2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考前模拟强化练习题60（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-湘潭大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题I remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It has that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely; the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile Charlie Chaplins smile.“Arch, its Mikey,” he said. “So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana.”He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me; and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow.“You havent sold many bananas today, pop, I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders.“What can I do? No one seems to want them.It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York buildings, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my fathers bananas.“I ought to yell,” said my father dolefully. 66I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, Im ashamed of yelling. It makes me feel like a fool. I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father.“Ill yell for you, pop.” I volunteered,“Arch, no， he said, “go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma Ill be late.”But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonder&l yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, but nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. “Nu,” he said smiling to console me, “that was wonderful yelling, Mikey. But its plain we are unlucky today! Lets go home.”I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.1.“Unyoked” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to（ ）.2.Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?3.Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?4.What is the theme of the story?5.What is the authors attitude towards the father and the son?问题1选项A.sent outB.releasedC.dispatchedD.removed问题2选项A.Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B.Weather conditions and street lamps.C.Clattering trains and peddlers yells.D.Moving crowds and street traffic.问题3选项A.Compassionate.B.Responsible.C.Shy.D.Determined.问题4选项A.The misery of the factory workers.B.How to survive in a harsh environment.C.Generation gap between the father and the son.D.Love between the father and the son.问题5选项A.Indifferent.B.Sympathetic.C.Appreciative.D.Sneering【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.词义推测题。A选项表示“出发，启程”；B选项表示“释放，发布”；C选项表示“派遣，发送”；D 选项“移开，排除”。 根据划线词所在的那句话，句意为“我走在成千上万个从工厂口哨中解放出来的疲惫的男男女女中”。因此，四个选项中B选项release “释放”最贴近题意。2.推理判断题。题目问下列哪个选项的内容为一组对比。A选项“川流不息的人群与无人问津卖香蕉的父子俩”；B选项天气状况和路灯；C选项火车的咔嗒声和小贩的叫卖声；D选项移动的人群和街道交通；从文章内容中看， 只有A选项是本文最强烈的对比， 所以A选项正确。另外三组词都渲染了相同的情绪或是相似的情景，因此构不成对比。3.推理判断题。题目问下列哪一个词不适合来形容儿子的性格特点。根据文章第二段中“I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely; the tears came to my eyes. 我认出了他，一个驼背、冻得僵直的人，穿着一件旧大衣，站在一辆香蕉车旁。他看上去很孤独；泪水涌上了我的眼睛。”可知A选项compassionate “慈悲的，富有同情心的”符合儿子的性格特点；根据文章第十段可知，儿子在吃了爸爸的一根香蕉之后，觉得自己有必要为自己付款，那就应该帮助父亲叫卖，因此可看出儿子的负责任Responsible，B选项正确。根据文章最后三段可知，再叫卖了很久之后仍然没人来买香蕉，但是儿子仍然在叫卖，由此可看出儿子的意志坚定Determined，D选项正确。运用排除法，所以只有C选项不符合他的性格特征。4.主旨大意题。文章从儿子看见父亲开始，到父子俩的谈话，再到儿子为父亲叫卖香蕉，整篇文章都可看出父子情深，而不是代沟的问题；C选项排除，主人公并非工人，所以A选项排除；文章没有给出在艰难环境中如何生存下去的方法，所以B选项排除；因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。文章详细介绍了父子俩卖香蕉的艰难，但儿子坚持不懈地为父亲叫卖，而整篇文章的基调是比较忧郁的，由此可看出作者是满怀同情来写父亲生活的艰难的，因此B选项同情的正确。A项表示“冷漠的”；C项表示“感激的”；D项表示“嘲讽的”均不正确。2. 单选题The Sydney Olympics offered me an opportunity to learn more about staging a major multi-sport event and this knowledge, I felt, would stand me in good stead as I developed the media services that would be needed for our Salt Lake City Winter Games in 2002.I also decided that working as a volunteer would give me a greater understanding of a whole range of issues, which is why I joined the ranks of those working in the front line.But little did I suspect just how much, the experience would offer me such powerful feeling and a strong sense of pride-emotions which influence the many memories that I took away with me when I left Sydney.As a woman volunteer, I am not usually keen