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第3讲 说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示，并往往融合应用文体进行考查，一般分为场所路线介绍、事物介绍、方式方法或计划安排介绍三大类。时态通常用一般现在时。写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段：主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的。第二段：说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤。第三段：进行总结概括。1说明方位、路线常用语(1). is located at the foot of/by the side of/to the east of/to the north of . (2)In front of it is ., with . on its left and . on its right.(3)Turning to the left, you will see ., behind which is . (4)Walking past ., you will see the building that appears in front of you is . (5)Along the road are lines of trees, casting dense shade on the sidewalk.(6)A walk around . is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes.(7)On your left lies a(n) ., with all kinds of . in it.(8)Next to the door against the wall there is a(n) ., in which we sit to watch TV every evening.2说明事物的特点或优势常用语(1). is a new kind of . produced by ., which is . (2)Made of ., it is light, small, and easy to carry.(3)Containing much top and new technique, . is famous for its excellent quality and reasonable price.(4)It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold and has mild weather.(5)Built in the 16th century, the castle has witnessed whats coming and going in history.3说明文格式模板From the chart, we can learn that _ (图表/图画内容), which reveals/reflects _ (稍作评价)There are at least two good reasons accounting for _ (事件). For one thing, _ (从社会角度说明/论证). For another thing, _ (从个人角度说明/论证). For example, _ (以自己、朋友等为例加以说明). Last but not least, _ (从反面角度说明/论述)As a result, the worrying situation is urging us to _ (建议或措施). Only in this way can we _ (展望结果). In conclusion/In brief, _ (再次说明观点). We should _ (进一步说明)下面的柱状图(bar chart)显示了你校上周针对“用电脑、手机和纸媒学习”的调查结果。请你用英语给21st Century报社写一篇短文，报道你校的调查结果，并对此结果发表你的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Editor， We made a survey in our school last week and Id like to tell you something about the results. 审题谋篇通思路本题是关于“用电脑、手机和纸媒学习”的调查结果的写作，可分为三段：第一段：说明本文的目的呈现上周调查的结果。第二段：分析图表中数据的含义使用各种学习方式与手段所占的比例。第三段：得出结论纸媒学习还是占主流。修订提升争高分Dear_Editor，We_made_a_survey_in_our_school_last_week_and_Id_like_to_tell_you_something_about_the_results.As is shown in the bar chart, students using paperbased materials to study occupies 47%, followed by the percentage of 38% students, who get used to (用高级词汇替换：1.get_accustomed_to) using all the three means of study. 11% of the students surveyed prefer to use computers. Students who think smartphones can be beneficial to their study account for the rest of 4%.It is apparent that the traditional way of study that students read books and take notes with a pen is still the choice for most students. (用apparently改写：2.Apparently,_the_traditional_way_of_study_that_students_read_books_and_take_notes_with_a_pen_is_still_the_choice_for_most_students.) Computers or phones usage is supposed to do harm to eyesight and it is the reason why a small number of students choose. (用which引导的定语从句改写：3.Computers_or_phones_usage_is_supposed_to_do_harm_to_eyesight,_which_is_the_reason_why_a_small_number_of_students_choose.) As far as I am concerned, if used properly, all these means of study can benefit us.过关检测(限时：25分钟/篇)(一)请观察所给的图画，并根据你对该图画的理解写一篇英语短文，内容包括：1简要描述图画，并说明该图画所揭露的现象；2分析该现象的利弊(至少各一点)；3提出自己的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2开头已经给出，不计入总词数；3文章中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。As is vividly shown in the picture, a boy is happy with the fact that 精彩范文As_is_vividly_shown_in_the_picture,_a_boy_is_happy_with_the_fact_that he can depend on the Internet to finish tasks without any difficulty. Nowadays, students can get easy access to much information they need on the Internet.On the one hand, students find it convenient to surf the Internet for useful information, where problems can be solved with the help of several clicks. On the other hand, turning to the Internet too much may cause students to use their heads less. As a result, its likely that students will not develop their potential to the full, which is not beneficial to their overall development.In my opinion, it is vital that students should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages. They should know clearly when or under what circumstance they turn to the Internet. Most importantly, they should learn to be creative.