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大兴区20182019学年度第一学期期末检测高三英语试题第一部分知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节:阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。One year ago, I was in great trouble. I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practising it. But I failed to pass the mid term examination, which made me greatly disappointed. So I asked my grandpa _1_ advice when I got home. Hearing _2_ I told him, he said, “To some extent, examination results sometimes cannot reflect your study level. You cant judge your progress by one examination.” He encouraged me to work hard for a long time to check my results, and I _3_ (take) my grandpas advice. Now I realize that the process of _4_( learn ) is much more important and my English is much _5_ (good) than before. From my experience, I feel that we should listen to opinions from old people.【答案】1. for 2. what 3. took 4. learning 5. better【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者一年前英语学习效果不理想,回家征求爷爷意见,最终提高了英语成绩的事情。【1题详解】考查固定短语。句意:所以当我回到家时,我向爷爷征求意见。短语ask sb. for advice“向某人征求意见”,故填for。【2题详解】考查连接词。句意:听了我的话,他说:“在某种程度上,考试成绩有时不能反映你的学习水平。本句为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代“我的话”,故填what。【3题详解】考查动词时态。句意:他鼓励我努力学习一段时间来检查我的结果,我采纳了我爷爷的建议。根据上文He encouraged me to work hard for a long time to check my results可知应用一般过去时,故填took。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在我意识到学习的过程更重要,我的英语比以前好多了。of为介词后跟动名词做宾语,故填learning。【5题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:现在我意识到学习的过程更重要,我的英语比以前好多了。根据下文than before可知应填形容词比较级better。故填better。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点:一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分(主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分)三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意,近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第二小题,本句为宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代“我的话”,故填what。With the development of science and technology, intelligent robots will be widely used in the future. At home, robots will help _6_ (we) do some housework and take care of the elderly, babies and parents. In addition to these _7_(task), robots will even be able to play chess and do exercise with people. In factories, robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs _8_(avoid) accidents. Robots will change our future life in many ways, which will make it more colorful and comfortable. However, we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much, for they _9_ (make) to help humans rather than replace us. So robots should be used _10_(proper).【答案】6. us 7. tasks 8. to avoid 9. are made 10. properly【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了随着科学技术的发展,智能机器人将在未来得到广泛的应用。【6题详解】考查人称代词。句意:在家里,机器人将帮助我们做一些家务,照顾老人,婴儿和父母。本句中做help的宾语应用人称代词宾格形式,故填us。【7题详解】考查名词的数。句意:除了这些任务,机器人甚至可以和人类下棋和锻炼身体。task为可数名词,由these修饰,故填复数tasks。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在工厂里,机器人将被用来做一些危险的工作,以避免事故。本句中需要不定式做目的状语,故填to avoid。【9题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,我们不应该太依赖智能机器人,因为它们是用来帮助人类的,而不是代替我们的。本句中主语they指机器人与谓语动词构成被动关系,且为一般现在时,故填are made。【10题详解】考查副词。句意:所以机器人应该被正确使用。use为动词需要副词修饰,故填properly。第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,共30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Gain Is Worth the Pain I was about 9 years old. I was taking Red Cross swimming lessons at our community pool. The day had arrived when I was to be _11_ to see if I could advance from the Advanced Beginners class to the Intermediate class. Approximately fifteen of us were to take _12_to swim from one side of the pool to the other and back, doing various strokes(泳姿) and exercises along the way. I watched _13_ my classmates one by one tried and failed to pass the test. Then it was my turn to _14_, I mean, my turn to attempt to pass the test. I got about halfway across the pool when I felt the _15_ sensation you feel when chlorinated (加氯消毒的) water enters your nose. I _16_ stopped and seized the side of the pool, _17_my test. One of the instructors was standing _18_me, a messy haired college student. “Why did you stop?” he _19_, in a