on uniforms, but from the moment I put on my Sydney volunteers uniform I felt I was part of something important something big that could well be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. I immediately bonded with others in the same uniform and as we passed each other in the street dressed in our colorful outfits, we smiled and said “Gday” to each other and those greetings continued throughout the two weeks of the Olympics.My job was as a supervisor in the Main Press Center where I managed 800 journalists* desks, the telephones, the banks of television and other volunteers, many of whom were media students. Our shifts were eight hours long and often overnight as the Center was open 24 hours, but we generally stayed longer out of choice as the work was important and exciting. Without us the journalists would not get their articles back to their home news desks and the stories of the emotional highs and lows of the competitors would never reach the outside world.As volunteers, we all felt our work was a valuable contribution to the success of the Olympics and we reveled in the compliments we received. We worked hard and we had fun. We made new contacts and friends from all over the world and we learned new skills which we will never lose.When the Olympics finished, all the volunteers 47,000 of us 一 were invited to take part in a parade through the streets of Sydney. Many of us did this, and thousands and thousands of people came out to cheer our efforts. Being part of that experience brought tears to many eyes.The Olympics was marvelous, and the work I went to do is relevant and valuable to the job I do now. But the experience of being involved in such a massive event and the recognition we were given for our efforts is what I will remember forever.1.The author worked as in the Main Press Center of the Sydney Olympics( ).2.According to the author, her pride in being a volunteer in the Olympics increased all the( )more when she was .3.According to the passage, the shifts for the volunteers in the Main Press Center were often( ) hours long.4.The author felt that the work of the volunteers was( ) .5.What the author will remember forever about the Olympic volunteer job is( ) .问题1选项A.a managerB.a journalistC.an editorD.a supervisor问题2选项A.wearing the colorful volunteer uniform and greeting the others in the streetB.learning more about staging a major multi-sport eventC.understanding better a whole range of issues related to the GamesD.joining the ranks of those working in the front line问题3选项A.8B.more than 8C.less than 8D.nearly 24问题4选项A.unimportant to the success of the OlympicsB.unnecessary to the success of the OlympicsC.irrelevant to the success of the OlympicsD.invaluable to the success of the Olympics问题5选项A.the colorful outfits they were wearing in the big eventB.the advice and service they gave to the athletesC.the recognition they were given for their effortsD.working overtime【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。本题是问作者在悉尼奥运会总新闻中心的工作是什么。根据本文第五段第一句 “My job was as a supervisor in the Main Press Center where I managed 800 journalists desks, the telephones, the banks of television and other volunteers, many of whom were media students. 我的工作是在主要的新闻中心担任主管，在那里我管理着800名记者的办公桌、电话、电视银行和其他志愿者，其中许多是媒体专业的学生。”可直接得出答案，作者的工作是作为一名监督员为奥运会服务的，D选项正确。2.细节事实题。本题是问作者什么时候作为奥运会志愿者的自豪感更加强烈。根据本文第四段第一句话中的but from the moment I put on my Sydney volunteers uniform I felt I was part of something important something big that could well be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. 但从我穿上悉尼志愿者制服的那一刻起，我就觉得自己是一件大事的一部分，一件可能是一生一次的大事。”可知A选项穿着五颜六色的志愿者制服，和街上的其他人打招呼符合题意。3.推理判断题。本题是问在总新闻中心工作的志愿者的轮班时间是多长。 根据本文第五段第二句话 “Our shifts were eight hours long and often overnight as the Center was open 24 hours, but we generally stayed longer out of choice as the work was important and exciting. 我们的轮班时间为8小时，而且通常是在中心24小时开放的情况下连夜工作，但由于工作重要且令人兴奋，我们通常会多待一些时间。”可知志愿者们轮班的时间实际上通常会超过八个小时，所以B选项正确。4.观点态度题。本题是问作者对于志愿者工作的感受。从本文的内容可知，作者一直在强调志愿者工作对奥运会的巨大作用，而A、B和C三个选项中的 “unimportant”、unnecessary”以及“irrelevant”都否定了志愿者的工作的重要性；只有D选项的“invaluable”表示“非常珍贵的，极有用的”肯定了志愿者的作用，所以D选项正确。