名词(可数名词和不可数名词)

专题一 名词 主要考查三个方面：1、联系上下文，考查同义词、近义词辨析；2、可数名词的单复数、不可数名词、抽象名词、名词词 组的意义和用法；3、名词的固定搭配和习惯用语。名词的数规则名词的复数形式规则 读音 例子 1 一般情况在词尾加s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在元音及浊辅音后读/z/ map_sea_girl_day_apple_ 规则 读音 例子 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加es es 一般读作/iz/ class_ box-_watch_ brush(刷子)-_3 以f或fe结尾的名词变f和fe为v再加es ves 一般读作/vz/ leaf（叶子）_thief(小偷)_knife_wife（妻子）_ 规则 读音 例子 4 以y结尾的名词 以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加es (e)s 一般读作/iz/ family_party_ story_city_以元音字母y结尾的名词 +ss 一般读作/z/ toy_boy_day_5.以o结尾的名词 有生命的一般加-es hero_ potato_tomato_无生命的一般加-s piano_ radio_zoo_ photo_可数名词复数形式的不规则变化规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式 man_ woman_ foot_ tooth_ goose_ 特殊：child_ mouse_ 2 单复数同形 sheep_ deer_ 3 只有复数形式 trousers clothes chopsticksglasses（眼镜） goods(商品)4 一些集体名词用作复数 people police cattle(牛) staff（全体职员） 规则 例词5 表示“某国人”变复数 加 - s American_ German_European_单复数同形 Chinese_ Japanese_以 -man或 -woman结尾的改为-men或-women Englishman_ Frenchwoman_ 记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面 常见的不可数名词类别例词物质名词液体 orange 橙汁 milk 牛奶 water 水 wine 酒 juice 果汁 tea 茶 coffee 咖啡 soup 汤 oil 油食物 bread 面包 meat 肉 cheese 奶酪自然物体 soil 土壤 sand 沙子 wood 木头 类别例词抽象名词情感 joy 高兴 friendship 友谊 peace 和平学科 math 数学 geography 地理 physics 物理 chemistry 化学 概念 advice 建议 information 信息 news 消息 time 时间 money 金钱population 人口 knowledge 知识music 音乐 不可数名词的量化具体的量数词量词of不可数名词two bottles of orange 大概的量表示量的限定词不可数名词some good pieces of news 不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示： a block of一块； a bottle of一瓶 a group of一群； a pile of一堆 a pair of一组/双/对； a piece of一片/张/块 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词单词 词义 可数名词 不可数名词 fish 鱼，鱼类 （条数，种类）（复数形式：fish） 鱼肉 room 房间 a room 空间 glass 玻璃杯 a glass; 眼镜（glasses） 玻璃 time 次数，倍数 three times 时间 experience 经历 an experience 经验 单词 词义 可数名词 不可数名词 work 作品 a work 工作 water 水域（waters） 水 orange 橘子（oranges） 橘子汁 food 食物种类 食物 【2016 广东】The broken _may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful. A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles 【2016广西来宾】There are many _ about this farm. Yes, lots of _ are planted on it. A. photo; potato B. photos; potatos C. photos; potatoes D. photoes; potatoes 1. Help yourself to some_. There are lots of vitamins in them.A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. potatos2.if you take a plane, you cannot take _ onto the plane with you.A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. a knives3. The _ have caught the two_ already.A. policeman; thief B. policemen; thiefs C. policemen; thieves D. policeman; thieves【2016重庆】Its sports time. Most students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A. boyB. boysC. boysD. boys【2015攀枝花】All the are from A. men doctors; Germany B. men doctors; German C. man doctors; Germany D. man doctor; German 【2015广安】How many can you see in the picture?TwoA. dog B. child C. sheeps D. sheep 【2015天河】Would you like something to drink? , please. A. Two bottle of orange B. Two bottle of orangesC. Two bottles of orange D. Two bottles of oranges 名词所有格s所有格 使用场合与构成方法 例子 1 单数名词在末尾加s the boys father 2 复数名词 一般在末尾加 the teachers room 不规则复数名词后加s Childrens Day 3表示各有关系时, 各名词末尾均须加s Janes and Marys bikes（两人各有） 表示共有关系时，在最后一词末加s Jane and Marys bike （两人共有） of所有格 “名词+of+名词” 表示物体所属关系。 使用场合与构成方法 例子 多用在无生命事物名词前 a map of China the legs of the chair 也可用于表示人和其他有生命的名词，一般用在名词定语较长的时候 Do you know the name of the boy sitting in bed? 注意 the story of Sun Yang Sun Yangs story 孙杨的故事 双重所有格 of + 名词所有格Lucy is a friend of my sisters. 露西是我妹妹的一个朋友。 of + 名词性物主代词a picture of her sons 她儿子的一张照片(属于儿子所有，但照片中的人不一定就她儿子) 由“数词 + 名词”构成的合成名词作定语时，其所有格一般用名词的单数形式，注意中间有连字符“-”。a two-day holiday 两天的假期a 200-metre-wide river 一条200米宽的河 少数名词使用的固定搭配（to所有格）the way to the bank the key to the door the answer to the question【2016山东东营】Are you sure this is a photo , the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didnt it? But she was once really thin. A. Jia LingB. Jia Lings C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Lings【2015武威】_ mothers cant go to parents meeting because they are too busy. A. Jacks and PaulB. Jacks and Pauls C. Jack and PaulsD. Jack and Paul【2014广东】Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _ Day. A. Woman B. Women C. Womans D. Womens 【2015黑龙江】Whose room is this? Is it the ?Yes, it is A. twins; Tom and Tims B. twins; Toms and TimsC. twins; Tom and Tim【2015临沂】 I live near the station. Its only about five walkA. minutes B. minuteC. minutes D. minutes1. _ school is quite near the bus station.A.Ted and Toms B. Teds and Toms C. Ted and Tom D. Ted and Toms2. Do you know the boy who is playing soccer there?Certainly. He is a friend of my _.A. brother B. brothers C. brothers D. brotherssReading timeAGREedydogwentintoabutchersshopandstoleabigjuicybone.Heranawaysofastthatthebutchercouldnotcatchhim.Heranoutintothefieldswithhisbone.Hewasgoingtoeatitallbyhimself.thedogcametoastream.Therewasanarrowbridgeacrossit.Thedogwalkedontothebridge,andlookedintothewater.Hecouldseeanotherdogwithabigboneinhismouth.theGREedydogthoughttheboneinthewaterlookedmuchbiggerthantheonehehadstolenfromthebutcher.theGREedydogdroppedthebonefromhismouth.Itfellintothewaterandwaslost.Hejumpedintothewatertosnatchthebiggerbonefromtheotherdog.theGREedydogjumpedintothewaterwithabigsplash.Helookedeverywherebuthecouldnotseetheotherdog.Hisshadowhadgone.thesillydogwenthomehungry.HelosthisboneandgotnothingbecausehehadbeentooGREedy.Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up in anger, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness. The Lion laughed and let him go.It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came up, and gnawed the rope with his teeth, and setting him free, exclaimed: You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, not expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favour; but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to confer benefits on a Lion.