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2012年全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 卫生类B级第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. I am not certain whether he will come.A determined B sure C sorry D glad2. She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.A noticed B heard C realized D got3. Please do not hesitate to call me if I can be of further assistance.A contact B see C help D touch4. In short, I am going to live there myself.A In other words B That is to say C In a word D To be frank5. He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.A style B behavior C mode D attitude6. I had some difficulty in carrying out the plan.A making B keeping C changing D implementing7. Mr.Johnson evidently regarded this as a great joke.A readily B casually C obviously D simply8. We all think that Marys husband is a very boring person.A shy B stupid C dull D selfish9. The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.A promote B paint C produce D polish10. They only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.A large B total C small D similar11. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferencesA force B total C small D similar12. Can you follow the plot?A change B investigate C write D understand13. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A physical B mental C natural D hard14. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A result B judgment C decision D event15. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A statements B beliefs C suggestions D claims 第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Survey Finds Many Women Misinformed about CancerSixty-three percent of American women think that if theres no family history of cancer, youre not likely to develop the disease, a new survey found.In fact, most people who develop cancer have no family history of cancer, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists(ACOG)（美国妇产科医师学会）, which sponsored the survey.“Too many women are dying from cancer, “Dr. Douglas W. Laube, ACOGs immediate past president, said during a Friday teleconference. “An estimated 200, 070women will die in the U. S. this year, and over 600, 078 women will be diagnosed with cancer, The results of this survey found a worrisome（令人担忧的）gap in womens know ledge about cancer.”Based on the findings. ACOG is increasing its efforts to educate women about cancer and the need for regular screening tests.Although the survey found many misconceptions（错误观念）about cancer, 76 percent of women surveyed did say they feel knowledgeable about how they can reduce their risk of the disease.However, only 52 percent said they were doing enough to reduce that risk. And 10 percent said they hadnt done anything in the past year to lower their risk. Seventeen percent said they wouldnt change their lifestyles, even if changes would lower their cancer risk.Many women said they were afraid to undergo screening out of fear of finding cancer。Twenty percent said they didnt want to know if they had cancer.In response to these findings, ACOG will launch on Oct. 29 a new website-ProtectDetect：What Women Should Know about Cancer. The guide is designed to help women to take charge of their health and improve their understanding of their risk of cancer-and the lifestyle steps they can take to cut that risk.16. Many American women have a poor knowledge of cancerA RightB Wrong C Not mentioned17. People with no family history of cancer are unlikely to develop cancerA RightB Wrong C Not mentioned18. More women are dying from cancer than men in AmericaA RightB Wrong C Not mentioned19. Most American women know too little about how to lower their cancer riskA RightB Wrong C Not mentioned20. Some American women are just unwilling to change their lifestyles.A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned21. Some American Women are too afraid of finding cancer to undergo screeningA RightB Wrong C Not mentioned22. ACOGs efforts to educate women about cancer will be greatly appreciated.A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5，6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The Meaning of dreams1. Dreams play an important role in our lives. If they can be correctly explained, we can come to understand ourselves better. Here, we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.2. I can see their laughing faceslaughing at me. But they arent as smart. If they were, theyd be up here flying with me! This dream has both positive and negative connotations(涵义). On the positive side, the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine. It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve. On the other hand, this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape. The dream could represent an inferiority complex(自卑情结), which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.3. Im moving from fast now, but its still behind me. Doesnt matter how fast I go, I still cant escape. Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力) like the other one, it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from danger. Usually, fear is prominent emotion. By running hard, the dreamer can possibly escape the threat. However, they can also stumble(蹒跚) or worse still stop moving altogether. This makes dream even more terrifying(恐怖的). One possible interpretation suggests that the dream is under pressure in their everyday life.4. Im sweating and my heart is beating. Im trapped in my own bed. In this dream, the person is often standing on a high, exposed place such as on the top of a tower, or on the edge of a cliff. The overwhelming(强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to loss of control. There is nothing to stop the person, and the feeling as they go over the edge can be horrifyingly(恐怖地) real. Fortunately, just before hitting the ground, the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief. This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.5. The wind is pushing me and I slip. Theres nothing I can do.nothing I can hold on to. This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreaming loses all power of movement. They try hard to move their arms and legs, but they simply cannot. Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape, they became more and more terrified as the seconds go by. Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in Public, often something which you are normally very good at, such as your job. Not only is this extremely embarrassing, but it also shows a deep-seated phobia(恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.23. Paragraph 2_24. Paragraph 3_25. Paragraph 4_26. Paragraph 5_A Dream of diving into the water B Dream of running hardC Dream of falling downD Dream of flying into the airE Dream of being pushed awayF Dream of climbing trees27If a person puts himself up above others in the dream，he may_.28If a person dreams of being chased by others，he may_.29If a person dreams of going over the edge of a cliff，he may_.30If a person dreams of failing to do something in public，he may_. A be under pressure in everyday life B feel tired in real life C be afraid of losing his job in real life D feel lonely in everyday life E feel inferior in reality F be afraid of losing control in real life 第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Who Wants to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date. Scientists have already extended the lives of flies, worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams, spending time with our loved ones, watching our families grow and have families of their own.Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking, says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work.Longer lives dont just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I dont think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer, says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan. The question is What will we get as a society? I suspect it wont be a better society.It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents, or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart1. We think of an elder sibling as someone, who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected, especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age - skill, wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people, and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel, very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom, but less energy: Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience .different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact, they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances, we need to think about these changes now.If this could ever happen, then wed better ask what kind of society we want to get, says Daniel Callahan. We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out.31. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A. Spending more time with his family.B. Having more education.C. Realizing more dreams.D. Working longer.32. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A. Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B.More and more people in the US today want to get married.C. Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D. If people live longer they would stay in marriage longer.33. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPTA. Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B. More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C. The job market Would be more competitive.D. It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.34. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is thatA. it places more emphasis on educating the young.B. it is both wise and energetic.C. it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is newD. it welcomes changes.35. Which of the following best describes Callahans attitude to anti-ageing technology ?A. Optimistic. B. Pessimistic.C. Reserved. D. Negative.第二篇 Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features36International studies reveal thatAmany children have been neglectedBchild maltreatment is most serious in developed countriesC20%of children have been sexually abusedD2550%of girls have been physically abused37The word “underestimates” in paragraph 3 meansAexaggeratesBpoints outCassumesDmiscalculates38Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPTAstressBsuicideCheart diseaseDpoor memory39. Children are more likely to be maltreated if theyAcry a lotBare not good-lookingCare over 4 years oldDare quiet40We can infer from the passage thatAresearchers have collected enough data on child maltreatmentBmore than 31，000 children under 15 are killed every yearCmany countries have set up special institutions for maltreated childrenDsome children are also to blame for mal treatment第三篇 UlcersEven though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased risk of developing an ulcer. Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes according to Dr. Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests this is unlikely, according to the report. Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of twins to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of peptic ulcer disease, they explain. Both twins were more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggesting that there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer development. However, the risk was no greater in twins living together compared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure to H. pylori was not to blame. Environment effects were not due to factors shared by family members, and they were related to smoking and stress in men and the use of analgesics in women, the authors wrote. The minor effects of shared environment to disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease, they concluded. 46. According to the passage, which of the following is a very likely cause of ulcer in men? A) Smoking and stress. B) Drinking and smoking. C) Genes and children. D) Use of a certain medicine. 47. What factors contribute to over half the ulcers? A) Hereditary factors. B) Economic factors. C) Environmental factors. D) Genetic factors. 48. In relation to ulcers, experts study twins in order to examine A) the roles of genetic factors. B) the roles of environmental factors. C) the roles of both factors. D) the roles of brotherhood. 49. What does environmental effects in the fifth paragraph refer to? A) A clean environment with no smoke and dust surrounding the living area. B) Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in Women. C) Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food they eat. D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean environment. 50. The passage argues that A) ulcers are related to genes. B) ulcers are related to lifestyle. C) ulcers appear in men and women. D) ulcers are caused by pylori infection.第五部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Death controlA very important world problem-in fact, I am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems_(46) _is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.This enormous increase of population will create immense problems. By 2000 A.D., unless something desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of the earth! So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetimeWhy is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread
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