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牛津英语模块三Unit 3 重点词语 单词讲解（上）Welcome to this unit & Reading 1. Who do you think will _ the company when the manager retires? A. take up B. take over C. take in D. take on2. It was sad that all the people were _ alive under the lava and ashes. A. buried B. stayed C. kept D. found3. _, Liu Xiang had to drop out of the 110-metre hurdles in the Beijing Olympics because of his injury in the foot A. Unfortunately B. Unusually C. Uncertainly D. Unfriendly4. Only one of the persons who applied can be made _ of the company. A. the director B. a director C. an director D. director5. It _ to be seen whether the old couple like this trip or not. A. keeps B. remains C. leaves D. stays6. Who would you like to have _ the door red? A. paint B. paints C. painted D. to paint【答案与讲解】 1. 选B. take over 表示“接管”，take over the business接管生意；take over the driving 接过来开车。如：Please me take over the driving so that you can have a nap. 让我来开车这样你可以小睡一会儿。 【拓展】 含take的常用短语：1）take up表示“拿起；占据；开始从事”。take up weapons to fight against enemies拿起武器与敌人斗争; take up painting开始绘画；take up too much space占据太多的空间; 2）take in表示“接受,吸收,理解,欺骗”等。take in proper nutrition 吸收适当的营养；I dont take in what he said.我不明的他说的。He tried to play a trick on me, but I wasnt take in. 他想捉弄我，但我没上当。 3) take on 表示“呈现；雇用”，如：take on a new look呈现新面貌；take on more workers 雇用更多的工人。2. 选A buryalive“将活埋”，alive作宾语补足语，类似的搭配还有：catchalive活捉。【拓展】1）bury为动词“埋葬；掩埋”。 bury (oneself) in=be buried in引申义为“专心致力于”。 be buried/lost in thought沉思。He was buried in his work, so he didnt notice me. 他正专心于他的工作，所以他没注意到我。She saw the film with her eyes buried in tears. 她眼含泪水地看了那部电影。2）burial为bury的名词“埋葬；葬礼”。a burial chamber墓室; a burial ground墓地。3. 选A. unfortunately为副词“不幸的是”，相当于unluckily。【拓展】fortunate为形容词“幸运的”；fortune为名词“财富；运气”。常见用法有：make a fortune发财；try ones fortune碰运气；be in good / bad fortune 运气好/坏。He considered himself fortunate to win the match. 他认为他赢了比赛是运气。4. 选D. director表示“主任；指导员；导演”，英语中表示职位、头衔的名词若在句中做同位语或补足语时，其前应当不用冠词。若作其它成份，则可以使用相应的冠词。如：When was Lincoln elected president of the United States? 林肯是何时被选为美国总统的？【拓展】direct为其对应的动词“指导；指挥”，作形容词和副词时表示“直接的/地”。名词为direction “指导；方向；说明”。5. 选B. remain作连系动词“仍然是；保持”，后接形容词、名词或不定式。如：It remains to be seen whether it will be fine tomorrow. 这还要看明天是否天晴。Please remain seated while the plane is taking off. 飞机起飞时请保持坐着。【拓展】动词remain作实义动词时为不及物动词“剩下；留下”，如：Some birds fly to the south but a few remain. 一些鸟飞往南方，而有些鸟留了下来。此外，remain还可以作名词，常用复数remains“剩余物；残留物；遗迹”；现在分词remaining可用作前置定语，如：the remaining money剩余的钱（=the money left）。6. 选A. 本题运用于have sb do sth短语，who为have的宾语，故主动语态用省to的动不定式paint作其宾补。【拓展】paint可作动词“（用颜料等）画；油漆”。paint the wall 粉刷墙壁; paint a picture（用颜料）作画；“paint+宾语+颜色”将漆成（颜色）。He had the vase painted red. 他让人把花瓶漆成红色。作名词“颜料；油漆”。Wet paint! 油漆未干！oil-painting 油画；a famous painter一位著名的画家。【巩固自测】I. 从方框中选择一个词语并用其适当的形式完成下列句子。take over; bury; fortunate; director; remain; paint1. _, he has recover what he lost yesterday.2. Zhang Yimo is a famous Chinese film _. 3. The business has got along much better since he _ the company.4. You have spent 200 yuan, what will you do with the _ money?5. Xu Beihong was good at _horses. 