资源描述
Unit 1 Starting out Inside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, its Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And whats your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li. ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys. Janet Wheres my room? Porter Youre in Staircase 6 Room 5. Janet Who am I sharing with? Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er.theres a Ms Santos in the room next to you. Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory. Porter Well, here you dont have to share with anyone. Janet Thank you Sir. Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart. Janet Please call me Janet! Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess were neighbours. My names Kate Santos. Janet Im Janet Li. Where are you from? Kate From New York. How about you? Janet Im from Anshan in China. Kate Is Janet your real name? Janet No, its my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, its short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall. Janet Is this where we have all our meals? Kate I guess. Mark You just arrived? Girls Yes! Mark Me too. By the way, Im Mark. Nice to meet you. Kate Hi, Im Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess youre from the States. Kate Right! How can you tell? Youre British, huh? Mark Yes, Im from London. And you are .? Janet Im Li Hui. Im from China. But you can call me Janet. Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading? Janet English. Mark How about you, Kate? Kate My major is law. And you? Mark Im studying PPE.Kate Thats a special Oxford subject, isnt it?Outside viewJulie My names Julie Dearden, and Im the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College.Eugene My names Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much more liberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven oclock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. Its a very beautiful evening because there are, theres a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debating society where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets up very early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and all the students go to listen to the singing. So its very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in May in the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up the river.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and its called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear e. gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuse and they must wear this uniform in order to take their examinations.Eugene I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and its such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. For example, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different coloured flowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pink flower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which youre not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think its part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? Youre a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor Thats right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: Theres Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.Interviewer Ah, OK. And whats the sporting . I believe theres some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasnt possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather theyre academically very, very important, theyre very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. Theyre near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And theyre almost always in the top one per cent of the worlds academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if youve been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them.Interviewer And do you know . whys it called the Ivy League, whats the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly its based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, thats the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, thats Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. Its about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane Ive heard about that film, yes. Hes played by Russell Crowe, isnt he? I like Russell Crowe, hes great.Andy Thats the one, yes.Jane Whats it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nashs life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane Thats one of the Ivy League schools, isnt it?Andy Yes, its all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. Its lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing hes looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So hes not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but hes not very good with people or successful with women, thats all. But, you know, its one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy Thats about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that hes been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point hes chased by the Russians, and its after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think Ive seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when hes put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. Hes given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but its well acted and directed, and so, you know, theres a-bit of distance between the audience and whats happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because were no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nashs mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, Im kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while hes using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 3 Learning to think Inside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, whatre you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much . Well, Im just doing this quiz here in the newspaper. Mark Lets have a look then. Janet Here. Its called, How much do you know about memory? Ive just done it. Do you want to have a go? Mark OK, might as well. Im not busy. Janet Right. Look, Ill read the statements. Then you have to answer true or false. Ready? Mark Yea. Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false? Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer. Janet Youre right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory. Mark That sounds about right. True? Janet No, wrong, Im afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory. Mark Really? Actually, Ive got a pretty good memory. Janet Have you? OK . Next one . When youre tired, its more difficult to remember things. Mark Thats true, obviously. I cant remember a thing when Im tired. Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve. Mark Im not sure . True?Janet Actually, its false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory. Mark I read something in The Times about that. True. Janet True, it says here. Mark Oh, no! Ive got a lecture. Id forgotten. Id better get going! Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate Youre looking a bit down, Janet. Whats up? Janet Well. Im finding studying at Oxford quite hard. Kate Youre telling me! Theres so much work! Janet Its not the amount of work - but everythings so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we dont have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tells us what we should do. So Im not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult. Kate You have to memorize a lot, dont you? Janet Yes, but Im good at that. Kate Youre lucky. Theres so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, weve been trained to do that. But we dont have so much training in critical thinking. Kate What do you mean by critical thinking? Janet Let me think . I think its giving your opinion and then justifying it. Kate Yes, I suppose thats what our teachers have always encouraged us to do. Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose. Kate Hey! How about this? Lets pretend Im your tutor. Ill make a statement. Your task is to examine it and then ask questions. Janet OK. Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question! Janet Why do you say that? Kate Thats what the research tells us. Now ask another one. Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um . No! Look, Im starving and I cant think at all when Im hungry.Outside viewPart 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What were going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes . No .Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you havent. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No .Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 Its a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What Id like to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in a shorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps to collect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um, quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. Thats a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision. Before an exam, after having studied for many, many days or even weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. Thats, thats a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, Id like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead of just writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpful for people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, not long texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any other advantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. Thats, thats a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of the box or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, Id like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mind maps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mind maps. And then Id just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in the centre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map?Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. This helps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas or central ideas to key words to sub-words and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.Teacher I did. I perhaps use too many colours. I have used different colour to show the different key words or different aspects of mind mapping. You might like to use different colours to highlight different sections of a mind map or key information. Or you may, you may choose to have it all in one colour. Its very much a personal choice, depending on how you like to, to think and, and plan your thinking. You
展开阅读全文