可数名词和不可数名词的用法-there-be-句型

可数名词和不可数名词的用法 (1) 名词可分为 _ 和 _(2) 可数名词能以数目来计算,可数名词有单数形式和_。 可数名词单数形式前面可以用不定冠词 a或 an修饰。如：1 一个男孩 _2 一支钢笔 _3 一个苹果 _4 一名工程师 _ 复数名词前可用 some (一些),many（许多的）, a lot of / lots of（许多的）, a few （几个）,few(几乎没有,很少),how many (多少) 等修饰。如： 5 一些书 _6 很多车 _7 很多植物 _8 几个鸡蛋 _9 There are many different _ (plant) on Earth.10 There are some _ (box) in the room. 11 I have a few _ (friend) here. 12 There are thirty-eight _ (student) in our class. 13 There are seven _ (day) in a week. 14 She has few _ (friend) there. (3) 可数名词的单数变为复数形式的规则1. 一般在词尾直接加-s。如：cat _ bag _ day _2. 以 s, sh, ch, x 结尾的词加 es。如： class _ watch _box _dish(餐具) _ 3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的词,先变 y 为 i,再加es 。如： city _story _ party _注意： day _monkey (猴子)_ boy _ 4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,先变f 或 fe 为 v,再加 es。如： leaf (树叶) _knife _ life _5. 部分以辅音字母 + o结尾的名词加es。如： potato (马铃薯) _ tomato (西红柿) _ negro(黑人) _ hero(英雄) _Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes. 黑人英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿。(4) 名词单数变为复数的不规则变化1. man _woman _ policeman _ 注意：German (德国人) _American (美国人) _2. foot(脚) _ tooth (牙齿) _3. sheep (绵羊) _deer (鹿) _ Chinese (中国人) _Japanese (日本人) _ 4. child(小孩) _mouse(老鼠) _ (5) 有些名词本身就是复数形式,所以作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如： people 人,人们clothes 衣服glasses 眼镜 1 There are five _ (people) in my family.2 The clothes on the bed _ (be) Annas. 3 How many people _ (be) there in your family? 4 These glasses _ (be) new. (6) 不可数名词,不能以数目来计算,一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式。 不可数名词可以用 much (很多),a lot of / lots of (很多),some (一些),how much (多少),a little (一点),little (几乎没有) 等来修饰。如：1. _ 一点牛奶2. _ 很多水3. _ 一些面包4. _ 很多作业5. How much _ (rice) would you like ？ 6. There is some _ (food ) in the fridge(冰箱). 7. Today I have a lot of _ (work) to do. 8. There is a little _ (orange) in the bottle. 常用的不可数名词： water（水）, air（空气）, tea（茶）, meat（肉）, milk（牛奶）, rice（米饭）, bread（面包）, paper（纸）, food（食物,pork（猪肉）, beef（牛肉）, orange（橙汁）, energy（能源）hair （头发）news（新闻,消息）, coffee（咖啡）, weather（天气）, work,（工作） time（时间）, light（光）money（钱）, homework 作业housework 家务rubbish （垃圾）pollution（污染）grass（草,青草）等(7) 不可数名词数量的表达： 数词 / a ,an / many 等 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词 1. _ 一杯牛奶2. _ 两碗(bowl)米饭 3. _ 一瓶橙汁4. _ 五片(piece)面包 5. _ 一杯茶6. _ 三张纸(8) 下列这些词可以修饰复数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词 some（一些）,any（一些）,a lot of / lots of （许多的）1 一些牛奶 _2 一些香蕉 _3 很多垃圾 _4 很多花 _ 5 Today there is a lot of _ (pollution). 6 There are a lot of _ (student) on the playground. 7 There isnt any _ (water) in the cup. 8 There arent any _ (apple) in the box. 9 I have some _ (tea). She has some _ (cake).(9) 用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. The students visited Uncle Sams farm(农场）last Sunday and saw a lot of_ (sheep) there.2. There are two _(German) in our school this year.3. Sam wants to help his parents, so he does a lot of _ (work).4. _ ( child) usually enjoy having ice creams.5. We walk with(用) our _(foot). I brush my _ (tooth) twice a week. 6. We have few _ (friend) there. 7. How many _ (box) of oranges do you want to buy?8. -Whats in the box? - A few _ (apple) and some _ (coffee).9. I have two _ (knife).10. Now many _ (family) have cars. 11. We burn things to make _ (energy). 12. People throw away lots of _ (rubbish) every day. There be 句型 (1) there be 句型表示“在某处有某物/某人”或“某时有某物”。1 地球上有很多污染。_ a lot of pollution _ .2 杯里有一些牛奶。 _ some milk _ the cup.3 我家有5个人。_ five people _ my family.4 课室里有10个学生。_ ten students _ the classroom. (2) there be 句型结构 肯定句：(1) There is + a/an + 单数名词 + 介词短语 (2) There is + some / a little / little /much/lots of + 不可数名词 + 介词短语 (3) There are + ( some, many, lots of ) + 复数名词 + 介词短语1 桌子上有一本书。_ book _ the desk.2 箱子里有一个苹果。_ apple _ the box. 3 杯里有一些茶。_ tea _ the cup. 4 房里有两张桌子。_ two tables _ the room.5 地球上有很多不同的植物。_ many different _ on Earth. 6 课室里有一些花。 _ some _ the classroom. 否定句：(1) There is + not + a/an + 单数名词 + 介词短语 (2) There is + not +any + 不可数名词 + 介词短语 (3) There are + not + any + 复数名词 + 介词短语 注意：is not = isnt are not = arent 把下列句子变为否定句7 There is a book on the table. There _ a book on the table.8 There is some water in the cup. There _ _ water in the cup. 9 There are some apples in the bag. There _ _ apples in the bag. 10 There are some eggs in the box. There _ _ eggs in the box. 一般疑问句：(1) Is there + a/an + 单数名词 + 介词短语 ？ Yes, there is. No, there isnt. (2) Is there + any + 不可数名词 + 介词短语？ Yes, there is. No, there isnt. (3) Are there + any + 复数名词 + 介词短语? Yes, there are. No, there arent. 把下列句子变为一般疑问句,然后回答11 There is a glass of water on the table. _ _ a glass of water on the table ? Yes, _. 