完形填空解题技巧.ppt课件

完形填空考查的目的完形填空考查的目的 完型填空的测试目的并不是语篇中的单完型填空的测试目的并不是语篇中的单项填空，也不仅仅是在语篇中考查语法，项填空，也不仅仅是在语篇中考查语法，而是考查语篇意义的而是考查语篇意义的连贯性连贯性和运用语言和运用语言的的准确性准确性，以及我们对上下文的精细理，以及我们对上下文的精细理解和缜密的解和缜密的逻辑判断能力逻辑判断能力，只有在吃透，只有在吃透文章意思的基础上，才能准确地推断出文章意思的基础上，才能准确地推断出每一空格的准确信息每一空格的准确信息.高考英语完形填空考查热点高考英语完形填空考查热点热点热点1 语篇理解语篇理解热点热点2 逻辑推理，归纳概括逻辑推理，归纳概括热点热点3 情景运用，常识应用情景运用，常识应用热点热点4 上下文联系上下文联系热点热点5 词语辨析词语辨析完形填空的解题技巧完形填空的解题技巧1）根据根据上下文语境上下文语境解题解题5）根据根据生活常识及文化背景生活常识及文化背景解题解题4）根据词语固定搭配及根据词语固定搭配及辨辨析解题析解题2 2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题根据根据解题解题1 1）上下文语境）上下文语境把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。例例1：I climbed the stairs slowly,carrying a big suitcase,my father following with two more.By the time I got to the third floor,I was 1 and the same time feeling lonely.Worse still,Dad 2 a step and fell,sending my new suitcase rolling down the stairs.1.A.helpless B.lazy C.anxious D.tired 2.A.took B.minded C.missed D.picked 例例2:But Ella Fant,who was filled with 1 ,shouted at the top of her voice,Look at 2 Theyre all out of step except my John Isnt he the best1.A.sadness B.happiness C.surprise D.regret2.A.them B.her C.that D.him 2 2）句际间的逻辑推理关系）句际间的逻辑推理关系完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。对比关系等。例例1：It has been many years since I was last in London,_ I still remember something that happened during that visit.w A.and B.for C.but D.as例例2：A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry 48 ,radio broadcasts are better for blind people.48.A.Besides B.However C.Yet D.Sometimes例例3 and the officers then began to eat their meal,saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 38 quite pleasant taste.38.A.besides B.but C.and D.or例例4：53 3)3)词汇的复现词汇的复现“词汇的复现词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现注释性复现。例例1：It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.The _ has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual(智力的智力的)growth by learning situation that has designed for the_ children.1.A.principle B.theory C.arguments D.classification2.A.smart B.curious C.mature D.average例例2：Many are concerned that gifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However this _ is more often from parents and teachers than from students,and some of these _ simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are _.11.A.concern B.conclusion C.reflection D.interest12.A.students B.adults C.scholars D.teachers13.A.talented B.worried C.learned D.interested4)词语固定搭配及词语固定搭配及辨辨析析 完形填空题中完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。量、较强的词语搭配能力。例例1：例例2:The other day I was sitting in a small restaurant having a quiet drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 1 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking.It wasnt long 2 the whole room was filled with smoke.1.A.seemed B.struck C.sank D.showed2.A.ago B.after C.before D.now5)5)生活常识及文化背景知识生活常识及文化背景知识完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。息，其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背考生做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分景知识和生活常识，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。例例1：,she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00.On 39 days,she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.39.A.sunny B.rainy C.cloudy D.snowy 例例2：Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A.animal B.biggest C.plant D.nearest例例3：.One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54 with a friend and close relatives.The odd thing is that we more often display great 55 towards someone we are fond of than towards 56 .(2002 上海卷）上海卷）54.A.mind B.memory C.manner D.temper55.A.anger B.interest C.love D.respect56.A.strangers B.friends C.relatives D.colleagues在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己在日常生活中人们通常会对亲戚朋友或者自己发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。发脾气，但却不在陌生人身上。加上加上morethan的句型，则可以判断出答案了的句型，则可以判断出答案了。完形填空解题思路完形填空解题思路第一步第一步 重视首句，把握开篇。重视首句，把握开篇。完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，句，全文信息从此开始。细读首句，可判断文章体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。预测全文大意和主旨。第二步第二步 速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。要注划出某些代表人物和情节的词，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样意不要在未掌握大意的基础上，边阅读，边做题，这样速度慢、准确率低。速度慢、准确率低。第三步第三步 瞻前顾后，灵活答题。瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考下一句。如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语证其余答案。如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。答案。第四步第四步 复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意上下文的一致把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意上下文的一致性：以及段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。性：以及段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。这次复这次复核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难核至关重要，常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感选一个，决不可不选。确定的答案，也要凭语感选一个，决不可不选。Practice makes perfect!Are dreams of any use tothe dreamer or to anybody else?We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durbanbecause of his terrible_2_.The Waratah laterdisappeared entirely,witheveryone on _3_.Thetravelers dreams helped him and saved him from _4_,but they didnthelp the other people.Whywas this man treated_5_ from everyone else?1.A.leftB.got C.droveD.enter 2.A.ideas B.suggestions C.dreamsD.words 3.A.boardB.ship C.seaD.deck 4.A.lifeB.death C.illnessD.disease 5.A.similarly B.differently C.strangely D.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams Another man _6_ hada dream about the BlackForest in Germany.In hisdream he was walking inthe forest _7_ two menran out and tried to throwhim to the _8_.He ranoff as fast as he could,butthey followed.He reacheda place _9_ he saw two_10_ roads in front ofhim,one to the right andthe other to the left.Whichroad ought he to _11_?6.A.aloneB.once C.stillD.even 7.A.whileB.as C.beforeD.when 8.A.floorB.earth C.soilD.ground 9.A.whichB.that C.whereD.who10.A.sameB.separate C.dividedD.crossed11.A.takeB.bring C.carryD.go句型下文有暗示宾语separatewheregroundwhenoncetake He heard the two men_12_ him,getting nearerand at the same time he heard a voice in his ear.Ittold him to go to the _13_,and he did so.He ran on and soon came to a smallhotel.He was _14_here kindly and given a room,and so he was _15_from the two men.Thatwas the dream.12.A.next to B.in front of C.besideD.behind13.A.houseB.hotel C.leftD.right14.A.accepted B.received C.refusedD.closed15.A.killed B.murdered C.savedD.robbedbehindright下文有暗示receivedsaved16.A.exactlyB.really C.sincerely D.actually17.A.happened B.performed C.actedD.chose18.A.forgot B.remembered C.missed D.noticed19.A.arrivedB.left C.reachedD.got20.A.agoB.before C.laterD.after Twenty years later he was_16_ in the Black Forestand as it _17_ in thedream long before,two menran out and tried to throw himdown.He ran off,and came toa place with two roads as in the dream.He_18_ thedream and took the road to the right.He soon _19_asmall hotel,was taken in,andso was safe.His dream oftwenty years _20_ had Saved his life.reallyhappenedrememberedreachedbefore第11题答案第13题答案