later lately late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲： See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如： the former president(前总统)。又如： I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为近来、不久前。laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。laugh over 则指笑着谈论某事，如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)lay 误 We lied on the beach.正 We lay on the beach.析 英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式，过去式，过去分词以及现在分词是： lay (vt. 放) laid laid layinglie(vi. 躺) lay lain cyinglie(vi. 说谎) lied lied lyinglearn 误 The teacher said：You must study this poem by heart.正 The teacher said：You must learn this poem by heart.析 study与learn在作学习讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如： Im studying at this college. 而learnby heart则是记住、背诵之意。leave 误 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai.正 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai.析 leave for一词组为去某地，如对话中常讲Ill leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。leave forget 误 Ive forgotten my homework at home.正 Ive forgotten my homework.正 Ive left my homework at home.析 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.lesson 误 I have two lessons of English.正 I have two English lessons.正 I have two lessons in English.析 我有两节英语课。这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用I have two classes.teach somebody a lesson 为教训某人，或要吸取教训，如： Let this thing teaches you a lesson.lend 误 Please borrow me your bike.正 Please lend me your bike.析 borrow是指借入，如： I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是借出，如： I can lend you my bike. 而keep为借多久： 如 How long can I keep it?less 误 He has fewer money than she has.正 He has less money than she has.析 less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。let 误 The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.正 The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.析 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。误 Lets go to the park, will you?正 Lets go to the park, shall we?误 Let us go to the park, shall we?正 Let us go to the park, will you?析 Lets go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?life 误 Many people lost their life in the Second World War.正 Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.析 life作为生命、性命时应为可数名词；当泛指一般生活讲时则为不可数名词，如： Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如： Life is not all fun.light 误 There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.正 There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.析 light有两个过去分词： lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.light可以用作名词，如： The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如： The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如： The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有轻、浅等意，如： This box is light. I like light blue.like 误 My sister is very as me.正 My sister is very like me.析 as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。误 Do you like swimming with me tonight.正 Would you like to swim with me tonight.析 like作为动词当喜欢讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如： Im sorry I dont like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如： I like swimming very much.like alike 作为形容词，alike 一般不作定语，而只作表语，如； The twins are very alike.误 Would you like swimming with us?正 Would you like to swim with us?析 在would you like这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点： He likes Tom. 为他喜欢汤姆。 He is like Tom. 为他像汤姆。第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。listen 误 You should hear the teahcers advice.正 You should listen to the teachers advice.析 hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为听取某人意见，所以只能用listen to someones advice.little 误 Dont worry, there is little time.正 Dont worry, there is a little time.误 There is a little water. Shall I get some?正 There is little water. Shall I get some?析 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文水不多了，我去取点吧。英文要讲没水了，我去取点吧。little small little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如： a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语，如： The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。live 误 Tom lives with his parents money.正 Tom lives on his parents money.误 He lives on teaching.正 He lives by teaching.析 靠吃某物为生应用live on something, 而live by是靠某种生活手段为生。living alive living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如： My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如： Is that cat alive or dead?lonely 误 She wanted to do her homework lonely.正 She wanted to do her homework alone.析 lonely意为寂寞的、孤单的，如： The old man felt lonely. alone则意为独自的、单独的，如： He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.long 误 I have been studying long for the exam.正 I have been studying for a long time for the exam.析 long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so, too, asas连用外，一般要用for a long time.误 Ill call you as long as the book will be returned.正 Ill call you as long as the book is returned.析 asas引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。误 How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.正 How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.析 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用how often.look look for find look for 侧重于 寻找这个动作，如： What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果，如： It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for，因为真正困难的是找到工作。其他用法还有：例 He often looks back on his highschool days.析 look back on something 为回顾、回想。例 I wish you wouldnt look down on (upon) the childrens work.析 look down on (upon) 为看不起某人或某事。误 Im looking forward to see you.正 Im looking forward to seeing you.析 look forward to词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。lot 误 I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.正 I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.析 much money多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of.lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。误 He is more happier now.正 He is a lot happier now.析 不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。loud loudly 这两个词含意相同，在日常用语中loud多与talk，speak, shout, laugh等动词连用，如：Dont speak so loud， youll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.loud aloud loud多指把声音放大，而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如：-What did you say?-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)Ssafe 误 The brave man safed the boy from drowning.正 The brave man saved the boy from drowning.析 safe是形容词，如： They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词，如： The young man dri