less than merciful voice. “I got water in my _20_,” I explained. Thats when this scruffy college student taught me one of lifes great _21_, even if he probably never _22_ he was doing that. Bending down, he shouted, “So?” “So?” The question _23_me. It had just seemed reasonable to me that the answer to _24_was to get rid of the thing causing the discomfort. My 9 year old brain had not understood the fact that a valuable goal is worth _25_ even if we have to go through discomfort to get there. Recognizing that, I wasnt sure what would keep me from completing the test. In fact, I did it rather easily on my next _26_. Seeing me pass the test, almost all of the others did so as well. Life is a journey, and the road wont always be _27_. The obstacles, the hardships, the barriers that appear along the way cant be _28_ to the goal that waits at the end. We have to focus on the final destination, not the blocks in the road. As one put it, “I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the _29_ that will be shown in us.” The plan is not to get rid of suffering in our lives, _30_ to look past it.11. A. urgedB. checkedC. testedD. placed12. A. chancesB. turnsC. effortsD. actions13. A. asB. untilC. onceD. since14. A. escapeB. observeC. trainD. fail15. A. burningB. dizzyingC. freezingD. tiring16. A. hesitantlyB. immediatelyC. frequentlyD. constantly17. A. startingB. enquiringC. endingD. continuing18. A. besideB. aboveC. behindD. against19. A. whisperedB. announcedC. smiledD. yelled20. A. eyesB. earsC. noseD. mouth21. A. lessonsB. lecturesC. coursesD. examples22. A. complainedB. admittedC. regrettedD. realized23. A. excitedB. encouragedC. comfortedD. shocked24. A. gainB. painC. successD. disappointment25. A. havingB. changingC. achievingD. setting26. A. attemptB. planC. showD. activity27. A. toughB. easyC. roughD. busy28. A. attachedB. linkedC. exposedD. compared29. A. gloryB. resultC. funD. sadness30. A. andB. orC. butD. even【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者九岁时在游泳考试途中因为被水进入鼻子,感到灼烧感而停止了考试,却被老师因为这个原因训斥了。作者意识到,在自己看来,对付疼痛的办法就是摆脱引起不适的东西,这是合情合理的。而实际上一个有价值的目标是值得去实现的,即使我们必须经历痛苦才能实现它。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:考试的日子到了,我要看看自己是否能从初级进阶班升到中级班。A. urged催促;B. checked检查;C. tested测试;D. placed放置。根据下文if I could advance from the Advanced Beginners class to the Intermediate class.可知是考试的日子到了。故选C。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们大约有15个人轮流从游泳池的一边游到另一边,再游回来,一路上做各种各样的划水和练习。A. chances机会;B. turns转弯;依次;C. efforts努力;D. actions行动。根据下文swim from one side of the pool to the other and back, doing various strokes and exercises along the way.可知15个人轮流从游泳池的一边游到另一边,再游回来,一路上做各种各样的泳姿和练习。短语take turns“轮流”。故选B。【13题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意:我看着我的同学一个接一个地试着通过考试,但都失败了。A. as当时候;B. until直到;C. once一旦;D. since自从。根据下文my classmates one by one tried and failed to pass the test可知当作者的同学一个接一个地试着通过考试,但都失败了的时候,作者在一边看着。故选A。【14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后轮到我失败了,我是说,轮到我尝试通过考试了。A. escape逃跑;B. observe观察;C. train培养;D. fail失败。根据上文可知作者的同学都失败了,轮到作者时作者也以为会轮到自己失败。故选D。【15题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当我游到一半的时候,我感觉到了一种灼烧的感觉,就像加氯消毒的水进入你的鼻子一样。A. burning燃烧的;B. dizzying令人眼花缭乱的;C. freezing极冷的;D. tiring累人的。根据下文sensation you feel when chlorinated water enters your nose可知氯化的水进入你的鼻子一样是一种灼烧感。故选A。【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我立刻停下来,抓住泳池边,结束了我的测试。A. hesitantly犹豫地;B. immediately立即;C. frequently频繁地;D. constantly持续地。根据上文可知作者被水呛到,因此是立即停了下来。故选B。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我立刻停下来,抓住泳池边,结束了我的测试。A. starting开始;B. enquiring询问;C. ending结束;D. continuing继续。根据上文stopped and seized the side of the pool可知作者停止了游泳,结束了测试。故选C。【18题详解】考查介词辨析。句意:其中一个老师站在我的上方,他是一个头发蓬乱的大学生。A. beside在旁边;B. above超过;上方;C. behind在后面;D. against反对。根据上文seized the side of the pool可知作者在泳池里,因此老师在岸上,在作者上方。故选B。【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“你为什么停下来?”他吼道,声音一点也不仁慈。A. whispered窃窃私语;B. announced宣布;C. smiled微笑;D. yelled叫喊。根据下文in a less than merciful voice可知老师是冲作者喊。故选D。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:“我的鼻子进水了”我解释道。A. eyes眼睛;B. ears耳朵;C. nose鼻子;D. mouth嘴巴。