2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题46（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Under no _ will I go there again.问题1选项A.circumstancesB.situationC.environmentD.occurrences【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”，under no circumstances“无论如何都不”；B选项situation“形势，局面”；C选项environment“环境”；D选项occurrences“发生的事情；（某事物的）发生”。句意：在任何_下我都不会再去那里了。根据语境，这里指的是在任何情况下都不会再去那里，结合词组under no circumstances“无论如何都不”，A选项circumstances“状况；境遇”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Nobody believes he made such a foolish mistake. People say he is very _.问题1选项A.experienceB.careerC.accurateD.actual【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常_。根据语境，这里指的是在别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题The words of his old teacher left a _ impression on his mind. He is still influenced by them.问题1选项A.lastingB.liberalC.longD.lively【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”；B选项liberal“开明的；大方的”；C选项long“长时间的”；D选项lively“活跃热情的；充满趣味的”。句意：他以前的老师的话给他留下了_印象。他仍然受到他们的影响。根据语境，很长的时间以后他都受老师言语的影响，lasting impression为固定短语，A选项lasting“持久的；永恒的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)”.However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2. What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forums report?4. What is Soren Andreasens view of the report?5. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference? 问题1选项A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B.Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.问题2选项A.It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B.It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C.It was warmly received by environmentalists.D.It caused a big stir in developing countries.问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassing.B.It is invalid in terms of methodology.C.It deserves our closest attention.D.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C.It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.问题5选项A.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C.How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems.（研究发现，受人类影响的气候变化提高了包括营养不良和与高温相关的各种疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球变暖造成疾病死亡率上升，没有说到贫穷国家的具体情况，B选项“由于全球变暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正确，C选项“营养不良在贫穷国家造成了严重的健康问题”错误。A选项“全球气温影响经济发展的速度”：根据第一段Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year（全球变暖每年造成超过30万人死亡，约1250亿美元的经济损失。），可知全球变暖造成经济损失，而不是影响经济发展速度，故错误。D选项“经济趋势与人口和自然灾害有关”：根据第二段第一句The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends.（这份将于周五发布的报告分析了有关健康、灾害、人口和经济趋势的数据和现有研究。），可知并没有指出这些研究内容的关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.（但在发布之前，该报告就遭到了一些气候和风险专家的批评，他们质疑报告的方法和结论。），可知有的气候和风险专家对此提出质疑，A选项“它受到了一些气候和风险专家的质疑”正确。B选项“它引起了科学界的极大兴趣”，C选项“它受到了环保主义者的热烈欢迎”和D选项“它在发展中国家引起了很大的轰动”：文中没有提到这个报告在整个科学界和发展中国家的影响，也没有提到环保主义者对此的看法，故错误。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句Roger Pielke Jr.,said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment”（Roger Pielke Jr.说论坛的报告是“方法论上的难题”），可知Pielke不认同这份报告的方法，没有对其数据进行评价，B选项“从方法论来讲是无效的”正确，A选项“统计数据看起来很尴尬”错误。C选项“值得我们密切关注”：根据第五段第二句Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”.（皮尔克博士说“气候变化是一个需要我们高度关注的重要问题。”），可知需要关注的是气候变化而非报告，故错误。D选项“结论被故意夸大”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第六段However, Soren Andreasensaying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.（然而，Soren Andreasen称这些数字显然是粗略的估计。他说，这份报告的目标是世界各国领导人，他们将于12月在哥本哈根开会，就新的国际气候条约进行谈判。），可知报告的数据是粗略的估计，不是仔细收集的，A选项“报告的结论基于仔细收集的数据”错误；而这粗略的估计主要是给世界各国领导人看的，D选项“报告粗略估计是为了吸引世界领导人的注意”正确；这些世界各国领导人将出席哥本哈根，而不是说报告会在这个会议上引起热烈讨论，C选项“报告将在哥本哈根会议上引起热烈的讨论”错误。B选项“如果仔细核查统计数据，报告经不起推敲”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节。根据第七段第一句In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases.（Annan在描述这份报告的新闻稿中强调，谈判有必要把重点放在增加从富裕地区向贫困地区的资金流动上，以帮助这些地区降低对气候灾害的脆弱性，同时仍然控制温室气体的排放。），可知Annan认为重点应该是富裕地区帮助贫困地区面对气候灾害，而不是如何解决全球性的问题，D选项“富裕国家如何更好地帮助贫困地区减少气候灾害”正确；A选项“富国和穷国如何分担遏制全球变暖的责任”，B选项“如何减少气候变化造成的人类和经济损失”和C选项“如何在全球范围内减少温室气体的排放”错误。