2022年高考英语二轮总复习 第1讲 冠词学案

2022年高考英语二轮总复习 第1讲 冠词学案1. Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. (xx浙江卷) A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 【答案及解析】1. D考查冠词在语境中的用法。句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picasso意为a Picassos painting，泛指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。 2. Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body. (xx浙江卷) A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /【答案及解析】2. B句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。“对有害”是固定短语“do harm to”，名词前无冠词；之后的weakening是动词加ing形式，是一个抽象名词，当表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。 3. I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan. (xx浙江卷) A. the; a B. 不填； the C. the; 不填 D. a; the【答案及解析】3. D句意：我不明白那个工程师的意思，但我已大致了解了这个项目的计划。have a rough idea是固定词组，意为“大致了解”，而plan在本句中表示特指，故用定冠词the。 定冠词的基本用法 1. 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 2. 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. 3. 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物之前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。4. 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right5. 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest定冠词的基本用法 6. 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded7. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nations8. 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake9. 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：the Smiths 10. 用于西洋乐器名词前。如：play the piano, play the violin11. 用于发明物前。如：The pass was invented in China. 12. 用于年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s. 13. 用于固定词组中。如：in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the other hand, at the same time不定冠词的基本用法 1. 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. 2. 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. 3. 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 4. 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day. 5. 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.6. 表数量，相当于one，但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 7. 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. 8. 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact, in a hurry不用冠词的情况：1. 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons. 2. 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. 3. 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture.I do not have any money.As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 4. 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. 5. 称呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?6. 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?7. 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 不用冠词的情况： 8. 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 9. 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm(手挽手); hand in hand(手牵手); side by side(肩并肩); day and day(日日夜夜)；young and old(老老少少); from door to door(挨门挨户); from beginning to end(从头到尾); from morning till night(从早到晚)等。 易错易混点1. 抽象名词具体化时，被具体化的名词可能会与a/an连用。如： a heavy rain一场大雨 a surprise一件怪事 a pleasure一件乐事 a success / failure一个成功的或失败的人，一件成功的或失败的事 2. 形容词比较级前用the表示“两者中较的”，而形容词比较级前用a/an则表示“再/更”。 形容词最高级前用the表示“三者或三者以上中最的”， 而形容词最高级前用a/an时无比较含义。如： Which is the_larger country, Canada or Australia? If there were no exams, we should have a_much_happier_time at school. It is a_most_useful book. ( a very useful book) He is the_most_diligent_student in this class. 3. “the 序数词”表示排序， “a/an 序数词”则表示“再一、又一”之意。序数词修饰动词事实上已成为副词，这时要用零冠词。如： Can you give me a_second_chance,_please？(another chance) He was only 5 years old when I first saw him. 4. 表示世界上独一无二的事物时一般用the修饰，但如果此类名词已有修饰成分，也可能加a/an。如：all over the_world,_ a peaceful world。 5. “零冠词 单数名词 as/though 主语谓语”， 意为“虽然/尽管但是”。考生易犯带上冠词的错误。如： Hero as he is, he has some shortings. Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world. 6. 牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：weather, fun, space, advice, word(置于句首相当于news), progress, information, news。以上这些词不能与不定冠词连用。如： Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.