定语从句学案 (2)

定语从句讲与练一、 定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。 我们先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，再在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语 a beautiful girl （ ） three boys （ ） a shoe factory （ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ） the man standing at the door （ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念 1 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词, 代替先行词。 请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系词： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 定语从句的主要特征： （1） 关系词要在从句中充当一定的成分； （2）what永远不能引导定语从句； （3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“.的” 三、定语从句的基本用法： 定语从句的引导词关系代词（6）关系副词（3）（一） 关系代词引导的定语从句 1who 指_，在定语从句中作_语，有时也作_语(可省略)。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, who不能_。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, who不能_。 Mr smith who you met yesterday is my friend. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, who可以_。 You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, who可以_。 2whom 指_，在定语从句中做_语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, 可以_。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, 可以_。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3. whose 通常指_，也可指_，在定语从句中做_语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, 相当于_. I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, 相当于_. 注意： 常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词 _ 4which 指_，在定语从句中做_语或_语，做_语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, _省略。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, _省略。 This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, _省略。 The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, _省略。 5that 引导定语从句时，既可以指_，也可以指_。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相 当于which.。在定语从句中作_语或_语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, _省略。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 分析：先行词:_; 关系代词:_在从句中作_语, _省略。 练习： The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / comes after spring is summer. (二) 关系副词引导的定语从句 1when 指时间，在定语从句中作_。常可以用in/on/at which代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 分析：先行词:_; 关系副词:_在从句中作_语,相当于_. The time when we got together finally arrived. 分析：先行词:_; 关系副词:_在从句中作_语,相当于_. October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：1._ 2._ Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：1._ 2._ 2where 指地点，在定语从句中作_。常可用in/on/at which代替。 Lanzhou is the city where I was born. 分析：先行词:_; 关系副词:_在从句中作_语,相当于_. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：1._ 2._ The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 分析：先行词:_; 关系副词:_在从句中作_语,相当于_. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：1._ 2._注意：当先行词是stage, situation, occasion, point时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。 Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尴尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him. 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作_。常可用for which来代替。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 分析：先行词:_; 关系副词:_在从句中作_语,相当于_. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：1._ 2._ The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 分析：先行词:_; 关系副词:_在从句中作_语,相当于_. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：1._ 2._ 总结：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如： I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students moved us. Great changes are taking place in the city where (=_) they live. The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 四、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例： The teacher told me Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 注意1：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。 Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her. He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us. 注意2：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that， 指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语且不省)，指物时须用which.注意3：as 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The earth is round, which is known to everyone. 译：_ The earth is round, as is known to everyone. 译：_总结：1. 意义不同_ 2. Which引导的非限定从句只能放在主句后，而as引导的非限定从句_五 定语从句考查重点： （一）先行词是物时，定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 总结：1. 当先行词是_词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much等代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 总结：2. 当先行词被_修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 总结：3. 当先行词被the same, the last_修饰时。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 总结：4. 当先行词既有_又有_时。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 口诀记忆法：_ ,_. 总结：在who,或which引导的_问中。 思考：什么时候只能which 而不能用that呢？ 1.在_中 2.在_之后。 （二）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school _ he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager _ I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意： 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. ( ) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （ ） 若介词放在关系代词前，指人时只可用whom；指物时只可用which. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( ) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( ) 有时介词前有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. （四） 当先行词被one of 和the only one of修饰时的区别 He is one of the students who _ never late. 译：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late. 译：_ （五） 当先行词是when, where, why时的正确使用。 I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together. I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in. This is the reason _ _ he was unhappy. This is the reason _ he explained to me. （六） 当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意区别： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。 （七） 当先行词为the way时，通常由in which或that引导，也可省略。 The way _he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the way_ you laugh at her. 提升练习：1.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water.AwhichBWho Cwhere Dwhat2It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.AThat BWhere Cwhich Dwhat3. The prize will go to the writer_ story shows the most imagination. AThat BWhich Cwhose Dwhat4. By 16：30,_ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AWhich BWhen Cwhat Dthat5. We live in an age_ more information is available to everyone.AWhy BWhen Cto whom Don which6. Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales.AWhich BThat Cwhen Dwhere7(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of_ have been made into television series. AThem BThat Cwhich Dwhat8(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin them Cof whom Dof them9. (2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_ help I would never have got this far.AWho BWhose Cwhom Dwhich10The employment of college students，_is clearly shown in the study, has improved over the past two years.AThis Bit Cas Dwhat11.The film Jane Eyre，_ Jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title.AWhere BWhich Cwho Das12.We choose this country and want to work here.So we have to deal with any situation_we meet in the country.AWho BThat Cwhere Dif13. There was a tree in front of the house，_ owner was seen sitting under it.AWhere BWhose Cwhich Dthat14. The old lady, all of_children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.AHer BWhom Cwhose Dwhich15.I like my English teacher because he can always create an atmosphere_ all the students feel relaxed.AThat BWhen Cwhere Dwhich