高中英语被动语态讲解与练习

-被动语态Passive Voice一、被动语态的构成动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。1. 被动语态的根本构成形式体时一般进展完成现在过去将来过去将来时：should/would be donewaswere going to be donewaswere about to be donewaswere to be to done过去将来完成时：should/would have been done2. 含情态动词的被动语态情态动词 +be+过去分词练习：1) Visitors _ (request) not to touch the exhibits.2) All the preparations for the task_(complete), and were ready to start.3) Look, a new cinema _(build) here now4) I _ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _(complete) in Beijing.6) A meeting _(hold) when I was there.7) Hundreds of job_ (lose) if the factory closes.8) The news _(send) to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) The project _(complete) before July.10He told me that his new clothes _(make)very soon.11The baby _(take care of) by the baby-sitter应.该由保姆照顾2. 被动语态的特殊构造形式二 . 主动语态与被动语态的转换1. 主+谓+宾构造：Rowling wrote Harry Potter. _. The government supported the research. _. No one has ever beaten her at tennis._. We didntnotice anything special in his work. _.-2. 主+谓+间宾 +直宾：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. _.My uncle bought me a new computer. _._.Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure._._.注意 : 加 to 或者 forShe told me when the project would start. _.3. 主+谓+宾+宾补：People call this team a cheer-leading squad. _.注意：在使役动词 have, make, let 以及感官动词 see, look at, watch, notice,observe,hear, listen to, feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动构造中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动构造时，要加 to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building._.4. 含有 be going to do和 be to do等构造 be 只有一般现在时和一般过去时We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting._.They are to show this new film on TV next week. _.5. 表示“据说，相信，认为，期待等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如；。We know that he is the best dentist in the town. _._.重点拓展：It is said that据说 ,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hopedthat 大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。6.祈使句变被动句肯定祈使句： let+宾语 +be+done否认祈使句： dontlet+宾语 +be+done；let+宾语 +not+be+doneMove the desks into the passage. _.Dontthrow rubbish everywhere. _.7. 谓语为动词短语的情况：如 “动词介词 ，“动词副词 等，也可以用于被动构造，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。They have put off the meeting till next Saturday._.When we got to the cinema, it had sold out all the tickets._.8. 双重被动构造：指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动构造，句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又是不定式动作的承受者。They asked us to discuss the problem at once. _._. Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. _._.三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。 1可用来表示主语内在“品质“性能的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell， read，write， wash 等，常与 well/ badly/easily/smoothly搭配。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态那么强调外界作用造成的影响。试比拟： The door wont lock指门本身有毛病-The door wont be locked指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁是人的原因 2某些状态动词或不及物动词，在汉语中虽有被动意味，但英语中用主动形式，如： weigh，measure，cost，spread，last，happen，break out，take place，consist of, come out, come about, come across, get across, run out, give out, turn out等。This wall measures 10 meters long.The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.2. 系动词的主动语态表被动： look，feel， smell， taste， sound， prove，remain，stay， appear。The music sounds comfortable.This shirt feels much softer than that one.四非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1. 不定式的主动表被动a. 在某些“形容词不定式 做表语或宾语补足语的构造中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 这些形容词有 nice，easy，fit ，hard，difficult，important，impossible， pleasant， interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out .b. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon试比拟： I ll go to thepost office. Do you have a letter to be posted? With something to buy, she went to market.I have a letter to write. She has something to say.c. 在 be to do构造中如 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Am I to blame?The house is to let.2. 动名词的主动表被动。a. 在 need，want，require, deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式 。The house needs repairing to be repaired这房子需要修理。b形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。3. 介词 in, on, under, out of等 +名词构成介词短语表被动意义under control受控制 ,under treatment在治疗中 , under repair在修理中 ,under discussion在讨论中 , under construction在施工中in the charge of (在 .掌管之下， in use(在使用中 ),in print 在印刷中on show(展出 )，on sale (待售 )， out of control,out of sightfor sale,for rent,beyond belief,beyond our hope.例 The building is under construction( is being constructed).重点拓展：被动形式表主动意义，某些动词 +反身代词可变为被动构造表主动意义如 devote oneself to, dress oneself, seat oneself, amuse oneself, lose oneself, prepare oneself for, concernoneself about.变为：be devoted to, be hidden in, be buried in, be absorbed in , be lost, be seated in, be faced with, be prepared for.五、被动语态与系表构造的区别当“be+过去分词作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表构造时表示主语的特点或所处的状-态时， be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分方法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否那么为系表结构。例 The glass is broken _The glass was broken by the boy _The teacher was pleased by her answer. _The teacher was pleased with her answer. _2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 The door is locked _The door has already/just been locked_3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表构造中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired_Many kinds of art have been lost in the world. _4. 被动语态和系表构造中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别。被动语态常用 greatly 等词修饰，系表构造常用very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等。例 I am greatly moved by his kindness.I am very interested in taking the course you are offering.六练习1. 改错1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4)A fire was broken out last night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital7)His plan is sounded good8)Your coat needs being washed2. 填空1) The pen _ (write) very fast.2) This kind of sweater _ sells (sell) well.3) Large numbers of plastic bags _ (use) in the supermarkets every day.4) Must the old people _ (speak) to politely?5) Her grandma was still alive when he _(take) to the hospital.6) English _(speak) in many is spoken counties.7) Three quarters of the worlds books are written (write) in English. _8) All the students _(ask)to bring a kite with them last Sunday.9) Are many ways _(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?10). What are on show in the museum? Some photos _(take)by American children.11) The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ (develop) and perfected now.12) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ (see) whether they willenjoy it.13) When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(decide) yet.14) The new suspension bridge _(design) by the end of last month. 