2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题41（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First, lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the Fixed-line phone,is that a mobile number corresponds to a person,while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixedline phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago,a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are”.Texting changes people as well. In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters”those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high,in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker” :these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. Perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1.When people plan to meet nowadays, they （ ）.2.According to the two British researcher, social and psychological effects are mostly likely to be seen on （ ）.3.We can infer from this passage that the texts are （ ） .4.According to this passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5.An appropriate title for the passage might be, （ ） .问题1选项A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till the last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.talkersB.the “speakeasy”C.the “spacemaker”D.texters问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others问题4选项A.TalkersB.The “speakeasy”C.The “spacemaker”D.Texters问题5选项A.the SMS EffectB.cultural Implications of Mobile Phone UseC.changes in the Use of the MobileD.body Language and the mobile Phone【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第三段的最后一句“Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer see you there at 8, but text me around 8 and well see where we all are.”现在，人们可以在奔走忙碌中，安排一次晚上约会，只需一个大概的时间，到时候找个地方见，以至于见面地点可以拖到最后一分钟才能确定。选项B符合原文。2.根据第四段的第二句“In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging.”在他们的论文中，研究了短信的社会作用和心理作用。发短信和talk,speak无关，所以产生影响的只能是发短信的人，选项D正确。3.根据第五段的第一句“They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality.”他们发现，手机的个性和隐私赋予了发短信的人表达一种全新的外在个性的能力。也就是说能够揭露发短信者的内心世界，展现出另一个不一样的自己。所以选项A正确。4.根据第六段的最后一句“And there is the spacemaker：these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.选项C正确。5.通读全文可知本文主要是阐述手机使用过程中所产生的文化内涵。选项B更符合原文。2. 单选题Jims score on the test is the highest; he （ ） hard.问题1选项A.should have studiedB.could have studiedC.must have studiedD.could study【答案】C【解析】句意：吉姆的考试分数最高, 他一定很用功。表示肯定的推测用must。3. 单选题World Trade Organization Director-general Renato Ruggiers predicted that the WTO would boost global incomes by 51 trillion in the next ten years. The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom makers. Many governments are making telecom deregulation a priority and making it easier for outsiders to enter the telecommunication business.The pace varies widely. The U.S. and Britain are well ahead of the pack, while Thailand wont fully open until 2006. only 20% of the 5601 billion world market is currently open to competition. That should jump to about 75% in a couple of years-largely due to the Telecom Act in the U.S. last year that deregulated local markets, the opening up of the European Unions markets from Jan. 1, 1998 and the deregulation in Japan. The WTO deal now provides a forum for the inevitable disputes along the way. It is also symbolic: the first major trade agreement of the post-industrial age. Instead of being obsessed with textile quotas, the WTO pact is proof that governments are realizing that in an information age, telecom is the oil and steel of economies in the future. Businesses around the world are already spending more in total on telecom services than they do on oil.Consumers, meanwhile, can look forward to a future of lower pricesby some estimates, international calling rates should drop 80% over several years-and better service. Thanks in part to the vastly increased call volume carded by the fiber-optic cables that span the globe today, calling half a world away already costs little more than telephoning next door. The monopolies can no longer srt high prices for international calls in many countries. In