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英文At present, many cities in our country exists the problem of heavy traffic, urban traffic problems have two main aspects: one is the city layout and road transportation capacity is insufficient, the supply shortage, On the other hand, because of the development of economy, the traffic demand increase. This requires using units per capita resource occupy road trip to alleviate traffic tools, increasingly serious traffic congestion, environmental protection, energy conservation has important significance. And because the bus with this advantage, alleviate the problem becomes possible to travel. Vigorously develop urban public transportation is ease traffic congestion in the first steps. Therefore, the development of urban public transport shall implement the bus priority of this concept. For the main urban public transportation, bus, the technology is improving its quality and level of user changes constantly meet vehicles and development.With the development of society and the improvement of peoples living standard, the development of urban public transport vehicle for the requirements from simple to the car has comfortable and clean and beautiful, quick, safe, convenient and environmental aspects of development needs. By bus priority and direction for the sustainable development in urban transportation, should meet the requirements under the optimum utilizing resources of traffic demand, and to improve the environmental quality of the three aspects.In contemporary scientific development road, transport development is the necessary premise we human progress, because we have a faster, more comfortable, transportation, people have the efficiency of the development of the work now. So said traffic, everything changes in automotive field, this changes also exist. Now, the car is not only the main transportation, is also one of the best trends and fashion. According to concerning sectional statistic, the metropolitan transportation artery and NOx national standards, the more serious CO automobile pollution has become the main air pollutants, some cities ozone concentration has occurred, the potential danger of photochemical smoke pollution, so choose the importance of bus trip. Furthermore RenYuan mostly on the bus, cant see out of the window, and the possibility of the bus passengers under the wrong is greatly increased. Therefore, in order to facilitate passengers and invented the stops circuitAnalyses the city bus stops and automatic speech text information displayed application situation, proposed how to be transformed into products and technologyMeet the actual application environment, can reflect the product design philosophy. productization Based on this concept, gives a specific site data configuration design scheme of the center of the equipment and the hardware and software design, and expounds the principle of work.Currently our city bus stops and the realization of automatic speech on the big screen realization of automatic text displayed relatively low degree of technology and its application status is relatively backward, roughly as follows:1) type manual control. This kind of controller, there is always a lot of button in the pit stop, vehicles, exit, the way to run several stages are needed to control the driver. In fact, the drivers main task is to ensure safe driving cars, with the additional needed by the operation, apparently hands will increase vehicle safety hazard. With the development of science and technology, the control method is very backward.2) wireless interactive type. In every bus stations and on the bus, installation of wireless transceiver module vehicles, by bus stations approaching car and wireless module, so as to achieve the complete information interaction, without the drivers operation automatically stops. This scheme is automated, obviously a former greatly improved, but also exists some defects, such as, in identifying vehicles is pulled into the site or the reliability of the site is not high, the site configuration workload big (such as power supply, etc.), so the scheme has some difficulty promotion.3) the GPS positioning. From the technical level, the scheme from the principle of low reliability problem is how to put an advanced technical achievements of the original reason for the product, but also the productization existed some shortage, such as: the contents of the voice stops to advance to the pronunciation chip, curing the design in many applications, but is widely used in this project, but it is not reasonable, because it goes universal design principle. Secondly, the screen will show content also stops to vehicle control system prior curing, from the users perspective, through the cable configuration or update a serial port has completed installation portable when the equipment. Be like again, make with LCD display terminals, a public environment.Visible, an advanced technology, a former