句子的基本结构及成分.ppt

句子的类型,高中英语学习提高课程讲座（二）,简单句的分类,英语句子按照结构可以分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。,一、简单句,定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫做简单句。例如： Alice studied hard. Li Ming and Zhang Hua work in the same factory. Both Tony and Jim go to school at seven in the morning, have lunch there and come back at five in the afternoon.,一、简单句,简单句的5种结构 1. 主语+谓语 Her father works in Nanjing. She is walking along the lake. Spring has come.,一、简单句,2. 主语+系表结构 He is a teacher. Trees are green. She became angry at his words. The man seems kind.,常见的系动词有be,become,get,grow,look,turn,feel,taste, smell,seem,remain,sound,keep,fall,appear,go,etc.,主语+谓语+宾语 He found a bird in the tree. My sister enjoys the song. He forgot to post the letter. Mary denied taking the pen.,一、简单句,一、简单句,主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 He gave his sister a piano. She wrote him a long letter. The worker told us a lot about his life in the past. Would you tell me where to get the ticket?,双宾：1） 间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 2）直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语,常跟双宾语的动词: give, show, tell, lend, write, pass, hand, send, bring, return, sing, make, do, buy,etc.,一、简单句,5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 I found him busy. The news made her excited. They consider Jim a good student. I often hear her sing the song. We elected him monitor. She kept us waiting for half an hour.,6. There be / V + S seem, happen, live, stand, come, go, etc.,There seems to be no objections to the proposal. There lived a king long long ago.,1,他是个中学生。他16岁。be 烟越变越浓。grow 斯密斯先生的脸红了。turn 他们在教室里。be 混合物很难尝。taste 那小孩很快睡着了。 fall 肉已经变坏了。go 我们的愿望是学好英语。be 我父亲的工作是教数学。 be 他的话听起来有道理。sound,He is a middle school student. He is 16. The smoke grew thicker and thicker. Mr Smiths face turned red. They are in the classroom. The mixture tastes terrible. The kid fell asleep soon. The meat has gone bad. Our hope is to learn English well. His fathers job is teaching maths. His words sound reasonable.,2,我们爱科学。 他正在学英语。 她喜欢音乐。 王平擅长游泳。 汤姆怕蛇。 我们过着幸福的生活。 他想看那部电影。 小英雄停止了呼吸。,We love science. He is learning English. She likes music. Wang Ping is good at swimming. Tom is afraid of snake. We are living a happy life. He wants to see that film. The little hero stopped his breath.,3,我不会游泳。 李平正坐在树下。 孩子们在操场上玩。 飞机消失在天空中。 近几年，我国发生了很大的变化。 马丽没回答。 那儿发生了什么事？ 她一言不发就走了。,I cant swim. Li Ping is sitting under the tree. The children are playing on the playground. The plane disappeared in the sky. Great changes have taken place in our country recently. Mary didnt answer. What happened there? She left without saying a word.,4,请给我一些面包吃。 你能把橡皮借给我吗？ 他给富人的孩子上课。 我父亲买了本辞典给我。 他给我看他的通行证。 马丽为我们唱了首歌。 张老师给我们讲了个故事。 恩格斯给他写了封信表扬他。,Please give me some bread to eat. Can you lend me your rubber? He gave lessons to the children of the rich. My father bought me a dictionary. He showed me his pass. Mary sang a song for us. Mr Zhang told us a story. Engels wrote him a letter to praise him.,5,他叫他儿子擦窗户。 我们必须把教室扫干净。 我见他在树上玩。 我发现窗碎了。 老板让他们整日整夜工作。 我认为学习外语很重要。 我们把每天读英语作为常规。,He asked his son to clean the windows. We must make our classroom clean. I saw him playing in the tree. I found the window broken. The boss had them working all day and all night. We think it important to learn English. We make it a rule to read English every day.,6,房子前面有棵树。 铃响了。 希腊有个伟大的思想家。 碰巧家里没人。 学校里有个小小的池塘。 那儿过去有座桥。 教室里好像有个人。,There is/stands a tree in front of the house. There goes the bell. There was/lived a great thinker in Greece. There happened to be no person at home. There is/lies a small pond in the school. There used to be a bridge. There seemed to be somebody in the classroom.,Use the words to form sentences. Change the form of them if necessary. Example: pen, belong to, woman, the, that The pen belongs to that woman. 1. the workers, remove, the broken door The workers are removing the broken door. 2. only a girl, the car accident, survive Only a girl survived the car accident. 