高中英语语法精讲精练非谓语动词.doc

高中英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语（一）分词做定语 单个现在分词形式或过去分词形式作定语时，一般说来放在中心词（被修饰的名词或代词）之前；现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。1) That is an interesting TV series. 那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。2) The girl sitting by my side is my cousin. 坐在我旁边的是我表妹。3) The excited children were opening their Christmas presents. 兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。4) They reduced the number of animals used in experiments. 他们减少了用于试验的动物数量。【used in experiments = which were used in experiments】（二）分词做表语现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，常用于事物；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，常用于人。1) The news is really exciting. 那消息真让人兴奋。2) She looked disappointed after she lost the game. 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。（三）分词做宾语补足语现在分词形式和过去分词形式可作复合宾语中的补足语。1. 在表示感觉和心理状态的动词see、hear、feel、smell、listen(to)、notice、observe、smell、watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词（人名等），也可以是代词宾格（him、us等）。 1) She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. 她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 2) I watched them rehearsing the play. 我看他们排演戏。 3) I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感觉到风吹在我的脸上。 2. 表示“致使”等意义的动词，如catch、find、leave、give、have、get后也可跟上述(1)的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。 1) The teacher caught a boy cheating. 老师发现一个男生（考试）作弊。2) You should make your views known. 你应当让别人了解你的看法。 3) Shes having her eyes tested. 她正在验光。 （练习一）1. I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm.A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching2. The girl _ down by a car was dying.A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock3. The foreign guests, _ by an interpreter, came out of the hall.A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed4. The problem _ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere.A. having been settled B. settleB. be settled D. settled5. There was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared.A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement6. The children _ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining7. He talked about his suggestions _ by you yesterday.A. been turned down B. turned downC. to be turned down D. to turn down8. This is the package _ at the post office last night.A. be weighed B. to be weighedC. to weigh D. weighed9. An island is a small piece of land _ by water.A. surrounded B. surroundingC. to be surrounded D. being surrounded10. The managers will again discuss the plan _ last week.A. carried out B. carrying outC. carry out D. to carry out11. After the heavy rain, many cars got _ in the mud.A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got _ .A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed13. When I went in, they were _ in a heated discussion.A. absorb B. absorbedC. absorbing D. being absorbed14. A cook will be fired immediately if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked15. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _. A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard（练习二）1. Prices of daily goods _ through Internet can be lower than store prices.A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying2. Tom sounds very _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly 3. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed4. This plant is so vulnerable(脆弱的) that once _ by any disease, it cant survive. A. attacks B. having attack C. attacking D. attacked5. Linda worked for the Minnesota(美国.明尼苏达州) Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known6. The pilot asked all the passengers on board remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating7. Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, It does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant8. Though _ rather tired, he insisted on helping the old lady carry the box.A. feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling9. _ in a hurry, this novel was not as good as his previous one.A. Writing B. Written C. To be write D. To be written10. From the _ expression on his face, I know he lost the game. A. disappointed B. disappointing C. to be disappoint D. to disappoint语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯性的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词语或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Architecture looks at the man-made living environment. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty 31 (express) in art and architectureWhen you look around 32 buildings, streets，squares and parks, you will find 33 designed，planned and built in different styles. Modernism was invented in the 1920s by a group of architects 34 wanted to change society with buildings that went against 35 feeling of beautyThey wanted their buildings constructed in a way 36 look unnatural 37 in traditional architecture materials such as earth，stone，brick and wood are used，the materials of modern architecture 38 (be)steel, glass and concrete. To some people modern architecture equals progress. Developing countries want to build the most modern-looking buildings as the first step towards becoming 39 modern country. However, many do not find modern buildings beautiful because they look like boxes with flat 40 (roof), sharp corners and glass walls that act as mirrors.分词做状语 & 现在分词的时态和语态一、分词作状语1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。1) Seeing the teacher entering the classroom, the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the classroom, they stood up.)学生看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。(时间)2) Heated, ice will be changed into water. (=When it is heated.) 加热时，冰会变成水。(条件、时间)3) Being excited, I couldnt go to sleep.(=As I was excited, I couldnt go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因)4) She stood there, listening to the broadcast.(=She stood there and listened to the broadcast.)她站在那儿听广播。(伴随)5) The children went away laughing.(=The children went away. They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。(方式)6) Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this.) 他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。(让步) 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。（也就是说分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。）1) Laughing and talking loudly, the audience left the stadium after the match.比赛结束后，观众们大声说着，笑着离开了赛场。2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks significant. 从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮观。 【练兵题】 用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。1. He sent the company another e-mail, _ (hope) to get further information about the job.2. Unless _ (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.3. _ (give) more time, he will make a first class tennis player.4. _ (See) from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.5. She was sitting in an armchair _(read) a book.6. He is a student at Oxford University, _(study) for a degree in computer science. 7. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _(move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 8. _(drive) by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. 9. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _(let) in the natural light during the day. 10. Mysister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _(try) to balance it. 11. _(see) that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.12. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.13. _(realize)that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.14. _(throw) their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. 2. 作时间或条件状语时，为了明确其意义，有时可在其前加上when，while，if，once， although，until等连词。例如：1) Please take notes while listening to the report. 听报告时请作好笔记。2) When explaining it to her, you should be patient.对她解释这件事时，你应该耐心些。3) Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam.虽然很努力，但他还是没有通过期末考试。4) If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.倘若是逐字逐句地翻译，这段文章将深奥难解（难以被理解）。 【练兵题】 _ (当穿越街道的时候), you can never be too careful.二、现在分词的时态与语态1. 现在分词形式的时态 现在分词形式除了一般式形式外，还有完成式“having done”，表示现在分词形式动作发生在谓语动作之前。1) Not having received her mothers letter, he decided to write another.在没有收到他母亲的来信之后,他决定再写一份。 2) Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。2. 现在分词形式的语态 现在分词形式还有被动式。一般式的被动式是“being done”；完成式的被动式是“having been done”。 （1）若动作与谓语动作几乎是同时发生，而且有逻辑上的动宾关系，可用“being+过去分词”的形式。 1) Being surrounded by a large crowd of his fans, Yao Ming could hardly move a step further. 姚明被他的一大群球迷簇拥着，他几乎无法挪动一步。 2) The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the 2008 Olympics. 最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。 （2）若想明确表示现在分词形式动作发生在谓语动作之前，可用分词的完成形式“having been done”。1) Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made.经过几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。2) Having been trained to play the piano since her childhood, she has become an excellent pianist. 自从童年开始就接受钢琴训练，她成了一名优秀的钢琴家。 【练兵题】1. _ (还没有收到) his brothers e-mail, he was very worried and wrote another.2. _ (已经被翻译成多种语言), the book is popular all over the world. 分词综合巩固练习 2011年各地高考链接1. (全国卷I) The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen2. （全国卷II）The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined3. （全国卷II）Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D. saying 4. （北京卷） Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. A. to keepB. keepingC. having keptD. to have kept5. (上海卷) Its no use _ without taking action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained6. (上海卷) The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved7. (上海卷) At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _ that he could do nothing to help. A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized8. （山东卷） Look over theretheres a very long, winding path_ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead9. （江西卷） On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say10. （江苏卷） Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared11.（安徽卷） Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break12. （浙江卷） Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 13. （福建卷） Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 14. （四川卷） Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study15. （四川卷）_ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer状语从句与非谓语的相互转化 1Since he was defeated, he left the room sadly. _, he left the room sadly.2. Once he had been appointed supreme commander, he took the stern measures expected of him. _ supreme commander, he took the stern measures expected of him.3. The stranger, after he had discarded his jacket, moved threateningly towards me. The stranger, _ his jacket, moved threateningly towards me.4. He wrote his greatest novel while he was working on a freighter. He wrote his greatest novel _ on a freighter.5. Once it was published, the book caused a remarkable stir. Once _, the book caused a remarkable stir.6. Since he was persuaded by our optimism, he gladly contributed time and money to the scheme. _ by our optimism, he gladly contributed time and money to the scheme. 7. As he is a farmer, he is suspicious of all governmental interference. _a farmer, he is suspicious of all governmental interference. 8. The girl, who was upset by the activities of the ghost, decided to leave. The girl, _by the activities of the ghost, decided to leave. _ by the activities of the ghost, the girl decided to leave. 9. The climbers returned, who were hungry and exhausted. The climbers returned, _.10. The children, after they had eaten their fill, were allowed to leave the table. The children, _ their fill, were allowed to leave the table. 定语从句与非谓语的转化 1. The substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine. The substance, _ almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine.2. The book which is lying on the table is Marys. The book_ the table is Marys. 3. The girl who stood in the corner was wearing make-up. The girl _in the corner was wearing make-up. 4. The dog which was barking next door sounded like a terrier. The dog _ next door sounded like a terrier. 5. A tile which fell from a roof shattered into fragments at his feet. A tile _ a roof shattered into fragments at his feet. 6. He is talking to a girl who looks like Joan. He is talking to a girl_ Joan.7. Any coins that may be found on this site must be handed to the police. Any coins _ must be handed to the police.定语从句与动词不定式转换：1. The next train that arrived was from York. The next train _ was from York.2.The time at which everyone should arrive is 8 pm. The time _ is 8 pm. 3.The place at which you should stay is the Hilton. The place _ is the Hilton. 4.The case which will be investigated tomorrow is connected with the explosion. The case _is connected with the explosion.非限制性定语从句与非谓语的转换：1.The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. The apple tree, _ gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.2.The substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine. The substance, _ almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine. 3.The man, who was wearing such dark glasses, obviously could not see clearly. The man, _, obviously could not see clearly. 4.The cost, which includes meals, is ninety franks. The cost, _, is ninety franks. 参考答案：分词作定语（练习一）1-5 BCCDA 6-10 BBDAA 11-15 CCBBD（练习二） 1-5 BAADB 6-10 CDABA分词作定语语法填空2009011231expressed 32at 33them 34who 35peoples 36to 37While 38are 39a 40roofs 分词做状语1. hoping 2. invited 3. Given 4. Seen 5. reading 6. studying 7. B moving 8. Driven 9. letting 10. trying 11. Seeing 12. Walking13. Not realizing 14. Throwing现在分词的时态与语态1. Not having received 2. Having been translated into several foreign languages分词作状语2011年高考真题1-5 BCDBB 6-10 ACACB 11-15 CBCBC 状语从句与非谓语的相互转化1. Defeated 2. (Once) appointed 3. having discarded 4. while working 5. published 6. Persuaded 7. Being 8. upset；Upset 9. hungry and exhausted 10. having eaten定语从句与非谓语的转化 1. discovered 2. lying on 3. standing 4. barking 5. falling from 6. looking like 7. found on this site定语从句与动词不定式转换：1. to arrive 2. to arrive 3. for you to stay 4. to be investigated tomorrow非限制性定语从句与非谓语的转换：1. swaying 2. discovered 3. wearing such dark glasses 4. including meals