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初二英语上册知识点(短语、句型)MODULE11、如有 always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a,every. 用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment 用现在进行时,结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in + 一段时间 , some day, next 用一般将来时,结构:will + v原 be going to +v 原(没有动词用 be )4、如有yesterday, ago , last just now 用一般过去时动词加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day 每天 ,write down 写下,记下write it (them) down everyday 每天的,日常的 ,how about doing sth.=what about doing sth. 做怎么样each other 互相 .thanks a lot= thank you very much 非常谢谢回答 Thats all right. =Youre welcome.= ThatOK.= Its my pleasure.=Not at all.Why dont you+V 原 .=why not+.V 原为什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人help sb. (to )do sth. 帮助某人做某事with ones help=with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助 help oneself to sth. 请自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过)watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似remember to do sth. 想起记得要做某事,未做事remember doing sth. 相起记得做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 welcome back 欢迎回来,this term 这学期 ,last term 上学期 ,why not 为什么不 ,correct spelling 正确的拼写 , a piece of advice 一条建议 ,forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事new term 新学期next term 下学学期 ,give you some advice 给你一些建议make a mistake=make mistakes 犯错误what else?=what other things? 还有什么follow /take ones advice 采用别人的建议send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for 派人去请/取send up 发射 .all the time 一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快 lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数)许多,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth. 某人花费钱买某物Cost:sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱pay:sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth. 做某事花去某人时间ask for 请求,要求,ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of 一块enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue, 这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ingplace sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在 里面else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all, much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格为 elses.take a deep breath 深呼吸 , catchhold ones breath 屏住呼吸 , out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the number of的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单,a number of =many,大量,许多后跟名词复数,动词用复数形式。 a large number of, a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事find+ it+ adj+to do sth. 发现做某事怎么样try to do sth. 尽力做事try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth . 尽力不做某事try ones best 尽某人最大的努力 ,a group of 一组,一群 ,borrow sth from sb. 从某人处借入某物 ,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物keep借一段时间practice doing sth.,练习做做某事come from=be from 来自,look for 寻找 ,look after=care for=take care of 照顾look up 向上看,查阅 ,look like 看起来像 ,look at 看着 ,look on sb. as 把某人看作 ,look forward to doing sth. 盼望,期待做某事look over 检查,翻阅 ,look out 当心,向外看,look through 仔细查看 ,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for 为 ,be ready 准备好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth. 准备做某事,乐意做某事translate into将 译成 ,take a message 捎个信,leave a message 留个信,be good for 对有好处,be good at =do well in 擅长于 be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in 不擅长 Think of 想起,think about 想出, think over 仔细考虑,else 修饰不定代词something ,everything ,anything ,nothing ,somebody ,anybody ,nobody 和 who, what ,when ,where 时放后,四说,1,speak说语言,2.say说内容,3,talk与谁说,4,tell告诉,讲述,四看, 1,watch 观看电视,比赛和表演, 2,see 看人,电影,医生,风景,3,read看书,报,4,look就看。 看场电影要用see,读书看报用read电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch ,observe 细观察,一时注意用 notice.make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词使某人被怎么样;make friends with sb.