被动语态高考复习

一.高考趋势高考对动词语态的考查往往与对时态的考查同时进行，通常包括以下几个方面的内容：1 .常用时态中的语态；2 .非谓语动词中的语态；3 .主动表被动的情况。二.知识讲解语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表小主语是 动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般是在不知道或没有必要知道动作的 执行者是谁时，我们是被动语态We use electricity to run machines.（主动语态）Electricity is used to run machines.（被动语态）【不能用于被动语态的动词和短语】1 .在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起 误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed,occur, come true, take place, consist of。2 .某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如： become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit 也没有被动语态。【被动语态的时态形式】表1时间一般时时现在 am askeden askedis askedare asked过去 was be askedwere be asked将来 shall be asked常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式进行完成时am being askedhave beis being askedare being askedwas being askedhad been askedwere being askedshall have been askedwill be askedwill have been asked过去should be askedshould have been asked将来would be askedwould have been asked【短语动词的被动语态】短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如:So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.All the rubbish should be got rid of.【get + -ed分词”的被动语态】“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:The boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事， 是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如:get dressed （穿衣 K）get divorced （离婚）get engaged （订婚）get confused（迷惑不解）get lost （迷路）get washed （洗脸）get married （结婚）【能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态】1 .能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留卜来例如:1）We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态）2）The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态）3）Our new products were shown to the visitors.（被动语态）2 .能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如:（主动语态）1） The teacher appointed him League secretary.2） He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态）【被动语态与系表结构的区别】（系表结构）（1） The novel was well written.（2） The novel was written by Dickens.(被动语态)【英语中常用主动表被动的情况】1 . 一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash,wear, etc.此类动词常接副词作状语。例如：The door wont shut.门关不上。The shoes wear well. 这鞋子经穿。2 . 系动词 look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear, etc.止匕类动词常接形容词作表语。例如：The cloth feels soft.这布料摸起来柔软。The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。3 .作定语的不定式。例如：I have a lot of work to do this week.Have you got anything to say at the meeting4 .在形容词easy, difficult, hard等之后作状语的不定式。例如：This question is difficult to answer.We find the man hard to get along with.5 . need, want, require作需要时，他们后面常接主动的-ing分词或被动的不定式。在这种情况下，句子的主语必须在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。例如： Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned everyday.比较：I need to have my hair cut.He wants to go home this afternoon.6 .用于 be worth doing 结构。例如：The film is well worth seeing twice.The book is worth reading.比较 worthy 用法：The book is worthy to be read.The book is worthy of being read.【主动结构中使役动词】如：let, make or感官动词等后不加to地动词不定式变为被动结构时，动词前面要加toThe teacher made Tom do all the homework.Tom was made to do all the homework by the teacher.【被动语态的翻译】一般用“由，被，受”来翻译表达，有些固定句型地翻译：it is said, it is reported, it is believed, it is thought, it is discovered, it is found that 三.典型例题1 .（北京2000,单项填空）The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung正确答案：B此题考查内容较多，涉及时态、语态，谓语动词和非谓语动词等。题干中已 有谓语is painted, 不能选C; D选项表示“正在被挂，不合题意；作后置定语时，hanging =hung, 所以选Bo2.（北京2000,单项填空）All the preparations for the task, and were ready to start.A. completedB. completeC. had been completedD. have been completed正确答案：D此题既考时态，又考语态，根据语境该用现在完成时被动语态，所以选Do3. （MET89单项填空）-What do you think of the book-Oh, excellent. Its worth a second time.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read正确答案：C此题考查be worth doing 的用法，所以选C=四.知识过关1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay2. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened toA. be put upB. give inC. be turned onD.go out3. -the sports meet might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been toldB. Ive toldC. Im toldD. I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection.A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D.is completed5. -Do you like the material-Yes, it very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt6. In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar.D.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesshout to be heard even atB. are not kept; have toD. do not keep; have toC. are paintedD. areservedcity noises from increasing, peoplethe dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have toC. do not keep; will have to8. -Have you moved into the new house-Not yet, the rooms.A. are being paintedB. are painting being painting正确答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A正确答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A