3. a fancy castle, the mountain, there is, on There is a fancy castle on the mountain.,III. Practising,4. the sun, no doubt, there is, the earth, that, move around There is no doubt that the earth moves around the sun. 5. the Forbidden City, worth, visit, is, again The Forbidden City is worth visiting again. 6. the police, in search of, the robber, were, yesterday The police were in search of the robber yesterday.,Practising, writing,【写作内容】 你家养了一只宠物狗, 名叫Lily, 经常跟爷爷奶奶在一起. 根据下列内容, 写一篇英语短文. 宠物狗与奶奶关系很好; 奶奶经常遛狗,锻炼身体; 奶奶的血压降下来了,很少去看医生了; 奶奶不再感到孤独,笑容也多了. 【写作要求】 只能使用五个句子表达全部内容.,二、并列句,定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接在一起构成的句子。并列连词有and, but, or, so, eitheror, neithernor not onlybut also 结构: 简单句+并列连词+简单句 This is mine and that is hers. These shoes are not cheap but they are very good.,定义: 复合句(主从复合句)是有一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子.复合句中的主句和从句都具有完成的主谓结构。主句是复合句的主体，可以独立存在。从句需要有一个连词引导，是修饰说明主语的，不能独立存在。根据在句中不同的作用，从句可以分为三大类：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句。,二、复合句,主语从句,主语从句在复合句中充当主语。可以引导主语从句的关联词有：that, whether, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how, whatever, whoever That he will succeed is certain. Whether she will go there is not known. What he said is not true. Who broke the window has not been found out. How he escaped is still a mystery.,表语从句是用作表语的句子.一般放在主语的谓语动词（连系动词）之后。引导表语从句的关联词有that, whether, asif, what, which, whom, whose, when, where, why, how The question is that he is also short of money. That is what I want to tell you.,表语从句,表语从句,The problem is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not. That is why he was late for school. It looked as if it is going to rain.,宾语从句,宾语从句是用作宾语的句子.除了谓语动词以外，介词，不定式，分词，动名词后面也可以带宾语从句。 类型： that 引导的宾语从句 if /whether引导的宾语从句 疑问词引导的宾语从句,宾语从句,I really feel that he needs more practice. The old lady likes saying that she has a good son. I want to know if she still lives here. This depends on whether he is interested in English.,宾语从句,I am not interested in what he is doing. I dont know why he didnt come. He asked whose handwriting is the best.,同位语从句,同位语从句常用that引导,同news, fact, hope, idea, promise, suggestion, 构成“The fact that+句子的”结构。 The fact that he won the first prize cant be true. Have you heard the news that Mary will get married soon? The suggestion that the plan should be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.,定语从句,定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。定语从句在句中起定语的作用，被定语 修饰的词为先行词。 The man who wrote the book is an English professor. I liked read the book that you read last month. She is the not on the train that arrived a few minutes ago.,状语从句,状语从句由连词引导，在句中不担当成分，只起到连接的作用根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为下列几种： 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。,时间状语从句,I was walking when she called me. While mother was cooking, I was watching TV. She had worked in Shanghai before she came here. After he did his homework, he went to bed. I have lived here since I graduated from university.,地点状语从句,Where there is no rain , farming is difficult. She follows him wherever he goes. Where there is life , there is hope. Sit wherever you like.,条件状语从句,If I had enough money , I would buy a car. I will go there so long as he invites me. If only he has a chance , he will do great things.,原因状语从句,Because he was ill , he was absent yesterday. Since she has no time , she cant go with you. As you are busy , I wont waste your time.,方式状语从句,Please do as I do . Just as water is to fish , so air is to man . The child talks as if he were a man .,目的状语从句,He studied hard so that he might succeed. Take your rain coat in case it rains. Be quiet in case you (should) wake the baby.,结果状语从句,She worked so hard that she became rich in a very short time. The train was so full that I could hardly turn round. The stone is so heavy that nobody could move it.,让步状语从句,The article is very important though it is very short. He failed even though he had tried his best. Whatever he says , dont believe him. No matter who comes, he is welcome.,