与某人交朋友,hear of 听说, hear from 收到某人的来信,be bad for对有害,it is +adj.+ of sb +to do sth.写性格,品质 kind, goodnice ,right ,wrong ,clever ,careless ,polite ,foolish 等。It is+ adj+ for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价 difficult,easy hard ,dangerous ,important , 等write to 给写信,next to在 旁边,do some concerts办音乐会,speak to sb和某人讲话,say hello to sb.给某人问好,say bye to sb.向某人说再见,show sb. around somewhere 带某人参观某地, learn sth from sb. 向某人学习choose the correct answers 选择正确答案, correct the mistakes 改错 ,match with把和搭配起来建议: 1.why dont you do sth?=why not do sth?2. How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?3. You should /can do sth. 4. Remember to do sth.5. Dont forget to do sth. 6. can you do sth ?7. Lets do sth. 8. Its a good idea to do9. Would you like to do? 10. Shall we do11. Youd better (not) do sth.回答: Thats a good idea .Thanks a lot.Great, OK. Thats right. All right . Good idea. Sure.MODULE2 现在完成时:1 .表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果,常与recently, ever, never ,already ,yet ,just ,before still 连用;2 .表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 for+时间段或since+时间点连用。结构:have(has)+过去分词,get into=enter 进入,whats the price of =how much is 问价格dream about 梦到 ,dream of 梦见 ,around the world=all over the world 全世界 ,stay with sb.与某人呆一起stay at home呆在家里,stay in bed 呆在床上 ,walk to =go to on foot 步行去take off 脱下,起飞,all over China, 全中国 ,come ture 实现 ,fly todrive to =go to by car 开车, sell out 卖光 , have been to 去过(现在不在那儿) everyday English 日常英语,land on/in /at 着路 ,take a seat =have a seat 请坐,=go to .by plane(by air), 坐飞机at the end of在尽头/结尾at the end 在结束时 ,have gone to 去了(现在不在说话地)first price 一等奖,before long 不久,The most exciting experience 最激动人心的经历,long before=soon=a little later 很久以前, no problem 没问题,have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难,work out a problem 解决一个问题,invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事invite sb to some place 邀请某人去某地,one day,某一天,(过去或将来)some day某一天(将来),连系动词,一是 be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)感觉 feel , 一保持 keep, 三变 become, get turn,四起来 taste ,smell , look, sound ,后跟形容词作表语。不定代词: somebody, some one某人,anybody ,anyone任何人 nobody ,no one, 没人 everyone ,everybody 每个人,something 某物 ,anything 任何物 ,nothing 没事 ,everything 一切事物,修饰他们的形容词放后。different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的,各种各样的,by the end of到末为止,不迟于give a concert=give concerts 举办音乐会in the end =finally 最后,终于,take a photo=take photos 照相,店cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭buy,makesuch+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such,形副so,多多少少也用 so,little属特殊,小”用such,少用 so.)交通工具的乘坐,take the(a) +交通工具to , =g。by+交通工具=go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ,其余的可用 in ,on);walk to some where=go to.on foot; fly to somewhere.=go by planeride to somewhere=go.by bike,drive to somewhere=go to by car,a kind of 一种 , be kind to sb 对某人友善since then 从那时起,take off 脱下,起飞,请假,reckon=consider =regard =think 考虑,认为 ,be reckoned (to be) ,被以为reckon as. 相当于regardas.把当成in the photo,在照片里go abroad,出国be abroad,在国夕卜travel abroad,至U国夕卜旅行sell out, 卖光sell to , 卖给某人sell well 卖得好 ,四个也:also,肯定,行前 be后;too肯定,句末;either,否定,句末;as well,肯定,句末。go to sleep,去睡觉the price of,.的价格,形容价格用high ,low。sell sth at a high price,以高价出售,sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中; have a wonderful time 玩得高兴 ,would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth 想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已,用于完成时的肯定,;yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问;just,用于完成时just now=a moment ago 用于过去时,arrive at (小地方)/in( 大地方 )=reach=get to ,到达bring, 从外往里拿,take ,从里往外拿,carry 无方向 , fetch 往返拿 ,more than ,=over, 多于less than,少于alone,个体单独,独自; most of的大多数 ,on a visit to,参观 .as .as和 一样lonely, 孤独,寂寞,也表示荒凉,a visit to 对.