四川省丹棱县2020高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础训练（1）

四川省丹棱县2020高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练【1】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. Talk, talk, talk, the advocates of violence say, all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser. Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. Possible, my lord, the barrister replied, none the wiser, but surely far better informed. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?A Advocating Violence.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2.Recorded history has taught usA violence never solves anything.nothing.C the bloodshed means nothing.D everything.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable menA cant get a hearing.are looked down upon.C are persecuted.D Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.“He was none the wiser” means A he was not at all wise in listening.He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C He gains nothing after listening.D He makes no sense of the argument.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is A law enforcement.knowledge.C nonviolence.D Mopping up the violent mess.Vocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。5.war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）e to light = become known 显露，为人所知7.sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。8.mop up 擦去，对付，处理9.wake 船迹，航迹in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。难句译注1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。2.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.【结构简析】in the wake of 在之后。【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。3.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。4. Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。写作方法与文章大意作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。答案详解1.B 暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。2.B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D.一切。3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。4.C听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C项。A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。5.A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。【山东省济宁市2020高考英语二模试题】CIts 8:00 amJames Butters gives,18-month-old Thomas his milk，then breakfastAfter getting Thomas into his outdoor clothes， they head for the park to watch birds and play on the grassWith lunchtime drawing near，theyre back home for an afternoon of drawing， playing with cars，or maybe watching some childrens programsJames isnt ThomasdadHe is a nanny(保姆)-a man nanny obviously，humorously termed a“manny”specially trained and in his third nannying positionAt 27，he cares for Thomas，and another boy of a simliar age“Its much freer than an office job，”he says， and youre getting to see children develop and growYou become very close to them，for sureI dont think Im special or better than a woman nanny; everyone has their own ap- proachBut Im unusualFriends laughed when I started studying nursery nursingIn my class,I was the only man among 70 womenSomehow，I made it，”he saidAlthough its not yet common to find men in traditional nannying courses，things are changingIn the United States，parents are employing young mannies，sometimes to care for babies，but more often as active role models to get their children away from the TV and the computerFrom rollerblading(轮滑)friends to summer swimming mannies，these are the big brothers who are always willing to play，largely because theyre paid for itIt is catching on here in Britain，tooEarlier this year，Norland Nanny College welcomed its first full-time man student，19-year-old Peter Cummins in Wales.While some families find it difficult to accept the idea of a young man in a traditional nannying role，man nannies are increasingly popular51What is the author trying to tell us in the first paragraph?AJames Butters and his 18-month-old sonBHow to get small children close to youCJames Butterstypical day as a nannyDProper ways to look after children52What can we learn from the second paragraph?AJames Butters is a new nanny with no experienceBJames Butters is looking after 3 children at presentCJames Butters is better at looking after children than womenDJames Butters is a man with courage and determination53Why are young mannies becoming popular in the United States?AThey are good at playing computer gamesB.They can get boys in more healthy activitiesC.They are better trained than women for their jobsDThey can protect the boys like big brothers54Whos going to become a new man nanny soon?AJames Butters BThomas CNorland DPeterCummins55Which of the following can be the best title for the text?AA New Profession for Men BChanges in TraditionCMannies and Nannies DBabies and Their Mannies【参考答案】CDBDA【山东省济宁市2020高考英语二模试题】DThe sun is setting on a summer nightAt the entrance of a deep，dark cave，a few bats fly outWithin a few minutes，millions and millions of bats are pouring out of the caveSounds like a scary horror movie? Believe it or not，this scene takes place all summer long，at Bracken Cave in Texas，where 20 million bats come out to feed on insects every night“It is magical，”says Jim Kennedy of Bat Conservation International in Texas“It is one of the most impressive animal movements on the planetEvery March or April，Mexican free-tailed bats migrate up to 1，600 kilometers from their winter home in Mexico to their American home in Texas，where they raise their young. Soon after they arrive，each mother gives birth to one babyAs many as 500，baby bats crowd into 30 cubic centimeters of spaceand all those bodies create nice warm tem- peratures to keep them cozy and comfortableIf you have ever lost sight of your parents in a crowded playground，you may be won- dering how mother bats recorgnize their childrenThey use their sense of smell to tell which baby is theirs when it is time for the babies to have milkWhen twenty million bats fly out of one cave opening，they make a column so thick that they show up on the radar at the nearby airportIt can take three hours for all of them to get out from the cave“You can feel the breeze from their wings，and see the plats wa- ving，”says Kennedy“The movement of all those wings makes a very relaxing soft soundIve always thought it would make a great relaxation music to help you go to sleep. So much for bats being scary!”56.The scene described in the first paragraph takes place in_Aa movie Ba cave CMexico Dthe US57What makes the scene so“impressive”?AThe entrance of a deep，dark caveBThe bats feeding on insects at nightCThe huge number of bats flying togetherDIt takes place all summer long58Both Paragraphs 3 and 4 are mainly about_A. when and where the bats migrateBhow young bats are raisedCwhy baby bats crowd togetherDhow mother bats find their children59The underlined word“breeze”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to_.Alight wind Bhot air Cstrong smell Dblack smoke60What does Kennedy mean by“So much for bats being scary!”?ASo much space is being occupied by bats!B. Bats are so much more scary than before!CNever say bats are frightening again!DSo many bats are being scared away !【参考答案】DCBAC【山东省济宁市2020高考英语二模试题】EA good reader becomes sooner or later a good book buyerThe sooner，the better. The reading done in a book drawn from a library can not be so pleasant at the moment nor so permanently useful as the reading done in our own copyA book which is worth reading is likely to be read more than once，and at each reading some idea or some statement makes such an impression that we wish to refer to it again Some readers underline the page as they read，but I find that a page which I have underlined can not give me so many fresh impressions as one which has no marks on itMy habit is to make my own index(索引)of a book as I readI put down the number of the page and a word or two to identify the thought or the fact which I get from itOn a second or third reading I am likely to double or triple the size of this indexThis is my substitute for underliningMost of the books in my library are so indexed that I can find quickly the passage which from time to time I wish to look upTo use a book in this way，organizing it for continued usefulness year after year, we must，of course，do our reading in a copy which belongs to usThe books I buy are chiefly those of less expensive editionsAs I have grown older and the number of books on my shelves has increased，I appre- ciate editions which do not take much roomBy careful and continuous selection I keep my librarv down to ten thousand booksThis would be，of course，too large a number for any but a professional scholar or writerBut my advice to a book lover is to weed but his library at least once every two years，giving away the books which are not likely to be read again. And never never buy a book which you will not immediately readA library bought only for looks is not literature，but indoor decoration61Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the first paragraph?AReading your own book benefits you more than reading a copy from a libraryBReading a book at home is more pleasant and useful than doing it in a libraryCReading a book in a library is more pleasant and useful than doing it at homeDA book drawn from a library cannot take as much time as your own copy62What is the disadvantage of underlining according to the author?AUnderlined books look old and not worth readingBThe lines make it difficult for the reader to concentrateCUnderlined books cannot give the reader enough fresh impressionsDThe reader cannot find the passage he or she wishes to read again63What would the authors index look like after a third reading?AIt contains the number of the page and a word or twoBIt contains the number of the page and 3 to 6 wordsCIt numbers the page，the paragraph and the linesDIt fills the cover of the book with numbers and words64Which of the following books would the author most probably like to keep?ABig expensive good books BThin and cheap booksCBooks with lots of pictures DGood books in cheap，thin editions65Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe writer has read only some of the books in his libraryBThe writer is a professional scholar or writerCThe writer has never given away any books in his libraryDThe writers library is indoor decoration rather than literature【参考答案】ACBDB