(二)请根据下面的示意图及其说明写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍No.1 Middle School。说明：1.篮球场(basketball court)餐厅学生宿舍教师宿舍花坛(flower bed)；2.所有大楼四周都种有树木和花草；3.学校占地约8.7公顷。 精彩范文No.1 Middle School, located in the west of the city on the bank of Chengxi River, covers an area of about 8.7 hectares. When you enter the school, you can see a big flower bed in front of you, and two large buildingsthe library on your right and the teaching building on your left. Walking on further, you will find the gym, the most beautiful building on campus, in front of which there is another round flower bed. Behind it, there lie four basketball courts. Next to the courts is the sports ground. Along its east side stand three buildingsthe dining hall and two dormitories for the students and teachers respectively. All the buildings are surrounded by trees and flowers. It is really a beautiful school.强化特训11书面表达(五)(限时：25分钟/篇)1 现在，越来越多的年轻人喜欢在网上点餐或打电话叫外卖，不愿意自己做饭，就这一现象结合下面的提示，写一篇短文。 1.陈述现象； 2.说明此现象的原因(至少两点)； 3.你个人的看法和选择。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.行文连贯，语篇完整； 3.文中不得透露个人真实信息。参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆takeout restaurant 精彩范文Nowadays, a growing number of young people would rather order food on the Internet or call a takeout restaurant for meals than cook at home. Its not surprising for them to do so. For one thing, with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster, time is quite precious. In their eyes, it is unnecessary to take time to cook. For another thing, home cooking food is simpler in kind and less delicious, especially for those who are particular about food.In my view, our health is closely related to what we eat. The busier we are, the more attention we should pay to food. Therefore, I prefer to cook food at home and go on a balanced diet.2假定你是李华，是晨光中学的高三学生。在距离高考100天的心理课上，老师给出四种物件，让你选出自己最想保留的一件东西，和最不想要的一件东西。请写出活动中你的选择并陈述理由，每件东西至少两个理由，并说明活动意义。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：物件 itemFacing the four items put forward by my psychology teacher, I, a Senior Three student, 精彩范文Facing_the_four_items_put_forward_by_my_psychology_teacher,_I,_a_Senior_Three_student,_would like to keep the textbooks and abandon the cellphone. The reasons can be listed as follows.With 100 days to go, I know, compared with other things, study must come first. I will make full use of my textbooks to improve myself to get closer to my dream every day. Whats more, textbooks are the best things for me to get equipped with basic knowledge. As for the cellphone, it is the last thing to keep, for it is the biggest distraction for me. I realize being lost in a cellphone is a waste of time. Also, we, as a rule, are forbidden to use cellphones in class.I love this activity, which makes me realize what I should focus on and what I should drop now.3假设你是某校学生，寒假期间，你就老百姓关心的“民生”问题进行了一次问卷调查，下面是这次问卷调查的结果。请根据表格内容写一个调查报告，并着重选择两个方面的内容，分析人们满意或不满意的主要原因。原因部分要求自己设想。注意：1.词数100左右；2文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：保险 insurance; 民生 peoples livelihoodDuring the winter holiday, I conducted a survey on the peoples livelihood in my hometown. 精彩范文During_the_winter_holiday,_I_conducted_a_survey_on_the_peoples_livelihood_in_my_hometown. As is apparently shown in the chart above, 80% of the people surveyed express the satisfaction with the medical insurance and public transportation, while only 40% of them are satisfied with the prices. Employment gets the lowest satisfaction rateonly 30%, which is caused by the global financial crisis. People complain that food prices have gone up too rapidly. And so expensive are houses in the city that families with low incomes cant afford to buy one. As far as education is concerned, much progress has been made. Most people approve of it, because most pupils neednt pay for the education fee. Some students are even supplied with free lunch at school.In a word, the government has been making great efforts to improve the peoples livelihood, but much work remains to be done.- 8 -
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