的参观,for a visit 参观 , pay a visit to ,拜访not as .as.=not so .as 不如 ,so .that 如此 .以致于 如果 that 后是否定 ,就可以用 too.to 转换 ,如果是肯定就用 ,形容 +enough(for sb )to do sth.be famous for 因 .面着名(原因 ),be famous as 以.身份或产地而着名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth 更喜欢做某事prefer to更喜欢. prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 return from a visit to 从 .访问返回 , be named after 以 .的名字命名,be proud of 以.自豪,be up to sb.由某人决定 ,up to 从事于 ,忙于 ,space station 在太空站 ,show sth to sb.=show sb sth 把某物给某人看, on business 出差,因.公事,在的上面over,在.上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon 在 .上面 ,贴着物表 ,反义 beneath, above 在 .上方,高出 ,反义 belowin the sky=in the air 在天空中 ,by air=by plane 坐飞机 ,in the last three years 在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,none 用于三个以上的全否定,反义为 all ; neither 两个都不,反义为 both,the lastest news最新消息, MODULE4 get on /along hear about ,hear of 听说 , the Hope Schools,希望学校 drop out of school,缀学 pay for ,支付 ,付钱 how soon,多久hear from sb.收到某人的信, in the last+ 一段时间,in th because of 因为 ,withshare sth.with sb.与分享某物sb,与.相处, get on well with sb.与相处融洽in fact 实际上 ,look after=take care of =care for, 照顾邮件等past +take part in, 参加how long ,多长时间get on badly with ,与.相处不好on the farm ,在农场上in the recent+ 一段时间 ,这三个用于现在完成时sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人buy sth from .buy sth for sb.给某人买东西get an education 接受教育 ,take part in=join 参加 ,in good/bad health 身体健康/不健康,care about 关心 ,在乎,take care 当心 ,how often隔多久一次,stop doing sth.停止做某事,stop to do sth.停下来去彳别的事 ,dress /undress +人,put on/wear/take off+ 衣 ,drop out 退出 ,离队 ,drop in 顺便来访 ,drop out of school 退学point at 指着 , point to 指向 put on ones clothes 穿上衣服with the help of sb.=wiht sbs help 在别人的帮助下without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况at home and abroad 在国内外非延续性动词变为延续动词:Buy -haveopen-be open join -be inborrow-keep die -be deadleave-be away come here-be here go there-be there begin-be on finish-be over make friends-be friends get ready-be ready buy-get /have arrive /get to /reach/come-be in be at /stay, put on-have on /wear get up-be up 可延续性动词不可以与 for 或 since 连用,非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since 连用 .worlother 其他的,另外的,别的; another 另一个人或事物; the other 两个中的另一个; the others 其余的,剩下的人或事物; others 其他的,另外的,别的人或物 MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟,到底,可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后,相当于in thed,用在否定句中相当于not .at all;a fan of ,的迷give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会be famous for ,因 .而着名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长 )be famous as ,作为 .而闻名(后+身份职业)at the age of =when sb.was.years old, 在 .岁的时候 not only.but also.不仅.而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐 belong to ,属于sth belong to sb. 物属于人across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面hear of 听说 ,be born 出生 ,go through 穿过 ,Im not sure 我不确定 , Im sure 肯定 ,make sb.+adj使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事, take sb. around 带人四处走走, a piece of music 一首乐曲 ,in addition to 除 . 以外 ,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him 给某人买吉他 go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事, die of 患 .而死,常接 hunger, cold, illness, cancer 内部原因 ,die from 由于.,而死,常接 a wound ,an accident, carelessness夕卜部原因, learn to do sth学做某事,learn from sb.向某人学习,Learn.by heart 熟记 ,背诵 , learn ones lesson from.从 . 中吸取教训 , 反意疑问句 :1 .先断定,判断是否定或肯定.如有 not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody, seldom, nothing 等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定.2 .后找动,观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had bett er 用 had3 .换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it,复用they we ; somebody, nobody类似的用they,和thing 一起的用4 .肯定祈使句,反问句部分可用will you /wont you ?否定祈使句,用 will you ?5 .Lets.用 shall we? let us用 will you?,6 .