6. They broke into the _ chamber and empted everything it contained.II. 根据汉语完成下列句子。1. 双方交替占领这座城市。 The two sides _ _ the city in turns.2. 敌人气极得将勇敢的战士活埋了。 The enemy were so angry that they _ the brave soldier _.3. 许多人涌向西部去碰碰运气。 A lot of people rushed to the western part to _ _ _.4. 两年后他被任命为车间主任。 Two years later, he was _ _ of the workshop.5. 这要看她下周是否有时间。 _ _ to be seen _ she will be free next week.6. 我们想请人将门外面漆成红色，里面漆成白色。 Wed like to have the outside of the door _ red and the inside side _.Key: I. 1. Fortunately 2. director 3. took over 4. remaining 5. painting 6. burialII. 1. took over 2. buried; alive 3. try their fortune 4. made director 5. It remains; whether 6. painted; white单词讲解（中）(Word Power, Grammar& Task ) 用下列方框内所给单词填空。heat; drive; condition; concern; carry out; board; declare; cover+c1. When a piece of wood is burning, light and _ are given out together with smoke.2. Great noise like that of a plane may _ a person mad.3. Since the machine is in good _, I dont think we need to buy a new one.4. Where have you been? We have been _ about since you left this morning?5. Now that we have made the plan, we must _ it _ soon.6. Nearly 2000 passengers on _ got drown when the ship sank.7. The court will _ the judgment on him next Wednesday.8. Mum _ the pot and showed me what she was cooking.【答案与讲解】1. 填heat. 作名词时heat表示 “热度”。如：I cant stand the heat in the room. 我受不了房间里的热。【拓展】 heat作动词“加热”，heat the coffee / milk 加热咖啡/牛奶；a heated discussion热烈的讨论。注意现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：When heating the food, I heard the noise.热饭时我听到了响声。Heated, the soup tastes nicer.加热后，这汤味到更好。2填drive。动词drive可以表示“迫使（进入某种状态）”。drive sb angry/mad/crazy迫使某人生气/发疯。如：The arrival of the super star almost drove his fans crazy. 那位超级明星的到来几乎让粉丝们发了疯。【拓展】作动词“驾驶，驱赶”, drive a car开小汽车；drive away将赶走；driveoff 开车送走；击退。作名词时表示“驾车旅行; 兜风;车程”about 10 minutes drive大约开车十分钟的路；go out for a drive开车去兜风。3. 填condition 短语in good condition表示“处于良好状态”，condition为不可数名词，这个短语相当于in a good state，但state为可数名词。situation表示“情形；形势”，是可数名词。【拓展】condition表示“条件”时, 常用复数形式。如：living conditions生活条件；working conditions工作条件；air-conditioner空调；短语on condition that表示“以条件”。如：The workers went on strike for better pay and better working conditions. 工人们举行罢工要求更高工资和更好的工作条件。I can lend you the book on condition that you return it to me before Friday.如果你在星期五前还，我可以借书给你。 4. 填concerned. be concerned about表示“关心”。【拓展】 concern作动词时表示“涉及;关心”。This matter concerns everybody.这件事与所有人有关。be concerned with sth与某事有关; a concerned citizen 一位热心的市民；As far as sb is concerned 意为“据某人所知”。作名词“关系, 关注”，show concern about对关心。现在分词concerning“关于”可作介词用，相当于about。 如：questions concerning environment与环境相关的问题。5. 填carry; out 短语carry out表示“执行/实施（计划、命令等）”。如：We carried out an experiment this morning. 今天上午我们做一个实验。【拓展】其它含carry的常见动词短语：1）carry off “夺取（生命”、获得（奖项）、应付”等词义。 He carried off the first prize in the competition. 在竞赛中他夺得第一名。2）carry on“继续下去”，其后也可以不接宾语，直接使用。也可接名词、代词作宾语。 Dont give up the work. We must carry it on until we succeed. 