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第一编综合能力再提升一、阅读理解题型一细节理解题语篇出处：2019年全国卷A篇语篇类型：应用文主题语境：暑假工作Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 1518 years old in select communities (社区)Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.1What is special about Summer Company?AIt requires no training before employment.BIt provides awards for running new businesses.CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer job opportunities.2What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A1518. B1524.C1529. D1617.3Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth.BSummer Company.CStewardship Youth Ranger Program.DSummer Employment Opportunities.解答广告、旅游信息、演出信息、工作介绍等应用文的关键是题干，采用题干定位法。题1：题干定位：根据题干中的关键词“Summer Company”，可定位到Summer Company一段。文中关键句为“Summer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”运用同义替换，判断出 “run their own summer businesses”相当于“running new businesses”。选B。题2：题干中的关键词是 “Stewardship Youth Ranger Program”，由文中“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，雇佣时的年龄要在16到17岁，且在12月31日前不能超过18岁。选D。题3：题干中关键词是“the disabled”，可以替换为“persons with a disability”。由“Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，“Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)”项目有利于残疾人找工作。选D。考法1事实细节题“题干定位”法典例片段(2019江西重点盟校模考)Here are our suggestions for keeping busy this week. Dive in！ . Get scientific in LondonExperience the latest, best and most challenging science covering all areas of our lives and universe at New Science Live at ExCel London. New Scientist Live is a fourday festival full of ideas and discoveries from the team behind the worlds most popular science weekly magazine, featuring four zonesBrain& Body, Technology, Earth and Universeas well as talks from experts and over 200 exhibitors.What is true about New Scientist Live？A.A science weekly magazine. B.A festival where ideas and discoveries are shared.C.A festival to celebrate great scientists.D.An exhibition to show scientific discoveries.第一步题干定位：题干中的关键词是“New Scientist Live”。第二步锁定信息：文中信息是“New Scientist Live is a fourday festival full of ideas and discoveries”。第三步分析对比： 文中信息与选项B中的信息“festival”和“ideas and discoveries”相匹配，故选B。考法2间接信息题“断章取义”法典例片段(2018全国卷，A篇) Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, DC.Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for DC. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, DC. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour？A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park.C.Visit wellknown museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories.第一步锁定关键词：题干中的关键词是“Capital City Bike Tour”。第二步定位相关信息：文中信息是“entertain you with the most interesting stories”。第三步分析对比：文中“entertain you with the most interesting stories”与选项D中的信息“Enjoy interesting stories”相匹配，是同义替换，故选D。考法3数字计算题“加减乘除”法典例片段(2019重庆模考)You can visit as many attractions as you wanteven more with the time saved with fast track entry. You dont need to carry too much cash and the New York Pass keeps control on your spending. New York Pass Prices：Offer Ends: Fri. 13 Feb. 2016ProductPrice1 Day Adult Pass$751 Day Child Pass$552 Day Adult Pass$1102 Day Child Pass$903 Day Adult Pass$1123 Day Child Pass$967 Day Adult Pass$1447 Day Child Pass$112Jack and his two kids will visit New York for three days in January in 2016, how much should he pay for the New York Pass? A.$520. B$420.C.$380. D$304.第一步题干定位：题干中的关键词是“Jack and his two kids”“three days”和“in January”。内容考查观光价格。第二步锁定信息：文中信息是表格中的“3 Day Adult Pass”和“3 Day Child Pass”，2月13号之前成人价格优惠到$112；儿童价格是$96。第三步正确计算：一个成人$112，加上两个儿童$96乘以2，共计$304，故选D。考法4事件排序题“首尾定位”法典例片段(2019湖北七市联考)Recently, a 1935 letter in which Ernest Hemingway detailed his catch of a 500lb blue marlin (青枪鱼), an adventure that is believed to have partly inspired his novel The Old Man and the Sea, has been sold for $28,000 (22,000). . Nate D Sanders, the auction (拍卖) company which sold the letter, said it documented for the first time in Hemingways own words not only the size of the marlin, but also the attack by sharks, reflecting the plot of the novel. . The Old Man and the Sea was also inspired by an anecdote told by Hemingways Cuban friend Carlos Gutierrez. In 1936, Hemingway wrote in a magazine . about an old fisherman who caught a great marlin alone.Three years later, Hemingway . was planning a short story . he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954.Which is the correct order of time for the following facts in the passage？