2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷20（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题He quickly movedaside behind the trees to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.问题1选项A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”，强调快速闪躲，后面一般接宾语；B选项evaded“逃避；规避；逃脱”；C选项escaped“逃离，逃脱；避开；泄出”；D选项 dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避时，目的是免受伤害，可作及物动词，也可以加副词或介词。句意：他迅速躲到树后，以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词 behind（到后面），得知D选项正确。2. 单选题When did the Second World War begin? Many historians, 1 to think of Europe 2 the center of the world, date the war from 1 September 1939 when Germany attacked PolanD.This is not an 3 that would satisfy the Abyssinians or the Chinese for whom the war began earlier. It would not satisfy the Russians and Americans for whom the war began later. In 4 case this European war 5 ended in June 1940 with Germany 6 the entire Continent west of RussiA.If a formal declaration of war 7 the starting point, the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou. The declared war against Japan 8 of the Kiangsi Soviet. If we wait 9 the war was being fought in every continent except the two Americas, the date 10 be 1942 or even 1944.问题1选项A.concedeB.concealC.conditionedD.considered问题2选项A.asB.toC.withD.in问题3选项A.answerB.adviceC.affectionD.assertion问题4选项A.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither问题5选项A.finallyB.eventuallyC.ultimatelyD.virtually问题6选项A.dominatedB.dominatingC.being dominatedD.having been dominated问题7选项A.symbolizesB.marksC.impliesD.remarks问题8选项A.with the titleB.with the statusC.in the nameD.in designation问题9选项A.ifB.sinceC.afterD.until问题10选项A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.may【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A第6题:A第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 concede “承认；退让；给予，容许；让步”；B选项 conceal “隐藏；隐瞒”；C选项 conditioned “决定；使适应；使健康；以为条件”；D选项 considered “考虑；认为；考虑到；细想”。根据上下文判断出此处表达“认为”，故D项最符合。2.考查逻辑关系。根据下文 “the center of the world” 可知此处想表达的是“认为欧洲是世界的中心”,故as最为准确。3.考查逻辑关系。根据上文 “When did the Second World War begin?” 这个问句，可以判断出此处答案应该是A选项answer“回答”。B选项 advice “建议”；C选项 affection “喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项 assertion “断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持；认定”。4.考查词组。A选项 in any case “不管怎样；总之；在任何情况下”；B选项 in both case “在两种情况下”；C选项 in either case “不论发生何种情况”；D选项 in neither case “在两种情况下都不”。根据语境和句意，可知A为正确答案。5.考查词义辨析。A选项finally表达经过一长段时间（通常是指经历了困难和滞迟），表示“终于”；B选项eventually “最终”含有时间因素，表示目前还未发生，但终将发生；C选项ultimately “最终”除了包含时间因素外，还有状态顺序，表示最基本因素；D选项 virtually“事实上，几乎；实质上”。根据下文 “ended in June 1940” 及词义判断出答案为A。6.考查非谓语动词。dominate意为控制，结合上文ended的时态，表示过去，可知A为正确答案。7.考查词义辨析。A选项 symbolize “象征；用符号表现；采用象征；使用符号；作为的象征”；B选项 mark “标志；做标记于；打分数”；C选项 imply“意味；暗示；隐含”；D选项 remark “评论；觉察”。根据下文 “the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou” 可知空格处应为“象征、代表”，因此A最合适。8.考查词组。A选项 with the title of “标题为”；B选项 with the status of “以的地位”；C选项 in the name of“以的名义”；D选项 in designation of “指定”。the Kiangsi Soviet意为“中华苏维埃共和国”，根据上下文 “The declared war against Japan 28 of the Kiangsi Soviet” 以及句意判断出正确答案为C。9.考查从句引导词。until引导从句，wait until表示直到；等到；等待某个条件满足；留待；一直等到，符合句意 “If we wait until the war was being fought in every continent except the two Americas.”, 中文翻译为：如果我们等到除了两个美洲以外的所有大陆都在打仗。因此答案为D10.考查条件状语从句。此处是if引导的真实条件句，真实条件句一般遵循主将从现、主情从现（情指情态动词）、主祈从现（祈指祈使句）等原则。因此可知D为正确答案。3. 单选题Slaughter and destruction are terrible realities of war.