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Spy writer John Le Carre hit the _ with his caustic portrayal of the citys mix of dreariness and international intrigue in his 1968 novel, A Small Town in Germany.问题1选项A.houseB.homeC.placeD.headline【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”；B选项home“家”；C选项place“地方”；D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”，hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”。句意：间谍作家约翰勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说德国小镇中，以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”，D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 翻译题This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman! Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. (1) They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species. (2) The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over.On the surface, the comments made by men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. (3) We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs (疯子). But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.(4) Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women cant do. Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called “rights”. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women havent even been given the cote.The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. (5) You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries.【答案】1. 她们一再证明自己几乎在所有领域都与男性平等，甚至往往优于男性。2. 这场为获得认可而进行的艰苦斗争已经取得胜利，但远未结束。3. 众所周知，女性发生的事故比男性少得多。因为她们开车非常认真负责，不会像疯子一样没有理智。4. 然而，男性仍然坚持认定许多工作女性做不了的假象。5. 可以肯定的是，如果允许女性坐在会议桌旁，在这个男性已经失败了几个世纪的地方，女性会如往常一样取得辉煌的成功。7. 单选题Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It wont be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.1. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?2. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?3. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?4. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?5. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?问题1选项A.She serves as a role model for African women.B.She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C.She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D.She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.问题2选项A.They are victims of violence.B.They are of an inferior violence.C.They use quite a lot of body language.D.They live on charity and social welfare.问题3选项A.Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B.How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C.How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D.What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.问题4选项A.However many fans she has, she should remain modest.B.She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.C.However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody.D.She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.问题5选项A.Help change the prevailing view about black women.B.Help her husband in the task of changing America.C.Outshine previous First Lady.D.Fully display her fine qualities.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American womanAnd that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.（但就我个人而言，我更为米歇尔奥巴马着迷，以及她可能会为这个国家做些什么，也为我这个非裔美国女性做些什么这意味着人们将第一次有机会近距离接触他们很少见到的非裔美国女性。），可知作者关心的是非裔美国女性米歇尔可以为国家和非裔美国女性做些什么，因为她是很少见到的非裔美国女性，展示了非裔美国女性的新形象，C选项“她将向世界展示了非裔美国女性的新形象”正确。A选项“她是非洲妇女的榜样”：米歇尔是美国人而非非洲人。B选项“作为第一夫人，她拥有许多令人钦佩的品质”：作者没有具体提到米歇尔的优点。D选项“她将更加关注非洲裔美国妇女的利益”：根据第三段第二句Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.（在她有机会作为第一夫人投身于一项事业、慈善事业或基金会之前，她最紧迫、或许也是最复杂的职责可能就是做自己。），可知米歇尔的当务之急是做好自己，还没有到投身于事业的时候。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.（常见的理论似乎是，我们都是脾气暴躁的单身母亲，留不住男人。