在think, believe, suppose+从句结构中,疑问句部分与从句保持一致,同时主句的否定转移到从句中;但第二,三人称与主句保持一致: I dont think you have done it ,have you? /He doesnt think you have done it ,does he?即:当主句人称是一,从句是二时,看二;当主句是三时,就看三。7 .回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物 ,give in 投降 ,give up doing sth 放弃 , give a way to 对.让步,bothand 既 又 就近原则either.or 要么 要么 .there be,may be 可能是 .In addition to .除 .以外(还有)pt,除.之外(不包括) on holiday 度假 , all types of 呼种 , on ones own 独自 ,give out 分发 ,on the earth 在地球上,neithernor 既不 又不 ,就近原则not only.but also 就近原则,maybe=perhaps 大概 ,也许=besides, but 除.之外,常与否定意义词连用 ,当 but 前有 do 时 but 后接原形 , exceMODULE 6过去进行时用法: 1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般常和at that time, at 点 yesterday, then, last night, this time yesterday ,the whole morning, when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行导的时间状语从句连用。,常与 when, while 引结构:go ongo ongo onwas /were +V-ing继续 ,go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一件事),to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事),with sth 继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,of course=,sure 当然 part time job, 一份兼职工作 be led by 由 带领How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近况如何?by the river, 在河边at this time yesterday 昨天 的这个时候,on a tree =on the tree,在机Q:,(树本身的) laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall off 掉下来 , fall in love with, 爱上 by mistake 由于出错 have nothing to do 没事可做 ,in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物 )smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,fall into ,掉进 ,跌入fall behind ,落后 ,跟不上be careful, 小心at that /this time 在那 /这时 nothing strange 没什么奇怪的,take sth. out of .把.从.拿出来,happen to do sth.碰巧做某事感官动词see ,hear ,watch, feel ,notice, smell, taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving( 表示动作正在进行)under th hedge在树篱下面 ,go down 下去,think about 考虑 ,think of 想起,认为 ,think over 仔细考虑,think out,想出think hard,努力想,努力思考 What happened to sb.?M人发生了什么事? be on 上演, go off 熄灭,停, 英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时,先后顺序是 “二、三、一”not .until 直到 才(主句中常用非延续性动词 )till/until 直到 为止 (主句中常用延续性动词)something wrong with., 出了毛病 ,lie in bed 躺在床上 ,jump out of从.跳出来 ,on ones way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上 on ones way home在某人回家的路上,from.to,从.至L(动词+Ving) when, while ,as 的区别当 .时候When 可与持续性动词连用 ,表示 一段时间,也可与短暂性动词连用,表示 时刻 .主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生 ,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用WhenWhile 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只能用Whileas 与 When 同义,但 as 指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏,follow ones advice 听从某人的建议,stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事stop .from doing sth.阻止.做某事, a kind of 一种 ,allkind of =a bit=a little 有点 , by mistake 错误地,无意地,by the way, 顺便说cheer up 使振奋 ;使兴奋 ,look into 向 .的里面看,stop doing sth.停止做某事 what kind 哪种 ,kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的walk along 沿着 走 ,by oneself 单独,独立地,墙的表面用on,墙的内部用inhave something to do 有事可做 ,have something to eat 有可吃的东西have nothing to drink 没有什么喝的东西feel tired 感到疲劳no one,一般不与of连用,动词用单数,只指人,一般用来回答 whonone ,可与of 连用,动词可用单数或复数,指人或物,回答how many /how much 引导的问句,以及含 any+n 的一般问句Nothing ,指物,动词用单数,without doing sth.没做,be tired=get tired 累了,during the day 一整天,被动语态的结构是:be+及物动词的过去分词变法: 1 主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by 宾语 .2 .主 +谓+ 间宾 +直宾将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变.3 主 + 谓 +直宾 + 间宾+to 或 for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变 .by 原主4 .主 +谓+宾+宾补宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by 原主 .5 .主 +谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listento )变为被动时,后加to6 .主 +短语动词+宾语,宾作主,短变被,其余不变,by 原主 .7 .带有 be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to等要将 to 后来动词变以被动
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