问题1选项A.slabB.massive killingC.slightD.dimension【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 slab “厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项 massive killing “大规模的杀戮”；C选项 slight “怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项 dimension “方面；数 维；尺寸；次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词 slaughter “屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。4. 单选题Many renowned scientists questioned the validity of the assumption.问题1选项A.creditB.weaknessC.correctnessD.uncertainty【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项credit“信用，信誉”；B选项 weakness“弱点；软弱；嗜好”；C选项correctness“正确性”；D选项 uncertainty“犹豫；不确定的事物；不确定度”。句意：许多著名的科学家对这一假设的正确性提出了质疑。结合此处关键词 questioned the of the assumption（对假设提出质疑），结合句意，得知C选项正确。5. 单选题He made a _ speech that caused a great deal of argument.问题1选项A.successfulB.provocativeC.touchingD.hostile【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 successful“成功的；一帆风顺的”；B选项 provocative“刺激的；挑拨的；煽动的”；C选项 touching“动人的，令人同情的”；D选项 hostile“敌对的；敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：他做了一个演讲引起了一番争论。根caused a great deal of argument（引起大量的争论）可推测B选项与其意思对应正确，因此选项B符合题意。6. 单选题In many countries now, smoking is not _ in public places.问题1选项A.permissiveB.permutableC.perniciousD.permissible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”；B选项 permutable “可排列的；能交换的”； C选项 pernicious“ 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的”；D选项 permissible“可允许的；获得准许的”。句意：在许多国家，吸烟在公共场所是不。结合句意，A，B，C选项可以排除，D选项permissible（可允许的；获得准许的）最符合语意，吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的，因此选项D正确。7. 单选题Susan Teller traveled and lectured throughout the country to _ education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.问题1选项A.advocateB.acquireC.proclaimD.prosecute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 advocate “提倡，拥护；为辩护”；B选项 acquire “获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项 proclaim “宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项 prosecute “检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。8. 单选题In _ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primeB.primitiveC.primaryD.preliminary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 prime “主要的；最好的；基本的”；B选项 primitive “原始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的”；C选项 primary “主要的；初级的；基本的”；D选项 preliminary “初步的；开始的；预备的”。句意：在原始时代，人类旅行不是为了娱乐，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题She is very resourceful, and she can always find a way around any problem.问题1选项A.delightfulB.responsibleC.industriousD.smart【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 delightful “可爱的，可喜的；讨人喜欢的；令人愉快的”；B选项 responsible “负责的，可靠的；有责任的”；C选项 industrious “勤勉的”；D选项 smart “聪明的；巧妙的；敏捷的；厉害的；潇洒的；剧烈的；时髦的”。句意：她足智多谋，总能找到解决任何问题的办法。结合此处关键词 resourceful “足智多谋的；机智的”，得知D为正确答案。10. 单选题Many scientists remain skeptical about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.consciousB.doubtfulC.noveltyD.obscure【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项 doubtful “可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项 novelty “新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项 obscure “昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词 skeptical “怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。11. 单选题Three labour economists suggest that effort at work is correlated with race. After rejecting a number of 1 explanations for why this might be, they finally 2 the discrepancy to unexplained “cultural differences”. Acutely 3 of the sensitivity of these findings, they delayed publication until after the 4 election. The paper may yet be 5 on by those who are keen to root out “political correctness” and are unhappy with current anti-discrimination laws. The studys method is straightforwarD.The data come from nearly 36,000 “daily diaries”, self-reporting on how Americans spent their working hours, 6 from 2003 to 2012. Relying on the 7 that workers are equally honest in admitting sloth, the authors calculate the fraction of time spent not working while on the job-spent-relaxing or eating, say- and find that it varies by race to a small but 8 significant degree. The gap remains, albeit in weaker form, even with the addition of extensive controls for geography, 9 and union status, among others. Non-white male workers spend an 10 1.1% of the day not working while on the job, or an extra five minutes per day.问题1选项A.excusableB.plausibleC.rationalD.accountable问题2选项A.subscribeB.conferC.dueD.attribute问题3选项A.awareB.consciousC.knowingD.ignorant问题4选项A.presidentB.presidencyC.presidentialD.presiding问题5选项A.attackedB.seizedC.criticizedD.pin-downed问题6选项A.respondedB.documentedC.gatheredD.collected问题7选项A.assumptionB.resumptionC.thesisD.hypothesis问题8选项A.datumB.statisticC.presumablyD.statistically问题9选项A.industryB.provinceC.facultyD.discrepancy问题10选项A.addingB.additionalC.deductionD.induction【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 excusable“可原谅的；可辩解的；可免除的”；B选项 plausible“看似可信的；花言巧语的，巧言令色的”；C选项rational“合理的；理性的”；D选项accountable“有责任的；有解释义务的”。根据上下文，以及关键字explanations（解释），可推测经济学家拒绝了许多合理的解释，由此可推测C选项正确。2.考查动词词义辨析。A选项subscribe“签署；赞成；捐助”；B选项 confer “授予；给予”；C选项 due to“由于；应归于”；D选项 attribute“归属；把归于”。根据上下文，以及关键字 discrepancy“矛盾”，可排除A、B选项，C选项due不能作为动词使用，也可排除。由此D选项正确。3.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项aware“意识到的；知道的”；B选项 conscious “意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；C选项knowing“明知的，故意的；认知的”；D选项ignorant“无知的；愚昧的”。根据关键字sensitivity（敏感性）判断出这几位科学家意识到这类发现有“敏感性”，以及后文they delayed publication（他们推迟出版）可排除C、D选项，B选项conscious（指内心的感觉，强调深刻的心理活动）因此也可排除，A选项aware（侧重感知，多与of连用），因此A选项正确。4.考查近义词词义辨析。A选项 president “总统；董事长；校长”；B选项 presidency “总统（或董事长、会长、大学校长等）的职位（任期）”；C选项 presidential“总统的；首长的；统辖”；D选项 presiding“主持；担任（会议）主席”。根据关键词theelection （选举）可排除D选项，B选项presidency（总统的职位）强调职位，也可排除，A选项president（总统）为名词，也可排除，中文翻译为：直到总统选举结束。判断出此处C选项正确。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 attacked “攻击；侵害”；B选项seized“逮住；咬住”；C选项 criticized“批评”；D选项 pin-downed“发现，查明；确定；使受约束”。句意：这份报告可能会被那些热衷于根除“政治正确性”并对现行反歧视法不满的人所利用。判断出B选项正确。6.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 responded“回答，回报；反应”；B选项 documented “记录”；C选项 gathered“聚集”；D选项 collected“收藏；聚集；聚积”。句意：他的数据来自于2003年至2012年收集的近36000份“每日日记”，这些日记是关于美国人如何度过工作时间的。根据关键词data（数据），A选项可排除。B选项，文中不是他本人所记录的，也可排除。C选项“gathered”，表示由少到多的收集，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“collect”表示有目的或有挑选的收集，可知D选项正确。7.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 assumption“假定；设想；担任”；B选项 resumption“恢复；重新开始；取回；重获”；C选项 thesis“论文；论点”；D选项 hypothesis“（凭空的）猜想”。根据下文workers are equally honest in admitting sloth（工人们同样坦诚地承认自己懒惰）可排除B、C选项。D选项hypothesis（凭空的）猜想也可排除，可知A选项正确。8.考查词义辨析。A选项 datum“数据，资料；基准点”；B选项statistic“统计资料；统计学”；C选项presumably“大概；推测起来；可假定”；D选项statistically“统计地；统计学上”。根据关键词significant（有意义的）可知前面应填副词，可排除A、B选项，C选项与文中significant不匹配，因此D选项正确。9.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 industry“产业；工业；勤勉”；B选项province“省；领域；职权”；C选项faculty“科，系；能力”；D选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”。根据关键词geography（地理）以及union status（工会地位）可推测，中间应填一个与其意思相近的名词，根据上下文，可知A选项正确。10.考查词义辨析。A选项 adding“增加”；B选项 additional“附加的，额外的”；C选项 deduction“扣除，减除；推论”；D选项induction“感应；归纳法；感应现象”。根据关键词“an”可排除C选项，根据1.1%可知应填形容词进行修饰，因此可排除A、D选项。可知B选项正确。