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上海牛津英语六年级 上下册全知识点梳理频度副词always/sometimes/usually/never是频度副词，提问应该要用Howoften在句中的位置是：放在行为动词的前面，放在be动词的后面。也可以说“行前系后。E.g Sheisalwayskind.她总是很善良的。 Shealwayshelpsotherpeople.她总是帮助其他人。不能出现这样的句子：Sheisalwayshelpsotherpeople.()一句话中不能同时出现两个动词。并且要注意主谓保持一致，尤其注意第三人称单数不可以忽略。how often 及 how many timeshow often 提问“频率次数+时间范围how many times 提问“频率次数e.g. How often do you exercise Twice a week. How many times have you been there Twice. 副词表示动作特征或性状特征。一般用来形容或修饰除了名词和代词以外的词，主要修饰形容词、动词、其他副词和句子。He looks very happy.修饰形容词The old lady is walking slowly now.修饰动词Luckily, he got the first prize.修饰句子形容词后面+ly构成副词: slowslowly slightslightly quickquickly carefulcarefully fiercefiercelyimmediateimmediately gentlegently luckyluckily happyhappily 介词Whatelsedoyoudowithyour你和你的还干什么？With是个介词，后面接人称代词时，要用宾格的形式。Withme/him/her/it/us/them在具体的某一楼层只能用介词on，并且第几层还要用序数词Onthegroundfloor,onthefirstfloor,onthefifteenthfloor具体的某一天介词只能用onOnSunday,OnSundaymorning,OntheOpenDayheoneontheleft/right左边/右边的这个theoneinthemiddle中间的这个如果是介词短语修饰theone，应该要放在theone后面，如果是形容词应放theone的中间theleft/rightonethemiddleoneatweekends=attheweekend在周末现在完成时现在完成时的构成是：have/has+动词的过去分词。have/has been to 去过，到过 (表示现在已经回来)have/has been in 住在 = have lived / stayed in have/has gone to 去，到. (表示现在还没有回来)e.g. We have already been to Changfeng Park.I have lived in Shanghai for thirteen years. Haveyoubeento.yet 你去过.吗？Yes,Ihavealready/justbeento./beenthere. 是的，我已经去过了。No,Ihaventbeento/beenthereyet. 不，还没有去过。already 已经(多用于肯定句，放于动词前) yet 迄今，还(多用于疑问句和否认句，放于句末)just 刚刚 (用法和位置和already一样) e.g. I have already been to Lilys home. Have you been to Lilys home yet No, I havent been to her home yet. live / stay for在住/待(时间)for +一段时间，多及现在完成时连用表示动作从过去延续到现在的一段时间，并用how long提问。代词one 用来指代一个人或事物，而ones用来指代一些人或事物。定冠词the定冠词the的用法： a. 在球类运动前不加定冠词the play football / basketball / tennis, etc. b. 在乐器前必须加定冠词the play the piano / violin, etc. c. 在watching television中，不加定冠词the时间表达方式onthetenthofSeptember/onSeptembertenth 9月10日twofifteen =aquarterpasttwo 2:15 Threeten=tenpastthree 3:10Onethirty=halfpastone 1:30twoforty=twentytothree 2:40 halfanhour = 30 minutes用了halfanhour后面就不能再有minutesoneandahalfhours=onehourandahalf 一个半小时Onehourandtwentyminutes 一小时二十分钟a.m./p.m.分别表示上午和下午。First,/Next,/Then/Afterthat,/Finally,Finally = atlast = intheend时间状语从句when 当.的时候 引导时间状语从句，表示一个动作及另一个动作同一时间发生，或一个动作在另一个动作所延续的范围之内发生。主从句时态要一致。当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。 What can you see when there is a typhoon 当有台风时，你能看见什么？When it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go out for a walk. 当明天天气不下雨时，我将出去散步。交通工具By bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferryridetakea bus/bike/car/underground/train/ferryHegoestoschoolbybus.=Hetakesabustoschool.Hegoestoschoolbybike.=Herideshis/abiketoschool.=Hecyclestoschool.其他的交通工具都能用take来表示乘，但bike只能用rideabikeonfoot步行 Shegoestoworkonfooteveryday.=Shewalkstoworkeveryday.数词、量词afew只能修饰可数名词，及可数名词的复数形式连用alittle只能修饰不可数名词some/alotof既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词。当及可数名词连用时，只能及可数名词的复数形式连用Some用在肯定句中，any用于否认和疑问句中。plenty of “许多，大量，后面可跟不可数名词或可数名词复数too much 太多+不可数名词too many 太多+可数名词复数e.g. Dont drink too much cola. 不要喝太多的可乐。 Too many sweets are bad for your teeth. 吃太多糖对你的牙齿不好。too little 太少+不可数名词too few 太少+可数名词复数可以用not.enough 修饰可数或不可数名词构造改写句子。e.g. You eat too little fruit. = You dont eat enough fruit. less 更少+不可数名词 less是little的比拟级fewer 更少+可数名词 fewer是few的比拟级more 更多+可数名词、不可数名词 more是many、much共同的比拟级e.g. You should have less meat, fewer soft drinks and do more exercise. 你应该少吃肉，少喝软饮料，多做运动。 once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上: 数字+timesa quarter of 四分之一 three quarters of 四分之三量词：asliceof/slicesof;atinof/tinsof;abagof/bagsof;apieceof/piecesof问句Howmanyunclesdoyouhave你有多少个叔叔？Howmany后面接可数名词的复数形式。Whydoyoulike你为什么喜欢？Ilikebecause我喜欢是因为Whichplaceshallwevisit我们将参加哪个地方？Whenarewegoingtocomeback我们将什么时候回来？Whatkindofsoup/fruitwouldyoulike你想要哪种汤/水果？Whatdoesthissignmean这个标志意味着什么？Whatdoesthissignmean=whatisthemeaningofthissign Wherecanwefindit我们在哪里能找到它？Whichdoormustweuse我们必须要使用哪一扇门？Wouldyoulikericeornoodlesfordinnertonight你晚饭是想吃饭还是吃面条？or在这里是标示一种选择关系。A:MayIhavesome,pleaseB:Ok.Hereyouare./Sorry.Ihaventgotany.MayI？用于提出请求。答复时，表示允许，常用Ok。/Sure./Allright./Yes,youmay.表示拒绝时，常用No,youmaynot./Imafraidyoucant.并且maynot不能用缩写的形式。 A:WouldyoulikesomeB:Yes,please./No,thanks.承受别人的请求时，应说Yes,please.；拒绝别人时，应说No,thanks.Idontwantanybecauseits/theyre(too)sweet/salty/spicy/sour/bitterHow often？ “多久一次，用于对时间频率提问。情态动词must意为“必须表示很重要或必要。mustnot意为“不准，表示不允许或制止must是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。Wemustnteatordrink.or用于否认句中表示“并列and用于肯定句中表示“并列。 Donttalkloudly.=Wemustnttalkloudly.情态动词的一般疑问句就是把情态动词提前，后面照抄。句号改为问号。Mustwewaitforthegreenmanmust作为情态动词表示“必须，否认式mustnt表示“制止，不允许，注意由must提问的一般疑问句肯定答复用Yes, must ; 否认答复用No, you neednt.花钱花时间cost以物作主语，通常是问价钱Take以it作主语，通常是花费时间Ittakesme 10 minutestogotoschool.Spend以人作主语，既可以是花费金钱，也可以是花费时间。Spendtime/moneyonsth.spendtime/moneyindoingsth.E.g Ispendtwoyuanonthispen.=Ispendtwoyuaninbuyingthispen.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间做某事。Ittakesmeaboutfifteenminutestogotoschool.我去学校要花费15分钟。Howmuchdoesitcost它花费多少钱？Howmuchwasit=Howmuchdiditcost=Whatwasthepriceofit它多少钱。Howlongdoesittakeyoutogetto它花费你多长时间到达地点、方位表述near离很近后面直接接地点Ilivenearschool.=Myhomeisnearschool.我家离学校很近。farawayfrom=farfrom离很远Helivesfarawayfromschool.=Hishomeisfarfrom getto“到达表示“到达那里只能说getthereHewillarriveinShanghaiattwooclock.reach是个及物动词，后面直接接地点名词Ireachschool / gettoschool leave for 出发去动身去leave A 离开A地 e.g. He will leave Shanghai. leave for B 出发去B地e.g. He will leave for Tokyo. leave A for B 离开A地去B地e.g. He will leave Shanghai for Tokyo. arrive + in 大地方 (如国家、城市等范围较大的地方) e.g. arrive in China / Shanghaiarrive + at 小地方 (如车站、学校等小范围的地方)e.g. arrive at the airport / school. 