Hemingway wrote a letter to describe his adventure.Hemingway caught a big blue marlin.The letter was sold at auction.The Old Man and The Sea won the Nobel Prize.A. BC. D第一步事实信息：1.写信内容是关于金枪鱼的，说明先捉到鱼，后写信。2.捉到金枪鱼的事激发他写了老人与海。第二步分析对比：老人与海使他获得了诺贝尔奖，成名之后这封信被拍卖。第三步锁定答案： 最早的事件是捉到鱼，最后事件是拍卖信。选B。(2019陕西西安模考)语篇类型：应用文主题语境：产品广告篇章导读：本文是一篇广告，介绍了Personal Robot和WATCH CONTROL的功能和价格。1.With help from a Mr H, you can _.A.stop using batteriesB.remember your teachers instructionsC.finish your homework on timeD.get your room tidied on your way home答案：C细节理解题。由“Are you having problems finishing your homework on time？”和“You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr Helping Hand personal robot.”可知，Mr H可以帮助你按时完成作业。2.A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to _.A.repair your TVB.know what the weather is likeC.be a James BondD.organize your homework答案：B细节理解题。由“gives you a daily weather forecast”可知，PENGO WATCH CONTROL可以告知天气状况。3.Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? A.On a notice board.B.On a teenage website.C.In a company brochure.D.In a college newspaper.答案：B推理判断题。由“For further information, click here.”可知，文章来自网站。guarantee n. 为(产品)提供保修；包换act as 担任，充当a remote control 遥控器第一段最后一句：Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.译文：你自己的机器人会跟着你到处走，把你留在地板或床上的书和东西收起来。分析：putting away .为现在分词作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词books and objects。专题强化训练(一)(1) (2019衡水中学模考)Books Kids Should Read Before Theyre 12The Snowy DayBy Ezra Jack KeatsA young boy wakes to a world of freshly fallen snow and goes exploring throughout the cityscape in this gentle, shining classic. With simple text and imaginative collages (拼贴图), Ezra Jack Keats catches the delight kids feel in the simplest pleasures. Goodnight MoonBy Margaret Wise BrownAs the moon rises in a winter night sky, a young rabbit settles down for the night. An old lady rabbit rocks quietly in a nearby chair sewing, two cats playing on the carpet. The room grows gradually darker as the rabbit says goodnight to each object in his room and outside the window, and then falls asleep.The Tale of Peter RabbitBy Beatrix PotterDespite his mothers warning, Peter Rabbit enters Mr McGregors garden. Sure enough, Mr McGregor tracks Peter with a spade. Peter loses his shoes among the potatoes and cabbages. Frightened and out of breath, Peter finally sees the gate and slips back home. He is put to bed with a cup of tea while his three wellbehaved sisters enjoy fruits and milk. Frog and Toad (蟾蜍) Are FriendsBy Arnold LobelOnce Frog convinces the sleepy Toad that winter is actually over, the two friends run outside to see how the world is looking in spring. With each new season comes new journeys. Even though the characters are fictional, the feelings they share are very real, and the care they show for each other and the world around them stands out as a good example of friendship. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几本孩子们在12岁之前应该阅读的书目。1.Which book can help children develop a bedtime routine？A.The Snowy Day.B.Goodnight Moon.C.The Tale of Peter Rabbit. D.Frog and Toad Are Friends.答案：B细节理解题。题干中的关键词是“bedtime”，Goodnight Moon 中提到“. says goodnight to each object . and then falls asleep”，这就告诉了孩子们睡觉前该做什么。故选B。2.What does Peter Rabbit do? A.He explores a forbidden garden.B.He has an argument with his mother.C.He robs a garden of some vegetables.D.He is too frightened to slip back home.答案：A细节理解题。题干关键词是“Peter Rabbit”，根据该部分中的“Despite his mothers warning, Peter Rabbit enters Mr McGregors garden.”以及下文的冒险经历可知，Peter Rabbit去了一个禁止进入的园子里探险。3.What does Arnold Lobel intend to tell children in his book？A.Friendship. BFiction writing.C.Information sharing. DAnimal protection.答案：A细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“Arnold Lobel”，我们可以定位到最后一段。由该段中的“as a good example of friendship”可知，该书讲的是友谊。explore vt. 探索imaginative adj. 富于想像力的slip vi. 溜走，悄悄地走最后一段最后一句：Even though the characters are fictional, the feelings they share are very real, and the care they show for each other and the world around them stands out as a good example of friendship.译文：尽管这些角色都是虚构的，但他们分享的感情却是真实的，他们对彼此和周围世界的关心是友谊的典范。分析：这是一个主从复合句。