12 There is some milk in the bottle. _ there _ milk in the bottle ? No, _ .13 There are five apples in the bag. _ _ five apples in the bag ? Yes, _. 14 There are some books in the room. _ there _ books in the room? No, _ . 特殊疑问句： How many + 复数名词 + are there + 介词短语 ？ There is only one. There are . 15 桌子上有多少本书？只有一本书。 _ books _ on the desk? _ only one.16 你们班有多少个学生？40个学生。 _ students _ in your class? _ forty students in our class. 17 There are five people in my family. (对划线部分提问) _ people _ in your family ? 18 There are six apples in the box. (对划线部分提问) _ apples _ in the box ? (3) 注意下列句子：1 桌子上有一杯牛奶、两个鸡蛋、三个苹果。_ a glass of milk, two eggs and three apples on the table. 2 桌子上有三个苹果、一杯牛奶。_ three apples and a glass of milk on the table. 3 There _ (be) a pear, an egg and two cakes on the table .4 There _ (be) two cakes , a pear and an egg on the table. (4) There be 句型与have/has 的区别: “there is/are”结构强调“存在关系”,常用来表示“在某处有某物/某人” “have/has”强调所属关系,表示“某人拥有某物”There be 句型表示“在某处有某物/某人”,而have/has 表示“拥有”、“所有”,两者不能同时使用。如：1 树下有两辆车。_ two cars under the tree. 2 我有两辆车。 _ two cars. 3 桌子上有三本书。 _ three books on the desk. 4 他有三本书。_ three books. 5 There _ some bananas in the bag . A. is B. are C. have D. has 6 There _ a cup of tea on the table . A. is B. are C. have D. has 7 There _ some coffee in the bottle . A. is B. are C. have D. has (5) 用there be 的适当形式填空。1. _ a desk in the room.2. _ some people in the room.3. _ some water in the glass.4. -_ a pen on the desk? -Yes, _.5. -_ any bananas in the basket? -No, _ .6. -How many students _ in your class ? -_ fifty.7. -Whats in the bottle? -_ some milk. 8. -Whats in the box ? -_ some eggs. 9. _ a pear, an apple and two bananas on the table. 10. _ two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk. (6) 根据文段内容,用单词的适当形式填空。 ( A ) Hello, my name is David and I 1_ (live) in a beautiful village. There 2_ (be) many trees and flowers and the air 3_ (be) fresh. There is 4_ small river behind my house. The water 5_ (be) clean. I usually catch fish in the river with my 6_ (friend) on weekends. There 7_ (be) a park near my home. In the park, many children often 8_ (play) games after school. There 9_ (be) a boy and three girls under the apple tree and they often practise singing together. In the centre of the park, there is 10_ old tree. Every morning, I go there and hear birds singing in the tree.1live 2are 3is 4a 5is 6friends 7is 8play 9is 10an ( B ) Mike is 1_ Englishman. He lives in a tall building in the city London. There 2_ (be) eighteen floors in the building and he lives on the fifteenth floor. He 3_ (use) a lift(电梯) to go up and down. He works very hard. He goes to work early. Every day he leaves 4_ (he) home and walks to the lift. He goes into the lift. It 5_ (take) him down to the first floor. He gets out of the lift. Then he walks to a bus stop. The bus stop 6_ (be) in front of a station. It is about two hundred metres from his home. He 7_ (usual) catches the No. 11 bus to work, 8_ sometimes he goes by bike. He works in a factory about ten kilometres from his home. His work starts at half past eight, and 9_ (finish) at 4:45 p.m. He gets back home 10_ 5:30 p.m. 1an 2are 3uses 4his 5takes 6is 7usually 8but 9finishes 10at ( C )Dear Betty, I am an 1_ (America) schoolboy. My name is John White. I am twelve. I have two brothers. My brothers and I 2_ (be) all at school. We go to school 3_ Monday to Friday. We dont have any 4_ (class) on Saturdays or Sundays. My father and mother are 5_ (teach). They say that China is great, and that Chinese people are very 6_ (friend). I want 7_ (travel) around China. I think it will be very interesting, wont it? I like 8_ (read) books. Now I am reading 9_ book of Chinese stories. They are very interesting. My brothers and I like playing football and basketball. What do you like to do? Lets 10_ (be) friends. Please write soon. Yours John White 1an 2are 3from 4classes 5teachers 6friendly 7to travel 8reading 9a 10be ( D ) Air pollution is 1_ big problem. It is bad for all the living things 2_ Earth, and it is not the only one kind of 3_ (pollute). Water pollution 4_ (make) fish death(死的) and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes 5_ (we) get angry more easily(容易地). Many 6_ (country) are making rules(规则) to fight against pollution. They try to stop people from 7_ (burn) coal(煤炭) in the city and releasing(排放) dirty smoke into the air. And if people use fewer(更少) cars, the air will get better. The Earth is 8_ (we) home. We must 9_ (protect) it and not destroy(破坏) it. That is to say, we should keep the land, water and air clean. At the same time (同时), we had better (最好) plant more trees and they can provide us 10_ a lot of things and make our Earth beautiful. 1a 2on 3pollution 4makes 5us 6countries 7burning 8our 9protect 10with 知识改变命运6 / 6