句子成分和五种基本句型

Practise the tongue twisters.A big black bug bit a big black bear.This is the big black bear that the big black bug bit.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语 句子结构及句子成分句子结构及句子成分n句子成分句子成分句子是由不同的部分组成，句子是由不同的部分组成，这些部分就叫做句子成分。这些部分就叫做句子成分。句子成分可以是句子成分可以是单词、词组或句子（从句）。单词、词组或句子（从句）。由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫简单句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分简单句只包含一个主谓结构，各成分都都由词由词或词组担任。或词组担任。简单句简单句 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型（一）（一）主语主语+不及物动词（主、谓结构）不及物动词（主、谓结构）1）He is working.2）He works here.你应当努力学习。你应当努力学习。You should study hard.会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。The meeting will last two hours.她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。She went home very late yesterday.主语主语谓语谓语主语主语谓语谓语（二）主语（二）主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 （主、谓、宾结构）（主、谓、宾结构）1）We study English every day.2）They are playing football.昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。I wrote a letter last night.这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times.他们会说英语。他们会说英语。They can speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（三）（三）主语主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 （主、系、表结构）（主、系、表结构）1)Trees turn green.2）He is happy.布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs.Brown looks very healthy.树叶已经变黄了。树叶已经变黄了。The leaves have turned yellow.这个报告听起来很有意思。这个报告听起来很有意思。The report sounds interesting.主语主语表语表语主语主语表语表语（四（四)主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间宾（人）间宾（人）+直宾（物）直宾（物）=主语主语+及物动词及物动词+直宾直宾+to/for+间宾间宾常用的有：常用的有：give;pass;show;lend;buy.1)I gave him a book.=I gave a book to him.2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.=My mother bought a pen for me.Johnson 先生去年教我们英语。先生去年教我们英语。Mr.Johnson taught us English last year.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told me an interesting story last night.间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语（五）（五）主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补1)We call him Jim.2)We must keep the window open.我们叫她我们叫她Alice。We call her Alice.每天我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天我们都听到他大声朗读英语。Every day we hear him read English aloud.我们要使学校变得更美丽。我们要使学校变得更美丽。We will make our school more beautiful.附：附：There be 句型句型1)There is a pen on the desk.2)There are many teachers here.二月份有二十八天。二月份有二十八天。There are twenty-eight days in February.去年这个村子只有一口井。去年这个村子只有一口井。There was only one well in the village last year.办公室里肯定有人。办公室里肯定有人。There must be someone in the office.句子的成分句子的成分构成句子的各个部分叫做构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分句子成分。主语主语（subject）、）、谓语谓语（predicate）、）、表语表语(predicative)、宾语、宾语(object)、宾语宾语补足语补足语(object complement)、定语定语(attribute)和和状语状语(adverbial)句子的具体成分句子的具体成分（一）（一）主语：主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。体，一般位于句首。但在但在there be结构、结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问句（当主语不是是疑问词时）和倒装疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。词后面。1.American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English.3.Everything is going well.4.To say is easy.5.Smoking is bad for health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.It is necessary to learn English well._(二二)谓语谓语:说明主语所做的动作或说明主语所做的动作或具有具有的的特征和特征和状态状态，动词在句中作谓语，一般放主语之后。动词在句中作谓语，一般放主语之后。1.He runs every morning.简单谓语：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。由一个动词或动词短语构成。2.You may keep the book for two weeks.复合谓语：复合谓语：情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。3.At last he got home.4.He didnt come(三三)表语表语:用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。1.His hobby is playing football.2.Is it yours?3.The weather has turned cold.4.Three times seven is twenty-one.5.The boy became a doctor.(四四)宾语宾语:表示动作的对象或承表示动作的对象或承受受者，一般者，一般位于及物动词位于及物动词或或介词后面。介词后面。1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2.They helped the old with their housework.3.He pretended not to see me.4.I enjoy listening to popular music.5.I know（that）he is good at English.(五五)宾语补足语宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词，除英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。语，才能使句子的意义完整。1.His father named him Li Hua.2.They painted their boat white.3.We saw her entering the room.4.We found everything in good order.5.We will make our city more beautiful.(六六)定语定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。从句称为定语。1.Guilin is a beautiful city.2.China is a developing country.3.He is reading an article about history.4.He is always the first to come here.5.I like the book that you gave me.(七七)状语状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。做状语。1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.She didnt go to the party because it rained.4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.指出划线部分的句子成分指出划线部分的句子成分1.Smoking is not good for health.2.We have finished reading the book.3.She wants to go home.4.He bought me a book.5.The baby is asleep.6.Lucy made him angry.7.I have something to tell you.8.He will get to Shanghai tomorrow.9.There is no water in the river.10.I like music that I can dance to.表语表语定语定语状语状语宾语补足语宾语补足语直接宾语直接宾语宾语宾语谓谓语语 主主语语主主语语定语定语II、将下列汉语翻译成英语，注意运用英语的五个将下列汉语翻译成英语，注意运用英语的五个基本句型（包括基本句型（包括there be句型）句型）1.他教我们英语。他教我们英语。2.去年他住在这儿。去年他住在这儿。3.这些学生看起来很开心这些学生看起来很开心4.这个教室里有很多老师。这个教室里有很多老师。5.我通过听磁带学习英语。我通过听磁带学习英语。I learn English by listening to tapes.He lived here last year There are many teachers in the classroom.These students look very happy.He teaches us English.A big black bug bit a big black bear.But where is the big black bear that the black bug bit?Read the tongue twisters.谢谢提出宝贵意见！谢谢提出宝贵意见！