even though引导让步状语从句，主句中的they share与they show for each other and the world around them都是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，分别修饰feelings和care。(2)(2019北京海淀模考)Everyone at Pacsafe is always eager to get out in the world and enjoy new cultures, food, and experiences. With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations for 2019. They also included their favorite Pacsafe bag to take on the trip. Enjoy and hopefully get some ideas for your own globetrotting adventure.Sri LankaAlison Hanko, Global Marketing DirectorIm going to Sri Lanka this summer holiday and cant wait. Its close to Hong Kong where I live and Ive always wanted to go. The food is supposed to be amazing. It seems really relaxing and I really want to do the Kandy to Badulla train ride, which looks just stunning. Weve booked a good mix of beaches, some time in a safari tent to hopefully see elephants in the wild. For my bag, Ill most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the builtin wet pack for my bikinis. Its also a great size for a weeklong trip in a warm climate. JapanBen Barras, Creative DirectorJapan is definitely my best travel destination recommendation. The culture, the streets, the architecture, the inspiration you get from all of that is amazing. The food is also fascinating. Its where Im most planning to go. Tokyo obviously, but also visiting the mountains. You can go snowboarding, which I havent done for years.I have a Vibe 25L Backpack which you can pack a lot in. The thing I like most about it is that its compact, but still fits plenty in. Ill pair that up with a larger travel bag for the rest of my things and use the backpack to get around day to day.BerlinPhil Hayes, Executive VP of Global DesignFor me, its definitely Berlin. Im particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on. Also the art galleries and history. Food, nightlife. Everything Ive heard about Berlin is pretty cool, so Im going to suck as much as I can out of it. Worlds Global Style Network had the Berlin shopping list that came out recently, so Im going to follow that through as well.Bag wise, it will be the Quiksilver X Collab Bag. Its the 25L Antitheft Backpack. Its normally my goto bag for city trips because its super easy to lock on the plane and in bars, and its just the right amount of space.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，主要推荐了几处旅游胜地。1.Which of the Pacsafe bag is a good choice for beach travel？A.The Quiksilver 40L Pack.B.The Vibe 25L Backpack.C.The Quiksilver X Collab Bag.D.25L Antitheft Backpack.答案：A细节理解题。题干中提到“beach travel”，由第三段中的“For my bag, Ill most likely take the Quiksilver 40L Pack because it has the builtin wet pack for my bikinis.”可知，the Quiksilver 40L Pack这种包有内置的专门装比基尼的地方，很适合沙滩旅行。2.If you are interested in fashion, which destination should you choose？A.Sri Lanka. BJapan.C.Hong Kong. DBerlin.答案：D细节理解题。题干中的关键词是“fashion”，由倒数第二段中的“For me, its definitely Berlin. Im particularly excited about the fashion”可知，如果你对时尚感兴趣，可以选择去柏林。3.What can you enjoy in all the three places mentioned？A.Beautiful beaches. BAmazing food.C.Fascinating art. DCool snowboarding.答案：B细节理解题。三个地方分别提到“The food is supposed to be amazing.”“The food is also fascinating.”“Food, nightlife. Everything Ive heard about Berlin is pretty cool”，都是说明食物很棒。故选B。4.The main purpose of the passage is to _.A.share personal travelling experiencesB.offer practical tips on taking adventureC.present cultures in different countriesD.recommend favorable travel destinations答案：D推理判断题。由第一段中的“With that in mind we asked a few of our top travel bugs for their best travel destination recommendations”可知，本文旨在推荐几处游览胜地。recommendation n. 推荐be supposed to 理应，应该stunning adj. 令人震惊的，让人叫绝的倒数第二段第二句：Im particularly excited about the fashion, which I hear is pretty full on.译文：我对时装特别感兴趣，我听说它(在柏林)相当流行。分析：这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fashion。定语从句中的I hear是插入语。