rational technical research into a to the product characteristics and the productization needs not only design skills, need more technical principle in design to reflect a kind of product application environment, the design concept of user application requirements. Based on this, the paper in borrowingJian many technical research designed on the basis of the urban bus stops and automatic speech LED screen text information displayed system.The LED display is using light emitting diode matrix modules or pixels units flat display screen. Because it has the luminous rate is high, long service life, configuration, colourful and flexible for indoor and outdoor environment adaptiveness etc, since the late 1980s, with the continuous improvement of the LED manufacturing technology in abroad, has been widely used. After the reform and opening in China, especially in the 1990s, the national economic growth for public release information demand increasingly intense, LED display appear precisely adapted to the market situation, resulting in LED display design and manufacturing technology and application level are obtained a rapid increase. The LED display from monochrome, double-color graphic display, to display images, until the full color video screen today the development process. Whether during the performance (increase brightness LED display and blue light lamp etc.) and system composition (computerized all aspects of dynamic display system) has made great progress. Currently has reached the brightness of the video display all color, can satisfy all sorts of level of application conditions. Its applications throughout traffic, telecom, advertising and publicity, etc. The development of Chinese LED display that basically with world level synchronization, has formed a considerable development potential of the industry. It should be noted that China is not only in the application technology LED industry achieved great success, but also in the innovation ability has outstanding performance, such as Beijing ZhongQing data equipment company ZQL9701 vlsi chip, represents the LED display control circuit of the international level.With domestic LED display the rapid development of the industry, the LED display information to appear too little, designing and manufacturing personnel and maintenance personnel work, which had LED display technology to produce a book of the idea, the university of electronic science and technology press,d invite grass book writing. In the book were LED display, LED display device, the graphic display, image display, video screen and other relevant technical problem is described, in order to make the work in LED display all kinds of readers can get something from this book useful materials.Due to the LED display is a comprehensive application of products, involving photonics, semiconductor devices, digital circuit, large scale integrated circuit chip microcomputer etc, and each party and spend large space method are introduced, easy to dilute theme. Using integrated circuit chip and in the simple popularization of hardware and explicit and LED a software. Above all, self-sustaining field, in this book, only by all means are directly related to display the part, but not all of their pursuit of technology related to finish, Second, try using simple popular scheme not plan, can pursue relevant technical sophistication. For example in some control circuit, use conventional integrated circuit, and surface, and avoid all related technology top trouble, so as to achieve the objective streamline on content.1 the overall design ideas:1) control equipment highly automated. In order not to add extra burden to the driver, operating system design in car any operation of vehicles start button, the system can work. To achieve this, based on the principle of technology: embedded OS kernel INCE W, embedded systems hardware design, GPS technology and LED screen display technology.2) system embodies productization design concept. Urban transit stations and the content that speech, to make great differences of product design, can adapt to the differences in a certain line or to design, should guarantee the system hardware and software, namely the generality of the equipment installed to vehicle without prior curing voice or display content, because it will lose generality, Nor through wired communications interface to transfer or update the voice and display content, it will give users tremendous inconvenience, No, such as transmission medium GPRS will make the equipment cost and operation cost doubled. The design of the hardware and software system, it is the universal particularity reflected in the contents of a SD card, replace a SD card, then change the line.3) system to provide openness configuration using interface. The speech and diverse stops showing the contents of the final, complete by supplier or by user, also can measure a product of popularization, the design of main factors for users to