不要放弃工作，我们要进行下去直到成功。 3）carry away意为“运走；使失控/着迷”。The beautiful music carried us away. 美妙的音乐让他着迷。6填board. 短语on board表示“在船（车/飞机）上”， the passengers on board船/火车/飞机上的旅客。get on board登船（车/飞机）。作动词时可表示“登(船等)”。如：Its time we boarded the plane. 我们该上船/车/飞机了。【拓展】1）board作名词表示“木板；膳食；董事会”，blackboard黑板；boarding school寄宿学校；be on the board在董事会里（任职）。2）与board形似词：abroad为副词“往/在国外（海外）”；aboard “登（船/飞机）”作副词相当于on board;作介词“在/上（船/机）”，如：She has gone aboard the plane. 她已上了飞机。broad为形容词 “宽阔的”，a broad road一条宽阔的马路。7. 填declare. 动词declare 为 “宣布;宣告”, 指正式就某事公开地做出明确的说明，其后可接从句、复合结构或名词，表明态度时加介词for“赞成”/ against“反对”。 The Chinese government has declared against terrorism. 中国政府声明反对恐怖主义。【拓展】近义词辨析：1）announce “宣布；宣称”，指宣布人们所关心的事，有预告的含义，通常是关于生死、结婚、灾害信息或客人的到来等，其后常接名词、从句作宾语。When the doorman declared the arrival of the president, everyone got up and clapped. 当门口的人宣布总统的到来时，大家都站起来鼓掌。2）state表示“声明；陈述”。如：A recent report stated that a good lifestyle can ensure a longer life. 最近一份报告说良好的生活习惯能确保长寿。3）claim“声称；依据（权利）获得/认领”。如：Dont claim to know what you really dont know. 不要说你懂其实你不懂的东西。8. 填uncovered 动词uncover“揭开的盖子”、“移去的覆盖物”。如： When you move away a big stone, you may uncover a city of ants. 当你搬开一块石头时，你可能揭开了一座蚂蚁城。【拓展】1）uncover还可用于比喻义“揭露”。 如： He decided to uncover the whole event to the court. 他打算向法庭揭露整个事件。2）近义词discover用来指“发现（本来存在的事物）”，后接复合宾语时与find意义相近。如：discover / find +宾语+doing sth.“发现某人做某事”。如：It was Columbus who discovered America.是哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。I discovered them playing a trick on John.我发现他们在捉弄约翰。 【挑战自我】I. 单项选择1. When_, ice turns into water. A. heat B. heating C. heated D. be hearted2. The terrible noise near the airport almost _ me mad. A. drove B. sent C. put D. took3. After a careful examination, we found the machine was still in good _. A. condition B. situation C. case D. state4. Mum _ the pot and showed us what she had prepared for lunch. A. discovered B. uncovered C. uncovers D. discovers5. As far as Im _, China will send man to the moon in the near future. A. known B. reported C. concerned D. worked6. Since the plan has been worked out, it should be _ soon. A. carried off B. carried on C. carried away D. carried out7. The Titanic hit a big iceberg and sank with 2000 passengers on _. A. abroad B. aboard C. board D. broad8. The next morning, US President Franklin Roosevelt _ war against Japan. A. announced B. declared C. stated D. claimedII. 根据汉语完成下列句子。1. 热牛奶时, 她听到一则新闻, 几乎让她发疯。 When _ the milk, she heard a _ of news, which almost _ her _.2. 我们很关心他们的生活条件是否得到改善。 We are concerned about _ their _ _ have been improved.3. 他们宣布在明年实施这项计划。 They _ that the plan would _ _ _ next year.4. 她勇敢地向董事会揭露了他的阴谋。 She _ his plot to the _ bravely.Key: I. 1-5 CAABC 6-8 DCBII. 1. heating; piece; drove; mad 2. whether; living conditions 3. declared be carried out 4. uncovered; board单词讲解（下）(Project) 用下列方框内所给单词填空。in return; confuse in use; influence; similar1. During the Warring State Period, there was much fighting and _ in China.2. Parents behaviors have _ on their children. 