15)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _(break).16) - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _(read) a second time. 17That suit _ (cost) less than 60 dollars yesterday, but now its price is increased.-七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1高考对谓语动词语态的考察例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因为 serve是及物动词，其动作承受者 tea 作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2). This is Ted s phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002 A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Ted 是 kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted 救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house和“paint应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进展时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.XX春 2003A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide 是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以 decide 要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词 yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.XX春2001A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析 B 句中 tickets 是 book(订票 )的承受者， 主谓为被动关系， 又因票已被订出应发生在 entered the office 这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。2高考对非谓语动词语态的考察-当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时 , 须用被动式。 弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 根据题意，那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作，应使用不定式，故排除掉 C、 D 两项；又因 remains 的逻辑主语 it 是动词 see说表示动作的承受者，即“到国外旅行 这件事，这件事有待于 “被决定 ，应使用动词不定式的被动形式。2). While shopping, people sometimes canhelpt _ into buying something they donreallyt need. XX 1996A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析 C canhelpt doing “禁不住做某事 ，排除 A 和 D；顾客应是“被劝说 购物的，要用动名词的被动语态。3. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. XX 2002A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel 的宾语从句为强调句型， 在 be to do构造中，在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表示被动语态，如 to blame， to let 等。【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept； haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep； have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed-7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop thekoninyour shirt, for it _ easily.A. won t wash out B. wont be washed outC. isn t washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didn t know how to do the exercises A. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teachingkey 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA 11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB-被动语态根底练习选择题1.Our house_,A . is getting paintB . is getting paintedC . is got paintedD . has got to paint2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend .A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by3.The war_in 1937A . was broken outB . had been broken outC . has broken outD . broke out4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher.A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed by D . cross by5.My brother and I have _her birthday party.A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to6.It_this wayA . is had to doB . is had to be done C . had to be done D . has to do7.It_this way.A used to doB . used to be done C . is used to doD . is used to doing8._Chaplin.A . The childs name was called B . The childs name calls C . The child calls D . The child is named9.The sports meeting_ .A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off10.Mary realized she_A . was making fun ofB . was made funC . was being made fun ofD . was being made fun11._to say a thing in that wayA . It is considers wrongB . It is considered wrongC . It is considered its wrongD . It is consiedring wrong12.He ordered that the books_at once.A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print13.The story_in ChinA .A . was taken place B . was happened C . took placeD . has been taken place14.The house_my parentsA . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to15.He_by his teacher.A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D . was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings.A . have been taken place, have been set upB . have taken place, have been set upC . have been taken place, have been set upD . were taken place, were set up17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps.A . furnished, finished B . been finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?A . Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_.A . had already taken offB . already took off-C . was already taking offD . was already taken off20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_.A . have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now21. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA . are not kept；will have to B . are not kept；have C . do not keep；will have to D . do not keep； have to22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A . developedB . have developed C . are being developed D . will have been developed23. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA . Ive been toldB . Ive toldC . Im toldD . I told24. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A . has completed B . completesC . has been completed D . is completed25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut26. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A . has been designed B . had been designedC . was designed D . would be designed27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been broken28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set upC . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set up29. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A . had costed B . costedC . is costedD . cost30. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A . is being builtB . has been builtC . is builtD . is building31.- Do you like the material? - Yes, it _ very soft.A . is feelingB . feltC . feelsD . is felt32. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA . writeB . to writeC . to be writtenD . written33. I have no more letters _ ， thank youA . to typeB . typingC . to be typedD . typed34. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A . wont wash outB . wont be washed outC . isnt washed out D . isnt washing out35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A . be put up B . give in C . be turned on D . go out36. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A . belongsB . are belonged to C . belongs toD . belong to37. - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A . catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catch 39. This page needed _ again.-A . being checkedB . checkedC . to checkD . to be checked40. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA . Having taughtB . Having been taughtC . taughtD . TeachingKeys：1 B2 A3 D 4 C5 D6 C7 B8 D9 A10 C11 B12 C13 C14 C15 C16 B17 B18 B19 A20 C 21 A22 C23 A24 D25C26 B27 C28 B29 D30 A31 C32 B33 C34 A35 D36 D37 C38 C 39 D40 B-