根据上文you feel when chlorinated water enters your nose.可知是鼻子进水了。故选C。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:就在那时,这个邋遢的大学生给我上了人生中最重要的一课,尽管他可能从未意识到自己在这么做。A. lessons课程;经验;B. lectures演讲;C. courses课程;D. examples例子。结合下文we have to go through discomfort to get there作者意识到有时我们必须经历一些不适才能实现目标,可知大学生是给了作者的人生一次最重要的经验教训。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:就在那时,这个邋遢大学生给我上了人生中最重要的一课,尽管他可能从未意识到自己在这么做。A. complained抱怨;B. admitted承认;C. regretted遗憾;D. realized意识到。根据上文,可知大学生只是对于作者因为呛水放弃比赛感到不理解而反问作者,其本意并不是为了给作者上一课,因此是他自己也从未意识到自己在这么做。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“所以呢?”这个问题让我震惊。A. excited使激动;B. encouraged鼓励;C. comforted安慰;D. shocked使震惊。根据下文可知老师的话跟作者原先所认知的对付痛苦的方法完全不一样,因此老师的话让作者震惊。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在我看来,对付疼痛的办法就是摆脱引起不适的东西,这是合情合理的。A. gain获得;B. pain痛苦;C. success成功;D. disappointment失望。结合上文作者被水呛到鼻子因此停止了游泳,这是对付痛苦的方法。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我9岁的大脑还没有意识到,一个有价值的目标是值得去实现的,即使我们必须经历痛苦才能实现它。A. having拥有;B. changing改变;C. achieving实现;D. setting设置。根据上文a valuable goal is worth可知是实现目标。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:事实上,我在下一次尝试时做得相当容易。A. attempt尝试;B. plan计划;C. show展示;D. activity活动。根据上文my next可知是下一次尝试。故选A【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:人生是一场旅行,旅途并不总是一帆风顺。A. tough艰难的;B. easy容易的;C. rough粗糙的;D. busy忙碌的。根据下文The obstacles, the hardships, the barriers可知人生遇到很多困难,因此是不容易的。故选B【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一路上出现的障碍、困难和障碍是无法与最后等待的目标相比的。A. attached附上;B. linked连接;C. exposed暴露;D. compared比较。根据下文We have to focus on the final destination, not the blocks in the road.可知一路上出现的障碍、困难和障碍是无法与最后等待的目标相比的。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:有人说,我看我们现在的苦楚,若与将来将要显示在我们身上的荣耀相比,就不足介意了。A. glory荣誉;B. result结果;C. fun乐趣;D. sadness悲伤。根据上文goal that waits at the end.可知一路上出现的障碍、困难和障碍是无法与最后等待的目标相比,故选择的苦楚与将来的荣耀相比也不足介意。故选A。【30题详解】考查连词辨析。句意:我们的计划不是要摆脱生活中的痛苦,而是要忘记它。A. and并且;B. or或者;C. but而是;但是;D. even甚至。短语notbut“不是而是”。故选C。第二部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,共40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAttitude Is Everything Jerry was the kind of guy who was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say. One day I asked him, “I dont get it! You cant be a positive person all of the time. How do you do it?” Jerry replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself, Jerry, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a bad mood or in a good mood. I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim or to learn from it. I choose to learn from it.” Soon thereafter, I left the city and we lost touch. Several years later, I heard Jerry did something surprising: he left the back door open one morning and was held up at gunpoint by three armed robbers. While trying to open the safe, his hand, shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combination. The robbers panicked and shot him. Luckily, Jerry survived. After 18 hours of surgery and weeks of care, Jerry was released from the hospital with pieces of the bullets(子弹) still in his body. I saw Jerry six months after the accident. I asked him what had gone through his mind as the robbery took place. “The first thing through my mind was that I should have locked the back door,” Jerry replied. “Then, as I lay on the floor, I remembered that I had two choices: I could choose to live or to die. I chose to live. ”“Werent you scared?” I asked. Jerry continued, “The paramedics(护理人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But in the emergency room, the facial expressions of the doctors and nurses really scared me. In their eye, I read, Hes a dead man. I knew I need to take actions.” “What did you do?” I asked. “Well, a nurse asked me if I was allergic to anything,” said Jerry.