open several application software interface, user can easily and quickly take specific lines of latitude and longitude of data each site, speech and LED display stops to the contents of the SD card, SD card can be inserted into the vehicle control system. From the phonetic editing, display content type to the latitude and longitude of data, all the work finished, all the users show great place user, opening a new lines or updates are extremely simple line.4) and trackside equipment embody embedded design concept. City bus or subway trains, different from inside the space is limited, which determines the design of the equipment, outstanding embedded concept. This design: the big screen LED display control part of the operating system OS2II/UC embedded operating systems, real-time ARM7 processor chips embedded processor choice. GPS data capture and analytical, speech broadcast part of the operating system selection may WinCE embedded real-time operating system, 0 ARM9 choice processor chips processor. In addition, in order to maximize the clipping the hardware structure of the equipment and system based on the principle of work, but is not the GPS technology vector map onto the on-board terminals. Embedded design technology ensures the on-board equipment smaller, low price and reliable, and suitable conditions, facilitate promotion.2 site configuration design dataSite configuration software installed on the bus, data center, a scheduling software application form to give users, it can complete the fundamentals for:1) speech editor. Able to edit, filtering voice source files, amplitude, interception and preservation.2) website localization. To load the vector map, locate sites can capture site longitude data.3) shows the editorial content. Can edit every site content, can edit vehicle pulled into the station, and that way suggestive and content.4) configuration or update lines. Can put into a configuration file or data SD card. SD card preservation have a database files and several attached file. The database file named: main landuse-dat. If the line is n sites, database file is n records, each record contains 3: the latitude and longitude of data items, audio file name and website site display file name. Attachment is n the audio file and n display file. N: each site audio file format for speech file format wav,. J: sound1 site 1 stops speech wav files, J: sound2 site 2 stops wav audio file, Soundn. Wav audio file name, site n. N: display file name, site display file format for TXT text format. Led1, TXT: 1 display file name, site Led2, TXT: 2 stops display file; site Ledn, TXT file name: site n show.3 automotive equipment hardware design3 1 working processThe equipment installed in transit vehicles, working principle and process is as follows:1) save hardware system of TTL FLASH loader, NANDFLASH kept on an operating system kernel and application, SDRAM for system memory, together with the minimum S3C2440 embedded system.2) equipment electric after the operation, the processor can immediately SD card of latitude and longitude of data read each site.3) start working, real-time GPS module capture process of vehicle location data, and then compared with the site, geographical data of concrete road vehicles. Vehicle state has four kinds: en, into, station, leaving. According to the different states of vehicle processor, call SD card different phonetic pronunciation document files, and start, SD card player calls in display content, transmission to the LED display shows, thus realizing the automated voice stops and text information automatically displayed. During operation stage, the LED display will continue to the next scroll display name, convenient traffic condition in grasping the passengers.3.2 processor selectionIn order to facilitate users to edit, configuration, improving site speech broadcast quality, the voice of speech in SD card save file format for general wav format, and can support play wav file format of several embedded real-time operating system, the operating system to support its WinCE higher degrees, the application program development, and more convenient to realize WinCE chose 5 0 as the on-board equipment operating system. Selection of samsung S3C2440 embedded processors as the on-board equipment CPU, because it is the main 400MHz reach for it, when TTL 64MB 2MB configuration, NANDFLASH 32MB and FLASH SDRAM, equipment can be smooth, reliable operation WinCE5. 