在人们的想象中，黑人女性仍然无法摆脱成见，在别人看来，她们受人歧视、性欲过度、被未婚酗酒的母亲养大。），前一句对应暴虐的特点，后一句对应粗俗的特点，B选项“她们粗俗暴虐”正确；在非洲裔美国女性的普遍刻板印象中，她们是施暴者而不是受害者，她们性欲过多而非肢体语言过多，A选项“她们是暴力的受害者”和C选项“她们过多使用肢体语言”错误。D选项“她们靠慈善和社会福利生活”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第五段第二句Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.（许多非裔美国人的博客写了他们希望看到米歇尔给白宫带来什么主要是向世界展示，一位黑人女性可以支持她的丈夫，养育一个强大的黑人家庭。），可知许多非裔美国人期望米歇尔为白宫做的是展示如何做好妻子和母亲，D选项“作为妻子和母亲米歇尔在白宫应该做什么”正确。A选项“米歇尔是否能达到她的粉丝们的高度期望”和C选项“他们有一个黑人妇女入主白宫是多么的自豪”：文中没有提到。B选项“作为一个公众人物米歇尔应该如何表现”：这里更侧重的是作为女性，尤其是母亲和妻子，米歇尔该怎么做，而非只是作为公众人物。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise, confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.（但对许多像我一样的非裔美国女性来说，只要她稍稍展现出一点沉着、自信和智慧，就将对改变长久以来人们对非裔美国女性的印象大有帮助。），可知作者希望米歇尔不要让人失望，展现自己的沉着、自信和智慧，B选项“她不应该让非裔美国人社区失望”正确。A选项“不管她有多少粉丝，都应该保持谦虚”：文中没有提到。C选项“不管她怎么努力，都不可能让每个人都满意”：根据文章倒数第二句Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task.（米歇尔将不得不努力取悦每个人一项不可能完成的任务。），可知作者表达的重点是取悦每个人这件事情不可能做到，但是米歇尔必须努力去做，而非再努力也不能让每个人满意。D选项“她将优先考虑非裔美国妇女所关心之事”：根据第三段第二句Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.（在她有机会作为第一夫人投身于一项事业、慈善事业或基金会之前，她最紧迫、或许也是最复杂的职责可能就是做自己。），可知米歇尔不会优先考虑事业，包括非裔美国妇女所关心之事。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise, confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.（但对许多像我一样的非裔美国女性来说，只要她稍稍展现出一点沉着、自信和智慧，就将对改变长久以来人们对非裔美国女性的印象大有帮助。），可知对于非裔美国女性来说，她们最希望的就是米歇尔帮助改变人们对她们的刻板印象，而展示优秀品质只是达成这个目标的方式，不是表达的重点，A选项“帮助改变对黑人妇女的普遍看法”正确，D选项“充分展示她的优秀品质”错误。B选项“帮助她的丈夫完成改变美国的任务”和C选项“超越前第一夫人”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题I am never the first in line to try out or buy new technologies Case in point: I am the only person I know who has managed to survive on the planet this long without owning a cell phone. I live a simple, wire free life in a mountainous village on a remote island in the Aegean.This is why we moved here, to leave the city smog and the all-frantic pace behind us. Instead, we are surrounded by goats and cats. We made the right decision.A couple of weeks ago on the beach, I came across a salmon colored conch shell. Its a silly habit, but I hold a shell to my ear to see if I can hear the waves crashing. I never do, of course, but I repeat the exercise endlessly. I dont know why the thought hit me, but suddenly it occurred to me this shell was about the size of a first-generation cell phone. I decided to keep itEver since I brought it home, Ive been amusing myself by “dialing” it and waiting for it to ring. Amazing, this modern technology! I have called it and am quite taken with it.I figured it was time to test it out in the real world, minute as my “real world” is. I took it with me one day when we went out for lunch. As busy the other tables reached for their cell phones to check in with their bosses about this or that, I made my move. I held my shell phone to my ear and spoke briefly. I am a woman of few words.I watched for reactions, but nobody seemed the least bit concerned. On his way out, one diner complimented me on my unusual model. “Oh, its the latest in the Omega-22-Alpha series.” I smiled, “I bought it at the big electronics trade fair.”I had to laugh at my own joke: I havent been off my little Greek island for two years. I have completely forgotten what the interior of a bookstore or a movie theater looks like. I live 28sea-hours from Athens, truly in the middle of nowhere.The diner nodded, still taking me seriously. Perhaps he felt a bit embarrassed that he hadnt attended the trade fair. After all, nobody wants to admit being out of the loop about the latest trends, electronic or otherwise.I dont always carry it with me, but now I at least own a modern shell phone and am semi-connected to the rest of the planet. Of course, I wont hand out my number to just anybody. The last thing I want is a bunch of telemarketers finding me and interrupting my dinner to ask if I want to invest in time shares on a Greek island.I real