the U.s., the worldd most fiercely competitive long distance market, frequent callers since last year have been paying about 12 cents a minute to call Britain, a price not much more than domestic rates.The new competitive environment on the horizon means more opportunities for companies from the U.S. and U. K. in particular because they have plenty of practice at the rough-and-tumble of free markets. The U.S. lobbied hard for the WTO deal, confident that its firms would be big beneficiaries of more open markets. Britain has been deregulated since 1984 but will see even more competition than before; in December, the government issued 45 new international licenses to join Britain Telecom so that it will become a strong competitor in the international market. However, the once-cosseted industry will get rougher worldwide. Returns on capital will come down. Risks will go up. That is how free markets work. It will look like any business.1.Which of the following statements can best describe the main theme of the passage?2.What does well ahead of the pack mean in respect of the U.S. and Britain?3.We can reasonably conclude from the passage that （ ）.4.In last paragraph, the word lobby probably means “ （ ） ”.5.The tone of this passage can be described as （ ） .问题1选项A.There is a great potential in the world telecom market.B.The WTO pact has boosted a rapid development of telecom all over the world.C.The WTO pact has opened up bigger telecom markets to competition.D.Governments have realized the importance of telecommunication.问题2选项A.Their telecom technology is much more advanced.B.Their telecom markets are much more open.C.They have more money invested in foreign telecom business.D.They have more competition in the telecom markets.问题3选项A.the world telecom market has been fully explored since the signing of the WTO pactB.telecom companies of the U.S. and U. K. will undoubtedly dominate the world telecom marketC.many governments have granted a great investment in their telecom businessD.the WTO pact means tougher competition for telecom companies and gentler price for callers问题4选项A.persuadeB.approveC.separateD.imitate问题5选项A.informative and neutralB.serious and cautionsC.enthusiastic and optimisticD.analytical and worried【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“The pact paves the way for more foreign investment and competition in telecom makers.”该协议为更多外国投资和电信业竞争铺平了道路。选项C符合原文。2.根据第二段的二三句“The U.S. and Britain are well ahead of the pack, while Thailand wont fully open until 2006. only 20% of the 5601 billion world market is currently open to competition. ”美国和英国遥遥领先意味着他们的电信市场更加开放。选项B正确。3.根据第二段的第三句“only 20% of the 5601 billion world market is currently open to competition.”说明电信市场还没有完全开放, 所以选项A错误；选项B的说法太绝对, 也不正确；选项C政府投资在文中没有提及。根据倒数第二段的内容可知选项D正确。4.根据原句“The U.S. lobbied hard for the WTO deal, confident that its firms would be big beneficiaries of more open markets.”美国相信他们的企业将成为更多开放市场中的最大受益者。所以美国一直在为WTO达成协议说好话, 试图说服WTO尽快达成协议, 所以选项A符合原文。5.作者在原文中没有表现出自己的观点, 只是描述详细的信息, 所以选项A正确。4. 单选题She took him （ ） and led him across the road.问题1选项A.by his handB.by the handC.with handD.with the hand【答案】B【解析】take sb. by the hand为习惯搭配, 意为牵着某人的手。5. 单选题a large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is_ conditions or events.问题1选项A.in response toB.in favor ofC.in contrast toD.in excess of【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。in response to响应，回答；in favor of有利于，支持，赞同；in contrast to与形成对照；in excess of超过。句意：人类活动的很大一部分，特别是与环境有关的活动，是对条件或事件的反应。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题I guess Jones didnt have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his （ ） .问题1选项A.candidateB.opponentC.alternativeD.participant【答案】B【解析】candidate候选人, 候补者；opponent对手；alternative替代者；participant参与者。句意：我认为Jones没有机会赢得选举。城里几乎所有的人都把票投给他的对手了。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题To be frank,Id sooner you （ ） a good review yesterday for the coming test.问题1选项A.hadnt doneB.didnt doC.couldnt have doneD.wouldnt do【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。would sooner表示宁愿，句子应用虚拟语气。