方位词：east / west / north / south / north-east / north-west / south-east / south-west 用法：a. 两地不相邻: e.g. A is north B. = to the south of b. 两地接壤: e.g. A is on the north of B. c. 所属关系，A包含B, B属于A: e.g. B is in the north of A. 表示提议的句型Shallwehaveapicnictomorrow=Letshaveapicnictomorrow.明天我们野餐怎么样？/我们明天去野餐吧！Shallwe？/Lets用于提出建议。Shall是个情态动词，后面接动词原形。Lets后面也是接动词原形。Thatsagoodidea.那是个不错的主意。 -Wouldyoulikesomesnacks-No,thanks.Idontwantany.Iwantsomefruit.Howabout=whatabout怎么样？ Why/Whynot为什么？/为什么不？将来时一般将来时：用于表示将来某个时间发生的动作或状态。常及tomorrow, next +时间词，in+一段时间, in the future等连用。其动词形式有will/shall + do 或 is/am/are going to + do(动词原形)will/begoingtowill是个情态动词，没有人称的变化.E.g HewillarriveinShanghaiattwooclock. Iwillmeetthemattheentrance. Yourparentswillarriveattwooclock.但是begoingto有人称的变化.Heisgoingtogofishingtomorrow.Iamgoingtogofishingtomorrow.Theyaregoingtogofishingtomorrow.都是用来表将来的，他们后面应该接动词的原形。if引导的条件状语从句，当主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现。If there is no rain, we will have no water to drink.如果没有雨，我们将没有水喝。连词连词主要连接两个简单句并列连词有and并且，和; but但是; or或者，否那么的话; so所以; for因为。Shecantreadorwrite.她既不会读也不会写。or用在否认句中表平列关系。and用在肯定句中表平列关系。Shecanreadandwrite.她既会读又会写。also，too两个都可以表示“也，also用在句中，但是too用在句尾，并且要用逗号隔开。 连词because引导原因状语从句。比拟级最高级healthierthan比-安康lesshealthythan比-不安康ashealthyas像-一样的安康asunhealthyas像-一样的不安康than用于比拟级中as.as用于原级比拟one of the most intelligent animals最聪明的动物之一one of the most dangerous animals最危险的动物之一one of the + 形容词最高级+ 名词的复数，表示“最的之一。关系表达用于三者或以上：most /some / all /none of them 他们中的大多数/一些/全部/全都不是All of the bus drivers were men. 改否认句如下： None of the bus drivers was a man. 或者None of the bus drivers were men.用于两者之间：Both of my parents are engineers. 改否认句如下：Neither of my parents is an engineer.词组固定搭配use sth. to do用某物来做 use sth. for doing用某物来做liketodosth.=likedoingbekindtotellalie=telllies说谎sharesth.withforthefirsttime第一次wantsb.todosth.=wouldliketodoneedtodosth.需要做某事。Invitesbtosp邀请某人去某地haveagreat/goodtime玩得开心，过的愉快ontheroad在路上waitfor等待belateforschool迟到findout查出，弄清talktosb.对某人说，跟某人交谈。talkaboutsb./sth.谈论关于某人/某事。tellsb.todotellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事inthesameplace/indifferentplaces在同一个地方/在不同地方Howmuch.doweneed我们需要多少.？plan to do 方案做know about 知道/了解关于的事情give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. 给某人某物forget doing 忘记做过已做forget to do忘记去做未做 member用法及foeget一样 practise doing练习做，训练help do the housework 帮助做家务help sb. (to) do sth. 帮某人做某事 = help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事learn to do sth. 学会做某事 learnlearntlearnt have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事keep sb./sth. + adj. 保持某人或某物处于某种状态instead of (doing) sth. 代替，而不是be made of由制成的看得出原材料be made from由制成的看不出原材料be made by由谁制造的be made in由某地制造的 stop doing sth. 停顿正在做的事 stop to do sth. 停下去做某事 be important to sb. 对某人是重要的be important for sb. to do sth. 对某人做某事是重要的 provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物
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