科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧.ppt

科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧,词义的选择,英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。 一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意思。 一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不同的词义。,根据词类选择词义 An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. 电子是绕着原子核转动带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） The earth goes round the sun. 地球环绕太阳运行。（介词） Round surface reflector is a key unit for the solar energy device. 弯曲面反射器是太阳能装置的关键元件。（形容词） The tree measures forty inches round. 这棵树树围40英寸。（副词） This is the whole round of knowledge. 这就是全部的知识范围。（名词）,Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。（形容词） In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮。（介词） It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. 正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等类物质。（名词） He likes making experiments in chemistry. 他喜欢做化学实验。（动词） Waves in water move like the waveform moves along a rope. 波在水中移动就象波形沿着绳子移动一样。（连词）,Plastics was at first based on coal and wood. 最初塑料是从煤和木材中提取的。（动词） As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt. 众所周知，碱与酸起反应变成盐。（名词） Iron and brass are base metals. 铁和黄铜为非贵重金属。（形容词） We have now accumulated a considerable body of knowledge about electronics. 目前，我们在电子学方面已经积累了大量知识。（名词） They are in desperate need of this kind of bodied oil. 他们非常需要这种聚合油。（过去分词） Imagination bodies forth the forms of things unknown. 想象力能使未知事物的形象呈现出来。（动词）,根据上下文选择词义 Our work today is to work out the design. 我们今天的工作是把设计做出来。 To move something is to do work. 移动物体就是作功。 We like his works very much. 我们非常喜欢他的著作。 The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country. 这些大型钢铁厂的建立会大大地加速我国钢铁工业的发展。 The works of these watches and clocks are all home-produced. 这些钟表里的机件全部都是国产的。,We should point out，however，that a11 electrical systems are not conservative 然而，应该指出并非所有电的系统都是守恒系统。 I f you push hard against something and move it，you have done work 如果用力推一件东西而移动了，就作了功。 Before it begins to work，the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in temperature 酵母在发酵之前，易受温度变化的影响而产生分解。 The volume varies as the temperature increases 体积随着温度增加而变化。,As cotton is liable to absorb moisture，the insulation will be adversely affected 因为棉花容易吸收水分，其绝缘性能会受到不利影响。 Small as atoms are，electrons are still smaller 原子虽然小，但电子更小。 Electrons move round the nucleus just as planets move round the sun 电子绕原子核转动，就像行星绕太阳运行一样。,根据学科专业选择词义 The electronic microscope possesses very high resolving power compared with the optical microscope. 与光学显微镜相比，电子显微镜具有极高的分辨率 Power can be transmitted over a long distance. 电力可以输送到很远的地方。 The fourth power of three is eighty-one. 3的4次方是81。 The combining power of one element in the compound must equal the combining power of the other element. 化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一元素的化合价。,Explosive technological development after 1940 gave the medical profession enormous power to fight disease and sickness. 1940年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。 Semiconductor devices have no filament or heaters and therefore require no heating power or warmed up time. 半导体器件没有灯丝，因此不需要加热功率和加热时间。 A car needs a lot of power to go fast. 汽车高速行驶需要很大动力。 Streams and waterfall are suitable for the development of hydroelectric power. 溪流和瀑布适合用于开发水电能源。,What is meant by “power”? By“ power”we mean the rate of doing work 功率是什么?所谓功率，我们指的是做功的速率。(机械学) Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours 在停电两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。(电学) The third power of 3 is 27。 3的三次方(幂)是27。(数学) This is a 2 0 power binocular microscope 这是一架20倍双目显微镜。(光学) Aluminum has a combining power of three 铝的化合价是三。(化学) It is beyond the power of medicine to cure him 他的病非药力所能治愈。(医学),The nucleus is the information center of the cell. 细胞核是细胞的信息中枢。 He was imprisoned in a cell. 他被关在监狱的单人小牢房中。 In the center of the spacious workshop stood a cell with packets of block anodes. 在宽敞的车间中央有一个装有一组组阳极板的电解槽。 When the ends of a copper wire are joined to a device called an electric cell a steady stream of electricity flows through the wire. 当把一根铜丝的两端连接到一种叫做电池的电器上时，就会有稳定的电流流过该铜丝。,The lathe should be set on a firm base 车床应安装在坚实的底座上。(机械) As we all know，a base reacts with an acid to form a salt 众所周知，碱与酸反应生成盐。(化学) A transistor has three electrodes，the emitter，the base and the collector 晶体管有三个电极，即发射极，基极和集电极。(电子) Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC AB线是三角形ABC的底边。(几何) A base of logarithms must be a positive number，not equal to One 对数的底数必须是一个不为1的正数。(数学) He is on the second base 他在二垒。(体育),试译下列各句，注意根据词类确定划线词的词义： Aluminum is light and strong so that it is widely used in aircraft industry. Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract. It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like. A magnetic field is build up round the coil. Small as atoms are, electrons are still smaller.,Key: 铝既轻又坚硬，所以广泛用于航空工业。 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 正是原子构成了铁、水、氧等等。 线圈周围形成了一个磁场。 原子虽小，但电子却更小。,试译下列各句，注意根据上下文确定划线词的词义： When sunlight falls on the leaves of plants, it is transformed into chemical energy. There is no physical contact between workpiece and tool. The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. The thicker the wire, the more freely it will carry current, and the less its resistance. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low.,Key: 当阳光照在植物的叶子上时，就变成化学能。 工件和刀具不直接接触。 功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。 导线越粗，就越容易导电，电阻也就越小。 气压低，沸点就低。,