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高三英语总复习语法系列训练,复合宾语详解,宝安高级中学高三英语备课组,英语的五个基本结构S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明:S主语;V谓语;P表语;O宾语;O1间接宾语;O2直接宾语;C宾语补足语,1S十V句式Herunsquickly他跑得快。2S十V十P句式:Thestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。3S十V十O句式Theybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。4S十V十O1十O2句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。5S十V十O十C句式Theyfoundherhappythatday他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:,1、名词:Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注:常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,feel等。注:充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时,前面一般不用冠词,如:TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.,2、形容词:Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.注:常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有:believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,以及paint,drive,turn,cut等。,3、现在分词:Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:,5、过去分词:HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.,6此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如:Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.,4、动词不定式:Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.,一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有:,二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:,1、当名词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时,它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系(或称表语关系),若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。试比较:Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.(Yourroomiscleanandtidy.)Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.(Thechildrenareatplayoutside.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:,2、当现在分词和动词不定式充当宾语补足语时,它们和宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作,(若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整),如:Hesawanoldmangettingonthebus.(Anoldmanwasgettingonthebus.)Didyouseeayoungmanenterthehouse?(Ayoungmanenteredthehouse.),二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系:,3、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时,它与宾语之间有着动宾关系,即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.),三、在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中,有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语;有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语;还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语:,1、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:catch,keep,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如:Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.,2、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,encourage,let,allow,permit,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,callon,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor/think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。,3、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,listento,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leave等。,四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to的取舍问题:,1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe等动词后的不定式需省去to。2、feel一词,跟tobe型不定式带to;跟todo型不定式不带to。3、help一词后的不定式,可带to,也可以不带to。,(请参见“动词不定式”一节),五、在复合宾语中,宾语通常为名词或代词,但有时也可以用不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或that从句来充当。这时,应使用先行it代替宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部,如:,Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注意:在这种结构中,宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词;常用于这种结构的动词有:feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。,翻译练习:1、我们叫她Alice。2、他的父母给他取名为John。3、我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4、他们把门推开了。5、他们把小偷释放了。6、我们要使学校变得更美丽。7、他请我们参加做游戏。,WecallherAlice.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theypushedthedooropen.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Heaskedustojoininthegame.,翻译练习:8、我要你把真相告诉我。9、卫兵命令我们立即离开。10、明天我要找人来修理机器。11、每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。12、痛苦使得他叫喊起来。13、我们不会让她在晚上外出的。14、他每个月理一次发。,Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.TomorrowIllhavesomeonerepairthemachine.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Thepainmadehimcryout.Wewontlethergooutatnight.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.,翻译练习:15、我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。16、她正在听人家讲故事。17、我从来没看见这个字这样用过。18、他感到很难跟你交谈。19、我想乘船去那里更舒服些。20、我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。21、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。,Illgetmyrecordermended.Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.,
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