5.细节事实题。本题是问作者会永远记住奥运会志愿者工作的哪些方面。 由本文最后一句话 “.and the recognition we were given for our efforts is what I will remember forever. 对我们努力的认可是我永远不会忘记的。”确定C选项他们的努力得到了认可正确。3. 单选题Some people view life as a(n)（ ）conflict between the frames of good and evil.问题1选项A.externalB.eternalC.centralD.internal【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。A选项 “外部的；表面上的；（药物）外用的”； B选项 “不朽的，永恒的，无休止的”； C选项 “中心的；主要的；中枢的”； D选项 “内部的， 内在的”；根据句意一些人将生活看作善恶势力之间永恒的冲突确定B选项正确。4. 单选题The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can（1）the joy of discovering for yourself something that is really important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you（2）accidentally or a sudden（3）, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal（4）are the payoff in education. A teacher may（5）you to learning and even encourage you in it, but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. Thats（6）to you.A research paper,（7）in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor;（8）you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a （9）where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and an（10）learning process. It provides a structure（11）which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. The research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to（12）a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others（13）you can do. Writing a research paper is（14）than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills（15）to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovery, and an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly（16）experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting.（17）the very idea of having to work（18）is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with（19）, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome.（20）consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach and you will find great pleasure in it.问题1选项A.exterminateB.disparageC.overwhelmD.exceed问题2选项A.confront withB.conform toC.come acrossD.concentrate on问题3选项A.insightB.achievementC.outcomeD.thought问题4选项A.behaviorsB.encountersC.segregationsD.opportunities问题5选项A.directB.helpC.pushD.move问题6选项A.offB.upC.downD.on问题7选项A.relatedB.loungedC.assignedD.relayed问题8选项A.leadsB.jotsC.jetsD.litters问题9选项A.situationB.interfaceC.fieldD.process问题10选项A.excellentB.idealC.abnormalD.accomplished问题11选项A.withoutB.withinC.uponD.by问题12选项A.devoteB.adoptC.adaptD.suit问题13选项A.becauseB.thatC.whichD.what问题14选项A.none otherB.ratherC.moreD.other问题15选项A.applicableB.suitableC.flexibleD.alternative问题16选项A.inspiringB.satisfyingC.rewardingD.stimulating问题17选项A.To the otherB.To anotherC.To the othersD.To others问题18选项A.accordinglyB.hardlyC.independentlyD.precisely问题19选项A.cautionB.anxietyC.difficultyD.passion问题20选项A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.In return【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:B第12题:D第13题:D第14题:C第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:C第19题:B第20题:C【解析】（1）动词词义辨析。A选项exterminate“消灭；根除”；B选项disparage“蔑视；毁谤”；C选项overwhelm“淹没；压倒”；D选项exceed “超过；胜过”。空格前“The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal.最激动人心的教育也是最个人的。”空格后 “discovering for yourself something that is really important to you 自己发现一些对自己确实重要的事情”，所以空格这里指代“自己发现对自己而言确实重要的一些事情带来的喜悦超过任何事情。”，D选项的“超过”符合文意，正确。（2）词组辨析。A选项confront with “使面临”；B选项conform to “ 符合；遵照”； C选项come across“偶遇；无意中发现”；D选项concentrate on “集中精力于；全神贯注于”。空格前“ an idea or a bit of information 一个想法或一些信息”,所以空格的对应是C选项“偶遇，无意中发现”。（3）名词词义辨析。A选项insight “洞察力；洞悉；顿悟”；B选项achievement “成就；完成；达到”；C选项outcome “结果，结局”；D选项thought “思想；思考；想法；关心”。空格后“ fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem拼凑信息或解决问题”是空格处填写内容带来的结果，所以空格这里应该是“突然的顿悟”，A选项正确。（4）逻辑关系。A选项behavior “行为，举止；态度；反应”；B选项encounter “相见；意外或偶然的相遇；遭遇”;C选项segregation“隔离，分离；种族隔离”；D选项opportunity “时机，机会”。空格前“Such personal如此个人的”指代的是上文提及的“偶遇的一个想法或一些信息与突然顿悟”，而这些全都是“意外的相遇”，B选项符合，正确。（5）动词词义辨析。A选项direct “引导；命令；导演（电影等）；指挥”；B选项help “帮助；促进”；C选项push “推动，对施加压力，逼迫”；D选项move “移动；感动”。由空格前“teacher老师”与空格后“你去学习，甚至鼓励你，但没有老师可以使兴奋或快乐发生。”