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，所以应该用过去完成时。选项A正确。8. 单选题By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have（ ） opportunity to change his mind.问题1选项A.accurateB.urgentC.excessiveD.adequate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate精确的；urgent紧急的；excessive过分的；adequate充分的。句意：根据法律, 当一个人拥有充足的购买力, 他应具有充分的机会去改变他的注意。选项D更符合句意。9. 翻译题A recent phenomenon in the choice of careers on the part of the college graduates is the increasing trend towards big companies. Few are interested in research fields. This is an unavoidable problem in a materialistic society, where tempting salaries and fringe benefits are offered by big companies to compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. On the other hand, as many big enterprises and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate economic results and show comparatively little interest in long range research, there is a steady shift of scientists and researchers from the pure research to the applied field, where there are more jobs available with better salaries. All this has not only seriously influenced young peoples view on the choice of careers, but on education as well. Many college teachers deplore that fewer and fewer students these days acquire knowledge.【答案】最近在高校毕业生择业问题上出现了一种倾向, 这就是毕业生越来越青睐大公司, 很少有人愿意到研究单位。 在物欲横流的社会里, 这是一个不可避免的问题。学生还没有走出校门, 大公司便在竞相聘用他们, 向他们提供诱人的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面, 由于许多大企业, 甚至包括一些政府部门往往看重直接经济效益, 而相对来说对长期的理论研究不感兴趣, 所以科研人员不断从纯理论研究领域流向实用工业。 因为在那里工作要比研究领域里好找, 工资往往也高。这些情况不仅严重影响青年人的择业观, 而且还影响了教育。许多教师哀叹, 现在单纯为了学知识而学习的学生越来越少了。10. 单选题You probably know that its better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that7 s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmers market).The explosion in （1 ） produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely （2 ） development in the food industry. However, （3 ） still exists about exactly what the organic （4 ） means.Do you know the difference between a cereal thats “organic, 100% organic” ,and “made with organic （5 ） ? The USDA has clearly defined standards that （6 ） which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them www.usda.gov.Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out （7 ） another new development in the food world: genetically （8 ） organisms ( GMOs) . No one knows for certain the short and （9 ） effects of these products of gene engineering, （10 ） theres a chance they could lead to the （11 ） creation of “superweeds” or （12 ） with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www.saynotogmos.org. （13 ） youre shopping, dont forget to consider the companies behind the （14 ） names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion, （15 ） the other manufactures its corn flakes via （16 ） environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use （17 ） such as . They present both the good and bad sides of every company they （18 ） ,and they grade hundreds of companies on social,ethical and environmental issues. Remember: （19 ） conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your （20 ） cart.问题1选项A.greenB.organicC.healthyD.optional问题2选项A.positiveB.negativeC.activeD.passive问题3选项A.controversyB.contributionC.conversionD.confusion问题4选项A.labelB.markC.wordD.food问题5选项A.componentsB.genesC.ingredientsD.compositions问题6选项A.determineB.illustrateC.recommendD.demonstrate问题7选项A.inB.toC.forD.on问题8选项A.movedB.modifiedC.modeledD.motivated问题9选项A.long-runB.long-termC.long-dayD.long-distance问题10选项A.whileB.andC.butD.or问题11选项A.unconditionalB.unexceptionalC.unintentionalD.uncontroversial问题12选项A.interfereB.interveneC.interactD.intrude问题13选项A.AnytimeB.Any timeC.SometimeD.Some time问题14选项A.brandB.codeC.productD.family问题15选项A.whenB.whileC.asD.because问题16选项A.constructiveB.destructiveC.instructiveD.obstructive问题17选项A.sightsB.addressesC.sitesD.webs问题18选项A.profitB.profileC.proposeD.protect问题19选项A.sociallyB.conditionallyC.morallyD.environmentally问题20选项A.nurseryB.groceryC.bakeryD.stationery【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:A第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:B【解析】（1）句意：在过去的几年里， 产品和其他食品急剧增长。