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专题04 形容词和副词【2019年高考考纲解读】往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。【重点知识梳理】一、形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词在句中的作用。(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。(2)形容词在句中也可作状语，用来表示主语所处的状态。He was lying in bed，dead.(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如：He is an ill man.(错)The man is ill.(对)She is an afraid girl.(错)The girl is afraid.(对)(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等复合形容词中的名词要用单数，一般只用作前置定语。如：Tom is a twoyearold boy.2副词在句中的作用。副词在句中一般用作状语，修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，也可修饰整个句子。如：Obviously you are wrong.二、常用连接性副词的用法1though用作副词时，常在句末，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折意义。2therefore“因此，所以”，表示结果。3meanwhile“与此同时，在此期间”，表示前后分句的动作同时发生。4moreover“另外”，表示承接关系。5however“然而”，表示让步、转折，常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。6besides“另外；还有”，表示递进关系。7instead“相反”，表示前后分句意义相反。三、形容词、副词的比较级及最高级1平级比较(1)as形容词/副词原级as像一样(2)asadj.a/an名词as像一样的(3)as mucha/an名词as和一样是(4)not as/so形容词/副词原级as.不如那样Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2比较级(1)the比较级.，the比较级.越，越The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，你犯的错误越少。(2)the比较级of the two名词，表示“两个中较的”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.这两个男孩中较高的是我哥哥。3比较级的修饰词常见的修饰词有much，a lot，a great deal，far，even，a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑问句中)，具体的数据等。He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级；最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如：The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.4几种带有否定词的比较句型(1)no better than表示“和一样；实际等于”。例如：The patient is no better than he was yesterday.病人的情况和昨天一样(不好)。 2(2016新课标，41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of _(great)and less importance.3(2016新课标，47)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks _(regular)【解析】regularly句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。4(2016新课标，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _(gradual)turned into chopsticks.【解析】gradually句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。5(2016四川，62)Chinese scientists _(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.【解析】recently句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。6(2016四川，63)She was a very _(care)mother.【解析】caring/careful句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。7(2016浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，hes _(rely)【解析】reliable句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。8(2016浙江，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend _(many)in the coming years.9(2015新课标，62)A few hours _，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with its choking smog.【解析】before/earlier句意：几小时之前，我待在香港的家，那里有令人窒息的雾。结合语境用before或earlier表示“在之前”。10(2015新课标，69)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it_(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【解析】regularly句意：说它经常为住在上海和香港的人安排快速通道。此处需要一个副词修饰动词arranges。11(2015新课标，45)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.【解析】slowly句意：土坯的墙壁在热天能够吸收来自太阳的热量，并在寒冷的夜晚慢慢释放出那些热量，从而温暖房间。修饰动词短语give out要用副词。12(2015福建，23)It was _(considerately)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.【解析】considerate句意：以防我们担心，迈克通知我们他耽搁了，他考虑得真周全。此处需要一个形容词作表语，形容人的特性。13(2015安徽，31)They gave money to the old peoples home either _(personal)or through their companies.【解析】personally句意：他们通过个人或以公司的名义把钱送到老年之家。根据句意可知，这里需要一个副词修饰动词gave。14(2015四川，9)Little Tom sat _(amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.【解析】amazed句意：小汤姆惊讶地坐在那儿观看猴子在他面前跳舞。此处用amazed说明主语的状态。15(2015重庆，10)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68_ the average.【解析】above句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球的温度比平均温度高出了0.68度。根据上文的the warmest可知，应为above。above the average“超出平均数”。4
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