0 operating system, it is important to have an IIS bus interface and can handle audio signal.3.3 audio decoding and broadcastUDA1341TS is specially dealing with audio signal of single chip stereo audio decoding chips, interior includes: digital-to-analog circuit, programmable gain amplifier circuit, digital automatic gain control circuit and the characteristics of digital audio processing circuit, and IIS bus interface can play high quality speech. In the hardware platform and corresponding Board Support Board (as), under the Support that BSP (samsung companies can provide source), application only need to call a AP I function can play in SD card audio file.3.4 LED display textThe LED display screen, with high brightness, low price and good visual features, LCD display, with more suitable for use in the bus. Figure 1 in LED display 128 x and the monochrome screen dot matrix, also can choose according to the specifications of the screen in other. In order to ensure users to edit display content and display body size, save to the display content SD card for text format, rather than bitmap format, because the text format and LED body specifications, matrix format and relevant specification LED screen body, users, only care about content, without having to concern the car installation is what kind of body, to avoid the edit screen display content does not adapt the vehicle mounted on the screen and cant display properly. To ensure the speech and the text synchronization, application in speech broadcast AP I call the function, the corresponding SD card in the text files through serial transmission to the LED display. The LED display control circuit of the core processor for LPC2138 (PH IL IPS ARM7 processor) of the company, it has 512 KB FLASH space, in addition to storage program code, still have a 16 (16 preinstalled matrix HanZiKu grade 2, when receiving S3C2440 transfer text characters code, data from equivalents in matrix and remove the LED screen displayed.4 WinCE5. 0 kernel structureBased on 5 0 WinCE operation system software development platform (such as EVC4. 0 or VS2005) inherited most Microsoft provides the AP I function invocation, to develop the programmer, application procedures for complex system on the bottom of the screen, most cases, only a function call. With embedded processors and memory chip price decreases, to construct a WinCE operation system can run with the hardware construct an operating system hardware equipment has not too big compared price barriers, and software and hardware platform, developers can concentrate on the development and application of the product can greatly shorten the development cycle. Below WinCE5 emphatically introduces the construction process, 0 kernel, does not involve the underlying BSP development.1) run Windows CE integrated development environment Platform 5 0 Builder.2) loading based on the specific hardware platform, if the hardware structure of BSP OEM suppliers, or on the basis of the parts, clipping need not shown in figure 1, then can directly use the OEM suppliers of BSP. 3) will provide the drive component BSP selectively load to the workspace, such as file drive, voice drives, SD card driver, serial driver etc. The driver, need only loading will WinCE kernel is small.4) compiling project, no error message, finally will automatically generate a named NK. WinCE5 of bin. 0 an operating system kernel.5) at compile successfully, and on the basis of a EVC4 for regeneration VS2005. 0 or use the SDK installation kits.6) using the OEM suppliers download software to download will NK, bin trackside equipment hardware circuit.This city bus stops and automatic speech big screen display system via text synchronization bus in the actual operation, to reach the design objective and the technical index, its design ideas and practical application of product has value.中文目前, 在我国众多大城市普遍存在交通拥挤问题, 造成城市交通问题的原因主要有两个方面: 一方面是城市布局及路网容量的不足, 即交通供给量不足; 另一方面则是因为经济的发展带来的交通需求量的增加。这就要求利用单位人均出行占用道路资源较少的交通工具, 以缓解日益严重的交通拥挤问题, 同时对于保护环境、节约能源有重要的意义。而公共汽车因为其具有这一优势, 成为缓解该问题的可行出行方式。大力发展公共交通是缓解城市交通拥挤问题的首选措施。因此应发展城市公共交通, 落实公交优先这一理念。对于城市公共交通的主体公共汽车,首当其冲的是不断地提高其技术水平和质量,使之满足车辆使用者不断变化的要求和发展。随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高,使得城市公交的发展对于公交车辆的要求已从简单的代步向舒适、洁净、美观、快捷、安全、方便、环保等多方面的需求发展。而以公交优先为导向, 在城市交通可持续发展的要求下,应该满足交通需求、资源优化利用以及改善环境质量三方面的要求。在当代科学发展的道路上，交通工如今的时代，万物日新月异，在汽车领域中，这种变化也同样存在。现在，汽车不仅仅是主要的交通工具之一，同时也是时尚和潮流的最好的体现。据有关部门统计，大城市交通干道的NOx和CO严重超过国家标准，汽车污染已成为主要的空气污染物，一些城市臭氧浓度严重超标，已具有发生光化学烟雾污染的潜在危险，所以选择公共汽车出行的重要性就体现出来了。再者公交车上大多人源比较多，可能看不到窗外，因而乘客错下公交车的可能性就大大增加了。因此为了方便乘客，便发明了报站电路。分析了我国城市公交自动语音报站及文字信息同步显示应用现状,提出一种如何将技术转化为产品并适应实际应用环境,能体现产品的“产品化”设计理念。基于这种理念,给出了一个具体的站点数据配置中心的设计方案和车载设备的硬软件设计方案,详细阐述了其工作原理。目前我国城市公交实现自动语音报站及在大屏幕上实现文字同步显示的自动程度还比较低,技术手段还比较落后,其应用现状大致如下:1)手动控制型。这类控制器通常有很多按钮,车辆在进站、到站、出站、途中运行几个阶段都需要司机来操控。事实上,司机的主要任务是保证车辆安全行驶,再赋予其额外的需要手眼并用的操作,显然会增加车辆行驶的安全隐患。随着科学技术发展,这种控制手段就显得十分落后。2)无线交互型。在每一公交站点和公交车辆上安装无线收发模块,车辆驶近公交站点时,通过车内外无线模块完成信息交互,从而实现自动报站,无需司机操作。此方案就自动化程度方面,显然较前者大有提高,但也存在一些缺陷,比如,在识别车辆是驶入站点还是驶离站点的可靠性还不高,站点配置工作量大(如电源等) ,因此此方案推广起来有一些难度。3) GPS定位型。从技术层面讲,此方案从原理上解决了可靠性低的问题,问题是如何把一个先进的原理性的技术成果转化为“产品化”的产品,还存在一些不足,如:把要报站的语音内容事先固化到语音芯片中,这种设计在很多应用中普遍采用,但就这个项目而言,却十分不合理,因为它有悖于“通用化”设计原则。其次,把显示屏要显示的报站内容也事先固化到车载控制系统内,从用户角度看,通过有线的串行口配置或更新一个已经安装完成的“移动式”的车载设备谈何容易。再如,用液晶显示屏作显示终端,很不适应公交环境。 可见,一个先进的技术,一个原理性的技术研究成果要转化为一个具有“产品化”特征的产品,不仅需要设计人员熟练掌握技术原理,更需要设计人员在设计时体现一种适应产品应用环境、符合用户应用需求的设计理念。基于此,本文在借鉴众多技术研究成果的基础上设计了这款“城市公交自动语音报站及LED大屏幕文字信息同步显示系统”。
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