环境保护专业英语论文

XX大学专业英语小论文题 目Environmental Protection In China 学 院专 业年 级学 号姓 名年 月 日Environmental Protection In ChinaYingpeng LiaoandYuchengShenCollegeofResourceandEnvironment,SouthwestUniversity,Chongqing400715,ChinaAbstract: As we all know，the challenge and opportunity always confused with hope， in the 21st century , is also human facing challenges period.China has made significant economic development, while its environmental problems are urgent. This essay mainly analyses Chinese environmental problems and then try to give some advice and suggestions. Key Words: environmental problems suggestions;China Preface: As a developing country ,China has launched its modernization drive in the following conditions: The country has a large population base, its per-capita average of natural resources is low, and its economic development as well as scientific and technological level remain quite backward. Along with the growth of Chinas population and the development of the economy ,the pressure on the fragile environment has become greater and greater. 1.Chinas Pollution Situation 1.1 Water pollution threatens peoples health and safety As industrial development grows in both the urban and rural centers of China and water treatment facilities continue to be in dearth, surface and groundwater pollution is becoming increasingly severe. Nearly every major river in China suffers from pollution. In a survey of seven of Chinas major river basins and 110 designated key sections of these rivers, only 32 percent of river water was found to meet the national standards for drinking water sources (classified as Class I and Class II).1 Major pollutants included ammonia oxide and toxic and organic chemicals. Currently, 24 percent of the Chinese population is said to be drinking very polluted water and 79 percent is drinking somewhat polluted water. The drinking water of nearly all cities located in a rivers down stream also contain colon bacillus, a bacteria harmful to the human digestive system. And the untreated waste water discharged directly into the Huaihe River is primarily from the surrounding small-scale TVEs such as paper mills, breweries, chemical plants and tanneries which still rely on outdated, environmentally unfriendly production technology. 12.1 percent of TVE waste water discharge and 16.4 percent of the TVE-induced chemical oxygen demand is in this Basin.2,6Another relatively recent cause of coastal water pollution is the growing ship disassembling industry which began with Chinas reforms. The situation has been further aggravated by the lack of response to pollution and to industrial activities which discharge pollutants. The frequent water pollution incidence have made the Chinese, who are aspiring for harmonious development, feel threatened. The vicious cycle, including stained water sources, polluted drinking water and unclean food, is a vital issue affecting peoples health and safety. 1.2 Chinas air pollution still serious China is a country with coal as its main energy source. Seventy percent of the smoke and dust in the air and 90 percent of the sulfur dioxide emission come from burning coal. As a result, the cities with concentrated industries and populations suffer from serious air pollution，and the situation has gone from bad to worse in some regions and cities.3,4 The spread of acid rain is also growing. Acid rain hit 30% of Chinas total area, making China the third largest heavy acid rain region in the world, behind Europe and North America.1 Acid rain is a serious problem in central, southern, southwestern and eastern China. Tests of the Ph level of rainwater in 106 cities revealed that the range of ph level in water was between 4.3 and 7.47 and that 43 cities or 40.6% had a Ph level lower than 5.6. A number of cities in the south had an acid rain frequency exceeding 80%.6 Moreover, Chinas breakneck pace of modernization already has left it with sixteen of the worlds twenty most polluted cities and its sulfur emissions lead to acid rain throughout Northeast Asia. A report released by the World Bank said that water and air pollution have caused loss equivalent to 8 percent of Chinas annual GDP and environment pollution have made Chinas development cost 7 percent higher than the world average.571.3 Soil pollution has reached alarming levels in ChinaSoil pollution has reached alarming levels in China, and will cause enormous economic losses and affect the health of people for generations, experts warned. Chinas arable land is shrinking due to soil pollution and is bringing huge economic losses to a country already short of farmland. China has 22 percent of the worlds population but only 9 percent of the planets arable land, Gao Guilin, a law professor at Beijings Capital University of Economics and Business, said at a forum held last Sunday, news site legaldaily reported on Sunday.8,10 Gao cited statistics released by Chinas Ministry of Environmental Protection that 12 million tons of crops in China are polluted by soil contaminated with heavy metals annually, which would cause a yearly loss of 20 billion yuan ($2.9 billion). Soil pollution also poses a great threat to public health as pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides and agricultural antibiotics, and severely affects the quality of crops. The Guangzhou Food and Drug Administration revealed that among the 18 batches of rice tested during random checks, eight were found to contain excessive amounts of heavy metal, which is known as a strong carcinogen and can cause pathological changes in kidney and other organs.9 Gao said preserving protected arable land should be a priority, surveillance of land should be enhanced, and cleaning up should be done as soon as pollution is detected. According to latest figures from the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources, about 16.1 percent of Chinas surveyed land is polluted by heavy metals including cadmium, arsenic, lead and mercury.10 Last year, the central government allocated 2.8 billion yuan for anti-pollution projects in 30 prefecture-level cities, but experts said it is far from enough.1.4 Key forest-related environmental issues in China Natural forest habitat loss in China is approximately four to eight percent per year. Moreover，there is little protected forest area in China. The growing problem of deforestation is causing some notably serious environmental problems. For example ，deforestation is creating growing problems of soil erosion that degrades water quality and increases water problems. High rates of species endangerment is also a directly linked to forest loss. Like many developing economies，fuel wood and charcoal dominate wood useChina ranks first in the world just ahead of Brazil in this kind of wood consumption. Aggressive plans to increase electricity generation from coal will likely lead to a decline in the use of fuel wood, but with significant adverse impacts on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.15 In the early years the Chinese cut down large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and terrible floods. 11As a result，the Huangtu plateau which was once covered with grass and forests was turned into barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was in several developed countries. Because many chemical factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, cities were covered with so much poisonous gas that people were killed by the air they breathed in. 2. Advice and Suggestions As we have already discussed above，the environment in China is still worsening, though much more slowly. The Chinese government clearly pointed out that the road of sustainable development was a logical choice for China now and in the future. And the Chinese government has paid great attention to the environmental issues arising from the countrys population growth and economic development, and has made protecting the environment an important aspect of the improvement of the peoples living standards and quality of life.3,12 In order to promote coordinated development between the economy, the society and the environment, China has enacted and promulgated many special laws on environmental protection as well as laws on natural resources related to environmental protection.But it should be pointed out that Chinas environmental legislative work needs to be further improved. For instance, some areas still remain uncovered, some contents are yet to be amended or revised and there are still the phenomena of not fully observing or enforcing laws.13 Therefore, to make continuous efforts to strengthen environmental legislative work remains an important strategic task. As is known to all , we have a beautiful world .We can see the sun shining. We can see the moon in a full view. We can see the birds flying in the sky. We can see the horses running on the plain.5,14 However，the world is not as beautiful as before, for human beings have brought a disaster to the world. So it is high time that we should do something to change this situation. As a citizen，we can do much for it. For example, we could use disposable goods less. And we are supposed to save resources such as water, electricity and so on. Also, we ought to plant more trees to reduce the greenhouse effect. In addition, we could try our best to publicize the knowledge of environment protection. 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