3. Though they are twins, there are few _ between them.4. Paper money was _ in China as early as Song Dynasty.5. She gave me a pen and I gave her a dictionary _.【答案与讲解】1. 填confusion. 作名词“混乱;混淆”， cause confusion引起混淆; be in confusion混乱中。 The explosion caused much confusion in the street. 爆炸在街上引起一片混乱。【拓展】动词为confuse, 常见短语：confuse A with B 把A与B相混淆；feel confused about sth对感到混淆;。如： The more he explained, the more confused I felt about it. 他越解释，我却越迷惑。2.填influence. influence既可作动词也可作名词，侧重稳定的影响，如言行等对一个人产生的潜移默化的“影响”。have influence on对有影响。influenced by sb在某人的影响下。如: Influenced by his father, he turned doctor when he grew up. 在父亲的影响下,他长大后当了一名医生。3. 填similarities. 作可数名词表示“相似点”。如： Could you tell me the similarities and differences between the two? 你能告诉我这两者的相似点和不同点吗？【拓展】1) A be similar to B表示“A与B相似”。如： The girl is similar to her mother in appearance.这女孩在外貌上像她母亲。2）A be similar to B in表示“A与B在相似”。 The two areas are similar in that there is lots of rain in summer. 这两地相似之处在于夏季都有大量的降雨。4. 填in use. 介词短语in use表示“在使用中”，有被动之义，其中use为名词。 At that time, tools made of metal were widely used in China. 那时在中国金属工具已广泛在中国使用。【拓展】含use的常用短语还有：come into use开始使用；putto use 使用；be of great / no use 很有/没有用处（=useful / useless）；for the use of 为使用；make full/good use of 充分使用；Its no use doing sth.做某事没有用。 Its no used arguing with him any more. 再与他理论是没有用的。5. 填in return. 短语in return表示“作为回报”；in return for作为对的报答。 I treated him to dinner in return for his help. 我请他吃饭作为对他帮助的报答。【拓展】1) return可以用动词和名词“归还；返回；回报”。return sth to sb =return sb sth 把某物还给某人；return from abroad从国外回来；return sb a visit 回访某人。return 不可与副词back连用，否则语义重复。Many happy returns (of the day). 祝你长寿（生日或节日祝词）。2) in turn 表示“依次；反过来”。请看下列高考题：People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this creates further problems. (2020湖北）A. in short B. in caseC. in doubtD. in turn（答案：）【及时巩固】I选择。1. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will promote its economic development. A. in nature B. in turn C. in return D. in fact2. You shouldnt ignore the _ the internet _ on the teenagers. A. affect; have B. influence; have C. effect; takes D. influence; has3. As early as 500 BC, animals like oxen were _ helping the farmers. A. in turn B. in brief C. in use D. in case4. I dont know why English has _ rules. A. so many confusing B. so much confusing C. such much confused D. such many confused5. The twin brothers are _ to each other in many ways. A. the same B. different C. similar D. similarityII. 根据所给汉语完成下列句子。（每空一词）1. 吸烟影响自身和他人的健康。 Smoking _the _ of the smoker himself as well as _of others2. 那时邮票还没有在欧洲正广泛使用。 At that time, stamps were not widely _ _ Europe.3. 你应当努力学习来回报父母为你所做的一切。 You should work hard _ _ _ all _ your parents have done for you.4. 要是一个国家处于混乱中,那建设怎能进行下下去呢?If a country is left_ _, how can constructions be _ _?5. 比较不同文化时我们常只注意区别而不注意许多相似之处。 When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the _ without noticing the many _. Key: I. 1-5 BDCACII. 1. influences / affects; health; that 2. in use 3. in return for; that 4. in confusion; carried on 5. comparing; differences; similarities
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