“The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my reply. I took a deep breath and yelled, Yes! Bullets! Over their laughter, I told them, Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.”31. When facing the robbery, Jerry .A. was calm and braveB. wasnt scared though he slipped off the combinationC. was scared in such a dangerous situationD. exercised self control in time of danger32. Jerrys joke in the emergency room .A. encouraged the doctors and nurses to bring him back to lifeB. told the doctors to take him as dead during the operationC. convinced the doctors he was not afraid of the operationD. made the doctors and nurses feel light hearted33. We can conclude from the passage that .A. we mustnt lose self control in time of dangerB. amazing attitudes cant help us cope with difficult situationsC. negative thoughts of an unpleasant situation may result in helplessnessD. taking positive attitudes is the key to living fully【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了乐观积极的Jerry被闯入家里的三个持枪抢劫犯打伤,生命垂危,在急救室里面对表情凝重的医生和护士,Jerry用一个笑话缓解了紧张的情绪,鼓舞了大家也使自己起死回生。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中While trying to open the safe, his hand, shaking from nervousness, slipped off the combination.(当他试图打开保险柜时,由于紧张而颤抖的手从密码上滑了下来。)可推知面对抢劫,Jerry在如此危险的情况下感到害怕。故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But in the emergency room, the facial expressions of the doctors and nurses really scared me.(他们一直告诉我我会好起来的。但是在急救室里,医生和护士的面部表情真的吓坏了我。)以及I took a deep breath and yelled, Yes! Bullets! Over their laughter, I told them, Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.”(我深吸了一口气,喊道:“是的!子弹!他们笑得前仰后合,我对他们说:把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。”)可知Jerry在急救室的笑话鼓舞了医生和护士,使他起死回生。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Attitude Is Everything. Jerry was the kind of guy who was always in a good mood and always had something positive to say.(态度决定一切。Jerry是那种总是心情愉快,总是说些积极上进的话的人。)以及文章主要内容可知采取积极的态度是活得充实的关键。故选D。BUnderwater Museums Many underwater museums are supported by companies that offer guided tours. A trained guide leads groups around a striking underwater display of statues in each museum. Depending on the depth of the museum, visitors may be able to view the sculptures from the glass bottomed boat or by swimming on the surface. Other underwater museums are deeper and are most accessible to scuba divers. Underwater museums have many functions. One of their main purposes is to create an artificial reef environment where sea creatures can live. Thats why some of the museums are located in areas that were damaged by hurricanes or are considered underwater “deserts”. The statues in the museum are designed in a way that encourages the growth of coral and plant life. Over time, the statues and plants attract more and more fish to the area.Florida, U.S.AFlorida is home to different types of underwater museums. The states newest underwater museum, the Underwater Museum of Art, can be found off the coast of Grayton Beach. This part of the Gulf of Mexico is an underwater desert, so creators hope that the exhibit will improve the marine ecosystem.Cancun, MexicoFor years, Cancun has been a popular tourist destination. And one of the major draws is the water. The Museo Subacuatico de Arte is an ideal place for snorkelers and first time divers. There they can enjoy more than 500 statues that help to make up an artificial reef. This museum was created to give visitors an alternative attraction to the areas natural reef, which has been damaged.Canary Islands, SpainMuseo Atlantio, off the coast of Lanzarote, has an impressive display of more than 300 statues. They were created by Jason Decaires Taylor, a British sculptor, who has contributed to the creation of several underwater museums including the ones near Cancun and the Canary Islands. The Cancun statues focus on mans interaction with the marine world.If youre looking for a different museum experience, check out one thats underwater.34. In underwater museums, visitors can see the following things except.A. statuesB. desertsC. reefsD. sculptures35. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Underwater museums can not be visited through guided tours.B. Underwater museums are all located in areas damaged by hurricaneC. Underwater museums can be viewed all over the world.D. Underwater museums can help improve underwater environments.36. We can learn from the passage that.A. over 300 statues can be seen in the Underwater Museum of ArtB. natural reef hasnt been damaged in CancunC. the statues of Cancun and the Canary Islands are made by the same sculptorD. plant life cant grow in underwater museums37. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A personal diary.B. A tourist guidebook.C. An official report.D. A hotel brochure.【答案】34. B 35. D 36. C 37. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水下博物馆的功能以及一些世界上水下博物馆的情况。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Underwater museums have many functions. One of their main purposes is to create an artificial reef environment where sea creatures can live. Thats why some of the museums are located in areas that were damaged by hurricanes or are considered underwater “deserts”. The statues in the museum are designed in a way that encourages the growth of coral and plant life. Over time, the statues and plants attract more and more fish to the area.(水下博物馆有很多功能。他们的主要目的之一是创造一个人工礁石环境,海洋生物可以生存。这就是为什么有些博物馆位于被飓风破坏的地区,或者被认为是水下的“沙漠”。博物馆里的雕像在设计上鼓励了珊瑚和植物的生长。随着时间的推移,雕像和植物吸引了越来越多的鱼到这个地区。)可知游客在水下博物馆可以看到礁石和雕像,但是没有提到可以看到真正的沙漠。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句This part of the Gulf of Mexico is an underwater desert, so creators hope that the exhibit will improve the marine ecosystem.(墨西哥湾的这部分是水下沙漠,所以创作者希望这次展览能改善海洋生态系统。)可知水下博物馆可以帮助改善水下环境。故选D。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中They were created by Jason Decaires Taylor, a British sculptor, who has contributed to the creation of several underwater museums including the ones near Cancun and the Canary Islands.(它们是由英国雕塑家Jason Decaires Taylor创作的,他为建造几座水下博物馆做出了贡献,其中包括坎昆和加那利群岛附近的博物馆。)可知坎昆和加那利群岛的雕像是由同一位雕刻家雕刻的。故选C。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Many underwater museums are supported by companies that offer guided tours. A trained guide leads groups around a striking underwater display of statues in each museum. Depending on the depth of the museum, visitors may be able to view the sculptures from the glass bottomed boat or by swimming on the surface.(许多水下博物馆是由提供导游的公司资助的。在每个博物馆里,一名训练有素的导游带领着一群人参观引人注目的水下雕塑展览。根据博物馆的深度,游客可以从玻璃底船或在水面上游泳来观赏雕塑。)可推知文章可能来自一本旅游指南。故选B。CCharles Wang has been to e mail hell, and returned to tell the tale. His journey there began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International, a software company, he first heard how quickly his employees welcomed their new electronic mail system. They were sending messages to one another like crazy. “I said, Lets check into how people are using it.” But instead of a pleasant e mail culture, what had developed was a behavioral nightmare. “It was a disaster,” he says. “My managers were getting 200 to 300 e mails a day each. People were so fond of it that they werent talking to each other. They were hibernating, e mailing people in the next room. They were abusing it.” In just a few years, Wangs high-tech communications system had gone crazy.To stop that, Wang short circuited the system, taking the astonishing stepconsidering what his $3.9 billion company does for a livingof banning all e mails from 9:30 a.m. to 12 noon and from 1:30 p.m. to 4 p.m. These hours are now observed as a sort of electronic quiet time. Says Wang: “It worked wonderfully. People are walking the corridors again talking to other people. ”Almost everyone agrees that e mail is a wonderful invention. It is a convenient, informal medium for conveying messages that well meets human needs. E mail is perhaps the ideal means by which one can run a global project. “It is one of the greatest innovations of the last 20 years,” says Paul Argenti, a professor of management communications at Dartmouths Tuck School. But Argenti and others also say it is a medium whose function is confusing, in parts because the process is so easy and informal that people treat it as they do conversation but informal as it may be, e mail is writing and constitutes a permanent record, and because so much of human conversation is nonverbal, e mail messages, especially critical or complex ones, can easily be misunderstood.38. From the first paragraph,we can infer that Ch
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