12. 单选题It is a classic case of the bored-housewife syndrome doing nothing all day but drink and go shopping.问题1选项A.hindranceB.synthesisC.systemD.symptoms or signs to form a recognizable pattern【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 hindrance “障碍；妨碍；妨害；阻碍物”；B选项 synthesis “综合，化学 合成；综合体”；C选项 system “制度，体制；系统；方法”；D选项 symptoms or signs to form a recognizable pattern “形成可识别模式的症状或体征”。句意：这是一个典型的无聊家庭主妇综合症整天无所事事，只喝酒和购物。结合此处关键词 syndrome “临床 综合症状；并发症状；校验子；并发位”，得知B选项正确。13. 单选题Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _.问题1选项A.involvementB.rebellionC.casualtiesD.anguish【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项involvement “参与；牵连；包含；混乱；财政困难” ；B选项rebellion “叛乱；反抗；谋反”；C选项 casualties“伤亡；人员伤亡”；D选项anguish“痛苦；苦恼”。句意：阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营，以避免平民的。可推测为了不使平民受到伤亡，所以阿富汗的空袭主要集中在机场和训练营。结合此处语境，C选项正确。14. 单选题In practice the theory often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.问题1选项A.declineB.fluctuateC.frustrateD.prosper【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 decline “下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项 frustrate“失败；受挫”；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。15. 单选题The company makes a periodical review of expenditure every month.问题1选项A.regularB.immediateC.prevalentD.temporary【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 regular “定期的；有规律的；合格的；整齐的；普通的”；B选项 immediate “立即的；直接的；最接近的”；C选项 prevalent “流行的；普遍的，广传的”；D选项 temporary “暂时的，临时的”。句意：公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical “数 周期的；定期的”，得知A选项正确。16. 单选题Because of the stroke, the speaking center of the brain was deaD.When she says “speaking”, she means communication in any form: writing, drawing, body language, gestures any means of expressing herself besides _ sounds.问题1选项A.vibratingB.intoningC.recordingD.vocal【答案】D【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项 vibrating“振动，（使）震动；颤抖；共鸣”；B选项 intoning “缓慢庄重地说；吟咏”；C选项 recording“录音；记录；录像”；D选项 vocal “歌唱的；声音的，有声的”。句意：由于中风，大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通：写作，画画，肢体语言，手势，任何方式表达自己除了的声音。联系前文，她有多种形式表达沟通，但是除了的声音，可以推测，她由于中风不能发出声音，因此D选项vocal（有声的）符合句意，可知D选项正确。17. 写作题Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the way people communicate with each other? Has this become a positive or negative development? You must write logically and show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You may make use of any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. You should have your own title and write at least 200 words.【答案】略。18. 单选题There are many ways to recycle used materials, for example, _ rubber from old tires.问题1选项A.detectingB.declaringC.reclaimingD.requiring【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 detect “察觉；发现；探测”；B选项 declare “宣布，声明；断言，宣称”；C选项 reclaim “开拓；回收再利用；改造某人，使某人悔改；抗议，喊叫”；D选项 require “需要；要求；命令”。句意：有很多方法回收使用过的材料，例如，从旧轮胎中回收橡胶。结合此处语境，C选项正确。19. 单选题The managers job is not to make decisions but to carry out the decisions the director makes.问题1选项A.fulfillB.accomplishC.implementD.affect【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 fulfill“实现；满足；使结束”；B选项 accomplish “完成；实现；达到”；C选项 implement “实施，执行；实现，使生效”；D选项 affect“影响”。句意：经理的工作不是做决定，而是执行主管做的决定。结合此处关键词 make decision（做决定），得知C选项正确。20. 单选题Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic _ of matter, and the miracles of life.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bacteria “细菌”；B选项constituents “成分”；C选项erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项 contexts “环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。