(3)Amazon is the largest online retailer (零售商) in the world. It has over 200 million customers. Annual revenues exceed $61 billion and its growth rate is 31.5% per year.On a peak day, Amazon will sell 306 products per second and ship 15.6 million of those products worldwide.According to founder and CEO Jeff Bezos, Amazons success is based upon meeting core customer expectations such as low prices and fast delivery. “I know that people will want low prices 10 years from now. I know that they will want fast delivery，” he said.But fast delivery is dependent on a number of thirdparty delivery services, which are struggling to meet Amazons expectations.So how does one of the worlds leading technology innovators approach this problem? Well, he creates an offthewall project to develop a seemingly impossible technological solution.Such projects are typically referred to in Silicon Valley as “moon shot ideas”. Ideas are so technologically ambitious that most people would consider them impossible.Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin have their selfdriving car project and PayPal founder Elon Musk has his SpaceX project to colonize Mars.Bezos Amazon Prime Air project plans to use unmanned aerial drones(无人机) to deliver parcels. Flying robots that will come to your home with your order.Its an ambitious undertaking and the challenges are so extensive and overwhelming that it just looks like a dumb idea unless you believe this quote, “The ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do.”篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了网络销售巨头亚马逊利用无人机来提高货物的运输速度。1.How many products can Amazon sell in an hour on a peak day？A.18,180. B18,666.C.61,200. D1,101,600.答案：D细节理解题。由第二段中的“On a peak day, Amazon will sell 306 products per second”可知，亚马逊在销售高峰期时，一秒钟可以销售306件货物，那么一小时的销售量应为30660601,101,600。2.Why do so many people buy products on Amazon？A.There are so many choices on Amazon.B.The products are cheap and delivered soon.C.The products have some leading technology.D.Amazon get the support from Silicon Valley.答案：B推理判断题。由第三段中的“Amazons success is based upon meeting core customer expectations such as low prices and fast delivery”可知，亚马逊的成功建立在满足了核心客户期望的基础上，比如价位低、递送快。3.Whats the solution to Amazons fast delivery？A.SpaceX project. BUnmanned aerial drones.C.Moon shot ideas. DSelfdriving car project.答案：B细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Bezos Amazon Prime Air project plans to use unmanned aerial drones (无人机) to deliver parcels.”可知答案为B。4.Which of the following can be used to best describe CEO Jeff Bezos？A.Strict. BSerious.C.Creative. DAttractive.答案：C推理判断题。由第五段可知，作为世界顶级的科技创新者之一，Jeff Bezos创建了一个古怪的项目来开发一个看起来不可能的技术解决方案。由此可知Jeff Bezo很有创新思维。exceed vt. 超过be dependent on 取决于overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的最后一段：Its an ambitious undertaking and the challenges are so extensive and overwhelming that it just looks like a dumb idea unless you believe this quote, “The ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do.”译文：这是一项前途无量的事业，挑战是永无止境和令人窒息的，以至于它只是看起来像一个愚蠢的想法，除非你相信这句话，“那些疯狂到认为他们可以改变世界的人，就是那些做实事的人。”分析：这是一个含有状语从句的并列复合句，and连接两个分句。在第二个分句中含有so . that . 引导的结果状语从句和unless引导的条件状语从句。引语中的who引导定语从句，分别修饰前面的先行词ones; think后面的that引导宾语从句。(4)(2019江西临川一中模考)The cost of living in countries like the US, Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed in recent years. However, if youre willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.EcuadorEcuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has become a popular American getaway. They even use the US Dollar for their currency. In this country, its cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the US. You can even buy a property for around $50,000 and hire someone to tend to it while youre away.MexicoAlthough the country is known for its povertyridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.ArgentinaArgentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, its not very expensive to live here. A decent (尚好的) sized home can cost around $139,000, which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.VietnamVietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years. There are many million dollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25,000 to $50,000 if you search in the right areas.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个生活消费水平较低但是成为旅游胜地的国家。1.How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year？A.About $7,000. BAbout $8,000.C.About $8,400. DAbout $9,800.答案：C细节理解题。由第三段中的“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico”可知，一年12个月，乘以$700 to $800，在墨西哥生活一年至少花费$8,400。2.What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common？A.They both have
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