2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题60（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的)tragedy was the provocation. The observer of Wars is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive. Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a memos of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane Universitys Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication (药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of ”dry eye syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Fads and colleagues are studying tears for clues Io the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.1.It is known from the first paragraph that （ ）.2.What does “both those responses to tears (Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?3.“Counterproductive”(Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means “ （ ）”.4.What does the author say about crying?5.What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?问题1选项A.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.crying usually wire sympathy from other peopleD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed问题2选项A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.C.The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.问题3选项A.having no effect at allB.leading to tensionC.producing disastrous impactD.harmful to health问题4选项A.It is a pointless physiological response to the environmentB.it must have a role to play in mans survivalC.It is meant to get attention and assistance.D.It usually produces the desired effect.问题5选项A.Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.B.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional terns.C.Emotional tears can give rise to dry eye syndrome in some casesD.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段主要讲述了哭泣的负面影响。第一段第二句Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed提到眼泪会让美国人感到不舒服以及尴尬，所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段提到两种对于哭泣的反应，第一种 “哭泣好像在为了某事在道歉” （The shedder of tears is likely to apologize），第二种反应是 “去阻止某人哭泣” （is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring），选项C符合题意。3.文章第一段最后一句 both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive，从even这个词可知counterproductive 比inappropriate要更强烈，选项D符合题意。4.文章第一段it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival提到眼泪在生存中的作用很大，选项B符合题意。5.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到眼泪的作用之一：perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants，选项A符合题意。2. 单选题School started on a（ ）cold day in February.问题1选项A.severeB.bitterC.suchD.frozen【答案】B【解析】考察形容词、副词词义辨析。severe “严厉的”；bitter “严寒刺骨地”；such “这样的”；frozen “冻结的”。句意：在二月份极度寒冷的一天开学了。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The criminal made a(n) （ ）for freedom by trying to run away.问题1选项A.resortB.pleaC.appealD.bid【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。resort “手段”；plea “请求”；appeal “呼吁”；bid “投标”。句意：罪犯试图通过逃跑来争取自由。make a bid for 争取，选项D符合题意。4. 单选题As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the（ ）of a brilliant career.问题1选项A.porchB.thresholdC.edgeD.course【答案】B【解析】考察介词短语搭配。没有 on the porch 这个搭配，排除选项A；on the threshold “即将开始”；on the edge of “在的边缘”；on the course of “在的过程中”。句意：作为学校里最年轻的教授，布朗先生正处在辉煌事业的开始阶段。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题If something （ ）, it gradually develops and changes over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced.问题1选项A.revolvesB.evolvesC.resolvesD.involves【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。 revolve “旋转”；evolve “逐步发展，逐步演变”；resolve “决定，决心”；involve “牵涉”。句意：如果某些事物进化，逐渐发展经过一段时间变为其他的事物，通常更高级些。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题You have made the mistake of thinking that his behavior is （ ）; actually, very few of his group behave that way he does.问题1选项A.genericB.viableC.idiosyncraticD.soporific【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。generic “一般的”；viable “可行的，能养活的”；idiosyncratic “特殊的，特质的”；soporific “催眠的”。句意：你认为他的行为很普通，实际上，他们小组其他成员都不会像他那样做。选项A符合题意。7. 翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseIt is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary I was one of those sweepers myself.【答案】年轻人从头做起，担任基层职位，这是件好事。匹兹堡很多有名望的商人在创业之初都身负重任。他们拿过扫把，最初都是清扫办公室。我注意到我们办公室清洁工人，这使得我们的年轻人不幸失去了一个受良好商业教训的机会。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清洁工人没有来，某位用于未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地拿起扫把。如果有必要，新来的员工在办公室打扫并没有什么损失。我就一度自己打扫过。8. 单选题The （ ）effects of many illnesses made him a weak man and he still didnt want to do sports every day.问题1选项A.cumulativeB.formidableC.eternalD.prospective【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。cumulative “累积的”；formidable “可怕的，可畏的”；eternal “永恒的”；prospective “预期的，有希望的”。句意：多种病一齐发作使得他身体孱弱，但是他仍然不愿意去运动。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you havent cheeked the price tags lately on some of the younger generations must-haves.To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous. Why do some parents give in?One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-, and skin-filled shows on MTV and youve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.The pressures on parents today are enormous,n says Tom Vogele, a single father of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.Its easier to say lets go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said.For many families, of course, keeping up with their childrens costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says.And dont be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsibility as parents, he said.1.In the first paragraph, “Northbrook is most probably （ ）.2.Some people find it outrageous that（ ）.3.What is the effect of marketing through mass media?4.According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly because（ ）.5.What does Marshall think parents should do with the childrens spending habit?问题1选项A.a market research company based in IllinoisB.a spokesman for the Teenage Research UnlimitedC.the base of the Teenage Research UnlimitedD.the city where the spending survey was carried out问题2选项A.some parents indulge their children in extravagant spendingB.some younger generations must-haves could cost so muchC.some parents are ignorant about their childrens spendingD.some children disregard their notorious spending habits问题3选项A.It fills the market with ads beyond the youngs understanding.B.It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising.C.It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs.D.It triggers young peoples desire to keep up with the trend.问题4选项A.they cant afford the time to stay with their children.B.they want to make up their guilt for their children.C.they find it more convenient than going out with the children.D.they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them问题5选项A.They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.B.They should restrain the childrens spending within limits.C.They should be responsible for providing for the children.D.They should draw up a budget plan for the children.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited提到了Northbrook，后面跟了一个同位语来解释说明Northbrook，所以可以得知Northbrook是一个市场调研集团。选项A符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous提到对一些人来说，年轻人在奢侈品上花太多钱让他们无法容忍。选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提到青少年受各种大众媒体的影响很大。各种形式的广告不断告诉他们如果想适应这个社会，就应该拥有某些东西。选项D符合题意。4.文章第六段提到很多父母没有时间陪伴孩子，因而感到愧疚（For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home），于是，便通过多给孩子零用钱作为补偿（Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids）。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到父母应该告诉孩子如何做预算，如何节省，而不是一味地放任。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the department store made a （ ）of the stored goods.问题1选项A.clearanceB.reductionC.fortuneD.deal【答案】B【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Clearance “清理”；reduction “减少”；fortune “财富，运气”；deal “交易”。句意：我这双靴子没有花你那么多钱，因为我买它的时候商场正好降价销售存货。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for-upward mobility.In the nineteenth, century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses, And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.1.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?2.The difference between gentleman-in-waiting and journeyman is that （ ）.3.According to the second paragraph, land-grant College（ ）.4. Which of the following was the most important for a “gentleman-in-waiting”？5.The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Democratic ideas started with education.B.Federalists were opposed to education.C.New education helped confirm peoples social status.D.Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.问题2选项A.education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher laddersB.journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to himC.gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social classD.journeyman could do practically nothing without education问题3选项A.belonged to the land-owning classB.enlarged the scope of educationC.was provided only to the poorD.benefited all but the upper class问题4选项A.Manners.B.Education.C.Moral.D.Personality.问题5选项A.Education and ProgressB.Old and New Social NormsC.New Education: Opportunities for MoreD.Demerits of Hierarchical Society【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status提到教育不再是人们先前存在的地位的确定，而成了获得更高地位的手段。选项D “教育不再是确定社会地位的手段”符合题意。2.文章第一段最后一句Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for-upward mobility提到教育成了培训，学生不再是等在那里的绅士，而是要提升自己经济地位的熟练学徒。由此可知，绅士与学徒之间的区别就是：前者不用将教育当成工具去努力争取社会地位，因为他们的社会地位本来就高，选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段第二句The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds提到国家公立修建的学校为那些来自非盎格鲁-撒克逊血统、工人阶级和中下层背景的贫穷担忧抱负的男孩们敞开大门。选项B “扩大了教育范围”符合题意。4.文章第三段第一句提到对于绅士，美德首先包含高雅和风度（For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style），由此可知，选项A “行为举止”符合题意。5.文章通过对新旧两种教育体质下的学生进行比较，主要讲的是新的教育观念，并没有涉及教育的发展、社会准则等问题。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题More than 85 percent of French Canadas population speaks French as a mother tongue and （ ）to the Roman Catholic faith.问题1选项A.catersB.adheresC.ascribesD.subscribes【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。cater “迎合；提供饮食及服务”；adhere “追随，坚持， 粘附”；ascribe “把.归因于”; subscribes “订阅，签署”。句意：85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法语作为自己的母语，并且信仰天主教。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题Your story about the frog turning into a prince is （ ）nonsense.问题1选项A.shearB.sheerC.shieldD.sheet【答案】B【解析】考察形容词、名词词义辨析。shear “剪（羊毛等）”; sheer “纯粹的；不掺杂的”； shield “盾牌”；sheet“床单，被单”。句意：你的关于青蛙变成王子的故事完全是无稽之谈。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which （ ）them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they-are mature.问题1选项A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。deprive “剥夺”；restrict “限制”；reject “拒绝”；deny “否认”。句意：虽然有些青少年身体已经发育成熟，但由于社会否认他们享受成人的权利和义务，他们对社会很不满意。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题Weve just installed a fan （ ）to cooking smells from the kitchen.问题1选项A.ejectB.expelC.excludeD.exile【答案】B【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eject “喷射，驱逐”；expel “驱逐”；exclude “排除，排出”；exile “放逐，流放”。句意：我们刚刚安装了一台风扇来排出厨房的烟气。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题It is in vain to say the enlightened statesmen will be able to adjust these clashing interest, and（ ）them all subservient to the public good.问题1选项A.conformB.causeC.tameD.render【答案】D【解析】考察动词词义辨析。conform “符合，遵照”；cause “导致”；tame “驯服”；render “提供，呈交”。句意：开明的政治家将能调整这些相互冲突的利益，并且使他们都服从于公共利益，这些靠说都是无用的。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题There are not many teachers who are strong （ ）of traditional methods in English teaching.问题1选项A.sponsorsB.contributorsC.advocatesD.performers【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。 Sponsor “赞助者”；contributor “捐赠者”；advocate “倡导者，支持者”； performer “表演者”。句意：很多老师都不再强烈倡导传统英语教学法了。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题The 150 million people who live outside the country of their birth make up less than 2.5 percent of world population, but they have an importance far beyond their numbers. Some international migrants are refugees or students, but those with the most impact are economic migrants, drawn to places such as Los Angeles, where the wages may be three times greater than those in Bombay. These migrants tend to be young and willing to work for low wages. Though traditionally unskilled, a growing number are highly educated.Immigration is now the major contributor to demographic change in many developed countries. In the U.S., according to the latest U. S. Census Bureau projection, the population will grow by 129 million in the period from 2000 to 2050, but if immigration stops it would go up by just 54 million. Western Europes population is 42 percent greater than that of the U. S., but its projected immigration is only about half that of the U. S.; as a consequence, the region expected to lose 28 million people over the next 50 years. Japan, which has close to zero net migration, is projected to lose 26