可知A选项的“引导”符合语境，正确。（6）固定搭配。由空格前 “ but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen 但没有老师可以使兴奋或快乐发生。”所以空格后应该是这取决于你。B选项be up to sb. “取决于”是固定搭配。（7）动词词义辨析。A选项relate “叙述；使有联系”；B选项lounge“闲逛；懒洋洋地躺卧；闲混”；C选项assign “分配；指派；布置（作业等）”；D选项relay “转播；使接替；分程传递”。空格前“A research paper一篇研究论文”，空格后“in a course在课程中”，所以空格这里指代“布置，分配”，C选项正确。（8）动词词义辨析。A选项lead “领导；致使；引导；指挥”；B选项jot “略记；摘要记载下来”;C选项jet“射出”;D选项litter乱丢;把弄得乱七八糟”。由空格前一篇研究论文，在一个课程中指定，可能在不同的阶段由老师检查和空格后“.你越过教室，超出文本类”可知A选项的“引导”符合文意，正确。（9）逻辑关系。A选项situation “情况；形势；处境；位置”；B选项interface “界面；接口”；C选项field “领域；牧场；旷野；战场”；D选项process “过程；方法，步骤；程序”。这句话主句部分是A research paper, lead you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a . where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times.一篇研究论文，带你走出课堂，走出课文，走进在其中，发现和学习的乐趣可以来到你的身边很多次。由空格后 “an active and individual process 一个积极和个人的过程”中process的对应确定上文指的是“研究论文的写作带你进入一个过程，在其中”，所以D选项“过程”符合语境，正确。（10）形容词词义辨析。A选项excellent “卓越的；极好的；杰出的”；B选项ideal “理想的；完美的;想象的”；C选项abnormal “反常的，不规则的”；D选项accomplished “完成的；熟练的；有学问的”。空格前“an active and individual process 一个积极和个人的过程”，空格后“learning process学习过程”，中间由连词and连接表并列，所以B选项“理想的”符合语境，正确。（11）介词词义辨析。A选项without “没有；缺乏；在外面”；B选项within “在之内”; C选项upon “根据；接近；在之上”；D选项by “通过；被;依据；在之前”。空格前“a structure一个体系”，空格后是一个which引导的定语从句，“你能在体系内得到激动人 心的发现等”，B选项“在之内”符合语境，正确。（12）逻辑关系。A选项devote “致力于；奉献”；B选项adopt “采取；接受；收养”；没有 adopt sth. to sth.的搭配；C选项adapt “使适应”，改编”，与to连用adapt to sth适应某事；D选项suit “相配；使适应，常与to连用”，suit sth. to sth. “使某事与某事相配”。由空格前 “研究论文也给了你一个个性化学校作业的机会，”空格后.一份适合自己兴趣和能力的工作，D选项使句意变成“让作业与你的兴趣和能力相配”，符合文意，正确。（13）语法题。A选项because“因为”；B选项that “那个”；C选项which“哪/那一个;哪/那一些”；D选项what “什么；多么;多少”。空格后“you can do 你能做”中的do缺少宾语，所以D选项“什么”使句意变成“向别人展示你能做什么”正确。（14）逻辑关系。A选项none other than “恰是”；B选项rather than “而不是”；C选项more than “多于；超出”；D选项other than “除了；不同于”。由空格后 “It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing它是一个在寻找、理解和综合方面的经历”可知空格句这里指代“写研究报告不仅是课堂练习”，C选项正确。（15）形容词词义辨析。A选项applicable “可适用的；可应用的；合适的”；B选项suitable “适当的；相配的”；C选项flexible “灵活的；柔韧的;易弯曲的”；D选项alternative “供选择的；选择性的；交替的”。空格所在句句意它是一种探索、理解和综合的经验，是许多学术和非学术任务技能的.基础。由关键词“academic and nonacademic tasks 学术和非学术任务”可知“可应用的”符合题意，正确。（16）逻辑关系。A选项inspiring “鼓舞人心的；灌输的;启发灵感的”;B选项satisfying “令人满意的；令人满足的”；C选项rewarding“有益的；有报酬的”；D选项stimulating“刺激的； 有刺激性的”。空格所在句句意从最充分的意义上说，这是一个发现，也是一种教育。所以，写一篇好的研究论文既是有用的，也是一次彻底的体验!由and并列连接连个形容词修饰experience，前一个是“useful有用的”所以B选项“令人满意的”符合语境，正确。（17）逻辑关系。本段句首是“to some对一些人来说”，所以空格所在是固定搭配，“对其它人来说to others”，D选项正确。（18）逻辑关系。A选项accordingly “因此;相应地”；B选项hardly “几乎不，简直不；刚刚”; C选项independently “独立地；自立地”；D选项precisely “精确地；恰恰”。空格所在句句意对一些人来说，不得不写指定的页数(通常比以往任何时候都多)的想法令人不安。对其他人来说，不得不写本身就是一种威胁。由空格前“write an assigned number of pages写指定数量的论文”和常识“研究论文一般自己独自写”可知“独立地”符合语境，所以C选项正确。（19）名词词义辨析。A选项caution “小心，谨慎；警告”；B选项anxiety “焦虑；渴望”；C选项difficulty“困难，困境”;D选项passion “激情;热爱”。由空格前关键词“disconcerting令人不安的”和threatening威胁的可知“焦虑”符合语境，B选项正确。（20）逻辑关系。A选项furthermore “此外;而且”；B选项therefore “ 因此；所以”；C选项instead “代替；反而”；D选项in return “作为回报；作为交换”。空格前“nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome没有人应该将研究论文看成是需要去克服的一个障碍。”空格后“consider it a goal to accomplish把它当成一个去完成的目标。”两句话句意发生了转折，所以C选项“反而”符合语境，正确。5. 单选题Jan Hendrik Schons success seemed too good to be true, and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laborites, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papers one every 16 days dealing with new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious. When one co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate paperswhich also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Naturethe jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. His career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of presumption and due reward.In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reach to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers.Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neuroscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science papers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy the publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications.Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular p