考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考前自测提分卷38(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected（ ）the unconscious （ ） their psychology. No one can shield himself（ ）such an influence.问题1选项A.on. by. atB.by. for. inC.from. in. onD.through. with. from【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。infect sb. with sth. “用感染”是固定搭配；shield from“庇护使免遭”也是固定搭配；through表示感染渠道。因此D选项符合题意。2.单选题Many Fine Art graduates take ( ) professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.问题1选项A.downB.upC.outD.in【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。take down “记下”；take up“开始从事”；take out“取出”；take in“欺骗；吸收”。句意：许多美术专业毕业生把自己看作艺术家来进行职业训练，本课程鼓励他们考把自己当做社会艺术工作者，为他们提供在学院之外的短期实习机会。因此B选项符合题意。3.单选题“Gangnam Style”，the （ ）popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.问题1选项A.sanelyB.insanelyC.rationallyD.insatiably【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。sanely“稳健地，理智地”；insanely“疯狂地，精神错乱地”；rationally“理性地，讲道理地”；insatiably“贪得无厌地，无法满足地”。句意：韩国唱片艺人PSY的疯狂流行的“江南Style”在YouTube上成了观看次数最多的视频。因此B选项符合题意。4.单选题The worlds greatest snow-capped peaks, which run in a chain from the Himalayas to Tian Shan（1 ） the border of China and Kyrgyzstan, have lost no ice （2 ） the last decade, new research shows.The discovery has stunned scientists, who （3 ） that around 50bn tons of meltwater（4 ） each year and not being replaced by new snowfall.The study is the first to survey all the worlds icecaps and glaciers and was made （5 ） by the use of satellite data. Overall, the contribution of melting ice outside the two largest caps 一 Greenland and Antarctica is much （6 ） than previously estimated，with the lack of ice loss in the Himalayas and the other high peaks of Asia （7 ） most of the discrepancy.Bristol University glaciologist Prof Jonathan Bamber, who was not part of the research team, said, “The very unexpected result was the negligible mass loss from high mountain Asia, which is not（8 ） different from zero.”The melting of Himalayan glaciers caused （9 ） in 2009 when a report from the UNs intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mistakenly stated that they would disappear by 2035, instead of 2350. （10 ），the scientist who led the new work is clear that while greater uncertainty has been discovered in Asias highest mountains, the melting of ice caps and glaciers around the world （11 ） a serious concern.“Our results and those of everyone else show we are losing a huge amount of water into the oceans every year,” said Prof John Wahr of the University of Colorado. “People should be just as worried about the melting of the worlds ice as they were before.”His teams study, published in the journal Nature, concludes that between 443-629bn tons of meltwater overall are added to the worlds oceans each year. This is （12 ） sea level by about 1. 5mm a year, the team reports, （13 ） the 2mm a year caused by expansion of the warming ocean.The scientists are careful to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain rangessometimes dubbed the “third pole” are （14 ）melting. Satellite images and reports confirm this. But over the study period from 2003-10 enough ice was added to the peaks to（15 ）.问题1选项A.onB.inC.acrossD.over问题2选项A.fromB.asC.uponD.over问题3选项A.believedB.had believedC.have believedD.were believing问题4选项A.were being sheddingB.were sheddingC.were being shedD.were shed问题5选项A.impossibleB.possibleC.unavailableD.available问题6选项A.shorterB.smallerC.fewerD.less问题7选项A.in charge ofB.responsible forC.liable forD.caused by问题8选项A.significantlyB.meaningfullyC.informativelyD.expressively问题9选项A.agreementB.consensusC.controversyD.difference问题10选项A.BesidesB.FurthermoreC.DespiteD.However问题11选项A.resumesB.remainsC.keepsD.lasts问题12选项A.risingB.arisingC.raisingD.rearing问题13选项A.includingB.adding up toC.additionallyD.in addition to问题14选项A.definitelyB.necessarilyC.exactlyD.particularly问题15选项A.replaceB.refundC.compensateD.balance【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:C第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:A第15题:C【解析】（1）考查固定搭配。空格后是the border of，选项中只有on可以与其搭配，表示“在的边界”。因此A选项符合题意。（2）考查介词用法。空格后是the last decade，表示时间，与over搭配时表示“在过去的十年内”。因此D选项符合题意。（3）考查语法知识。 本句前部分提到“这一发现震惊了科学家”，说明这是与科学家以前的发现不同。相对现在的时间点，科学家以前的动作属于过去完成。因此B选项符合题意。（4）考查语法知识。根绝选项得知动词为shed（流失），空格前的meltwater与shed应为被动关系。冰雪融化成水流失是不断进行的动作，因此需要使用过去进行时的被动语态形式。选项C符合题意。（5）考查上下文语义。句意：由于使用了卫星数据，这项第一次针对全世界的冰盖和冰川的研究。联系上下文，覆盖全球范围的研究得益于卫星数据，得以顺利进行。因此B选项符合题意。be made possible表示“使称为可能，使得以发生”。（6）考查上下文语义。句意：总的来说,外融冰的贡献最大的两个冰盖一格陵兰岛和南极洲比先前估计的多。联系前文提到发现融冰量并不如科学家们以为的多，因此空格处应填表示量少的否定词。ice为不可数名词，因此D选项符合题意。（7）考查词组辨析。in charge of “负责，主管”；responsible for“为负责；是的缘由”；liable for “对有责任”；caused by“归因于”。句意：没有冰川损失的喜马拉雅山脉和亚洲其他32个高峰是造成此差异的缘故。因此B选项符合题意。（8）考查副词辨析。significantly “显著地；相当数量地”；meaningfully“有意义地”；informatively“提供消息地”；expressively“表现地；意味深长地”。前文句意：令人意想不到的结果是亚洲高山冰川的质量损失微不足道。非限定性定语从句中的notdifferent应与negligible相符合。因此A选项符合题意，表示“与零没有显著的区别”。（9）考查名词辨析。agreement“协议；同意”；consensus“一致；舆论”；controversy“争论，辩论”；difference“差异”。本句提到，2009年一份有关气候变化的报告错误地显示喜马拉雅冰川将在2035年而不是2350年消失时，引起了。由mistakenly states等字眼可知，此处应为引起了争论，而不是所有人达成一致意见。因此C选项符合题意。（10）考查逻辑关系。前文讲述亚洲高山冰川的积雪损失可以忽略不计这一好的结果，空格后提到应该关注全世界冰盖和冰川融化的现象属于转折。因此D选项符合题意。（11）考查动词辨析。resume“继续；恢复”；remain“保持某状态，依然”；keep“使保持某状态；经营”；last“持续；维持”。句意：世界各地的冰冠和冰川融化（依然）是一个严重的问题。因此B选项符合题意。（12）考查近义动词辨析。本句表示海平面上升，空格后有宾语，因此必须填及物动词。在表示“上升”时，rise和arise都是不及物动词，因此排除。rear“养育，抚养”不符合句意。因此C选项符合题意。（13）考查词语辨析。including“包含，包括”；adding up to“总计达”；additionally“此外，加之”；in addition to“除之外（还有）”。本句表示除海平面每年上升1.5毫米之外，海洋暖流范围的扩大引起海平面每年上升2毫米。空格后是名词，不能用副词additionally修饰。因此D选项符合题意。（14）考查副词辨析。definitely“清楚地，明确地”；necessarily“必要地”；exactly“恰好地”；particularly“特别地”。句意：科学家们谨慎地指出，亚洲山脉的低海拔冰川有时被称为“第三极”，正在融化。根据句意，A选项符合。（15）考查上下文语义。replace“取代”；refund“退还”；compensate“补偿”；balance“使平衡”。前文提到的是冰川消融，本句开头有一个转折词but，说明空格处应填入与冰川消融反义的词语。综合以上，“补偿损失”最合适，因此C选项符合题意。5.单选题The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now（ ）for it.问题1选项A.none the worseB.none the betterC.never worseD.never better【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。none the worse for “未受损害”，后面一般接具体事件或事物。none the better for it“不因此而好些；丝毫不受影响”是一个习惯用法。句意：这个可怜的女孩在医院里住了半年多，但她现在丝毫不受影响。因此B选项符合题意。6.单选题As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally.问题1选项A.need not have dressed upB.must not have dressed upC.did not need to dress upD.must not dress up【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。neednt have done表示本不必做某事，却做了。句意：早知道是个小型家庭聚会，我们本不必穿这么正式。因此A选项符合题意。7.单选题Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.问题1选项A.fantasizingB.fascinatingC.facilitatingD.finalizing【答案】A【解析】考查词语辨析。句中用的是spend time doing。fantasize“幻想；做白日梦”；fascinate“使着迷；使神魂颠倒”；facilitate“促进；帮助”；finalize“完成；使结束”。句意：从事写作之前，我当了八年律师，幻想着有位声名显赫的父亲能够指引我方向，想象那样的生活是什么样子的。选项A符合题意。8.单选题In the 1930s，when millions of comic books were（ ）the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical.问题1选项A.inundatingB.imitatingC.immolatingD.insulating【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。inundate“淹没；泛滥”；imitate“模仿；仿制”；immolate“献祭；牺牲”；insulate“隔离；使绝缘”。句意：在1930年代,当数以百万计的漫画书用打斗和杀戮年轻一代，似乎没有人注意到在街上汽车的暴力更疯狂一些。漫画书无处不在的暴力让年轻人深陷其中，选择“淹没”更符合句意。因此A选项符合题意。9.单选题Apple pie is（ ）neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value.问题1选项A.at itselfB.as itselfC.on itselfD.in itself【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。四个选项中只有“in itself 本质上”是固定短语，因此D选项符合题意。句意：从本质上来看，苹果派既不好也不坏;它的使用方式决定了它的价值。10.单选题The award ceremony will be the _ of the inaugural Singapore International Water Week that is held from 23 to 27 June 2008问题1选项A.twilightB.insightC.highlightD.highland【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。twilight“黄昏，薄暮”；insight“洞察力”；highlight“最精彩的部分”；highland“高地”。句意：届新加坡国际水资源周于2008年6月23日至27日举行，颁奖仪式将是开幕式上的亮点。因此C选项符合题意。