根据下文多次organic可知选项B符合原文。（2）根据原文可知，有机物产品和其他食品上的急剧增长对食品业的发展产生的是积极的影响。选项A正确。（3）controversy论争，论战，辩论；contribution贡献；conversion对话；confusion混淆。上一句提到积极影响，立马转折，说明这里指存在着争议。选项A符合句意。（4）label标签；mark标志。将organic描述为标签更恰当，指对这一类产品的分类。（5）components零件，构成要素；genes基因；ingredients成分，因素；compositions写作，作曲。根据原文可知，这里指有机产品的成分。（6）determine确定，决定；illustrate举例说明，阐明；recommend推荐，劝告；demonstrate证实，证明。句意：美国农业部已经制定了明确的标准，确定哪些标签可以合法地贴在葡萄和麦片上。选项A符合句意。（7）句意：有机食品是很不错，但是评审委员对食品行业的另外一种创新产品依旧知之甚少。这里的on指对于，关于。选项D正确。（8）genetically modified organisms(GMOs)是固定搭配，意为转基因生物。（9）long-run长远的；long-term长期的；long-day搭配错误；long-distance长距离的。句意：没有人确切知道这些基因工程产品的短期和长期的影响。选项B符合原文。（10）根据上下文句意可知这里表示转折，所以用but。（11）unconditional无条件的，绝对的，无限制的；unexceptional非例外的，普通的；unintentional无心的，无意识的；uncontroversial不会引起争议的。句意：也有可能生成一种 的创新产品“超级种子”。选项D符合原文。（12）interfere妨碍，抵触，冲突，介入；intervene干涉，调停；internet互相作用，互相影响；intrude强挤入，闯入，侵入。句意：或者会 农作物的自然生长。选项A符合原文。（13）Anytime任何时候，无论何时；Any time在任何时候；Sometime在某一时候，有时；Some time一段时间。句意：当你购物的时候，请不要忘了考虑商标背后的生产商。选项A符合原文。（14）brand name为固定搭配，指商标。（15）前后两个句子形成对比，所以用while更恰当。（16）constructive 建设性的，有益的；destructive破坏的，消极的，毁灭性的；instructive有益的，教育性的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。两个句子形成对比，上句是环保，下句当然是破坏环境，所以选项B符合原文。（17）such as后面的内容是一串网址，所以本题选C。sights见解，看法；addresses地址；sites网址，站点；webs网络。（18）句意：这些网址展示了它们所描述的每家公司的优缺点。profit获利，有益于；profile扼要描述，描出的轮廓；propose计划，建议；protect保护。选项B符合原文。（19）socially在社交方面，在社会地位上；conditionally附有条件地；morally正常地；environmentally有关环境方面。句意： 具有 意识的消费是实现改变的强大工具。根据上文可知选项D正确。（20）nursery护士；grocery杂货；bakery面包店；stationery文具。句意：你可以在每次装满购物车的时候都有所作为。grocery cart为常用搭配，指购物车。选项B正确。11. 单选题In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took （ ） trouble over the figures.问题1选项A.extensiveB.spareC.extraD.supreme【答案】C【解析】extensive广泛的, 大量的；spare多余的, 少量的；extra额外的；supreme最高的, 最重要的。句意：为了让老板知道他是一个多么细心的工人, 他在数据上花了额外的功夫。12. 单选题Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is （1 ） to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have （2 ） and friendly relationships with their professors. The （3 ） professor is not necessarily a poor one and is still （4 ） by students. Although students may be in a(n) （5 ） position, some professors treat them as （6 ） . However, no matter how （7 ） professors would like to be, they still are in a position of （8 ） .Professors may （9 ） social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they （10） the instructors role. A professor may have coffee one day with students （11 ） the next day expect them to （12） a deadline for the （13） of a paper or to be prepared （14） a discussion or an exam. The professor may give （15 ） attention outside of class to a student in （16 ） of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it （17 ） evaluating school work. Professors have several roles （18 ） students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must （19 ） that when a teachers role changes, they must appropriately （20 ） their behavior and attitudes.问题1选项A.instructiveB.conduciveC.constructiveD.healthy问题2选项A.easygoingB.comfortingC.carefreeD.relaxing问题3选项A.consultativeB.informalC.easyD.casual问题4选项A.despisedB.respectedC.neglectedD.overlooked问题5选项A.inferiorB.minorC.lowD.subordinate问题6选项A.peersB.colleaguesC.friendsD.equals问题7选项A.democraticB.formalC.relaxedD.strict问题8选项A.authorityB.expertC.supervisorD.superior问题9选项A.buildB.setC.getD.establish问题10选项A.sustainB.supportC.maintainD.retain问题11选项A.butB.henceC.neverthelessD.then问题12选项A.matchB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy问题13选项A.submissionB.presentationC.deliveryD.handing问题14选项A.forB.withC.againstD.of问题15选项A.dueB.extraC.sufficientD.supplementary问题16选项A.questB.needC.searchD.view问题17选项A.gets toB.comes toC.reachesD.touches问题18选项A.with regard toB.in view ofC.in relation toD.with reference to问题19选项A.supposeB.suggestC.realizeD.assume问题20选项A.adoptB.adaptC.adeptD.conform【答案】第1题:第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的；conducive有益的；constructive有建设性的；healthy健康的。Conducive to 有利于, 有助于.原文中的意思是：一个非正式、轻松的课堂环境有利于学习和创新。（2）根据后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知, 填空处的意思应该和friendly相近。easygoing随和的；co