初一英语语法知识点总结复习(超详细)-(1)

课时一教学任务 一 重点语法 1 动词 be am is are 的用法 be 动词包括 am is are 三种形式 第一人称单数 I 配合 am 来用 句型解析析 I am 第二人称 You 配合 are 使用 句型解析 You are 第三人称单数 He or She or It 配合 is 使用 句型解析 She He It is 人称复数 we you they 配合 are 使用 句型解析 We You They are 例句 We are in Class 5 Grade 7 They are my friends You are good students 用法口诀 我 I 用 am 你 you 用 are is 跟着他 he 她 she 它 it 单数名词用 is 复数名词全用 are 变否定 更容易 be 后 not 加上去 变疑问 往前提 句末问号莫丢弃 还有一条须注意 句首大写莫忘记 第二课时 1 英语人称代词和物主代词 一 人称代词 表示 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 的词 叫做人称代词 人称代词有人称 数和格的变化 见下表 单数 复数人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you he him she her第三人称 it it they them 人称代词主格 作主语 表示谁怎么样了 干什么了 I am a teacher You are student He is a student too We You They are students 人称代词宾格作宾语 表示动作行为的对象 Give it to me Let s go let s let us 二 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词 也可叫做代词所有格 物主代词分 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种 其人称和数的变化见下表 数 单数 复数 人称 类别 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三 人称 形容词性物主 代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他 她 它 们的 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our their 名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词 名词 故其后不必加名词 如 Is this your book No it isn t it s hers her book This pen is mine 课时二 2 简单句 一 陈述句 陈述句的否定结构 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达 1 句子的谓语动词为 be have 或者谓语动词有助动词 情态动词时 其 否定结构为 主语 谓语动词 助动词 情态动词 not 其他成分 I am not a teacher 我不是老师 We have not haven t any books on animals 我们没有任何有关动物方面 的书 The children are not aren t playing in the playground 孩子们没在操 场上玩 He will not won t come 他不会来 We must not mustn t forget the past 我们不能忘记过去 It could not couldn t be lost 它不可能丢的 2 当句子的谓语动词是 do 即行为动词 而且没有助动词或情态动词时 其否定结构为 主语 do does did not 动词原形 其他成分 You do not don t come here every day 你没有每天都来这里 He does not doesn t teach this class 他不教这个班 They did not didn t watch TV last night 昨晚他们没看电视 注意 陈述句的语调一般用降调 但在表示疑问的语气时 用升调 在书面上 要用问号来表示 You really want to go to Hong Kong 你真的想去香港吗 这句话表示的是一种疑问 只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的 二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子 句末用问号 常考的疑问句有四类 即 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 第一节 一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常需要用 yes 或 no 来回答 所以又叫做 是非疑问句 在 读这种句子时 要用升调 一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型 1 be 主语 表语 结构 Are you sleepy 你困了吗 Yes I am 是的 我困了 3 情态动词 主语言 行为动词 或 be 结构 May Can I use the telephone 我能用这部电话吗 Yes you can 是的 可以 5 助动词 do does did 主语 行为动词 结构 Do you like swimming in summer 你喜欢夏天游泳吗 No I don t 不 我不喜欢 难点提示 回答否定性一般疑问句时 要在 Yes 后面用肯定结构 表示肯定 在 No 后面 用否定结构 表示否定 注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反 诀窍是在回答的 时候 只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了 注意下 面例句的回答和它的意思 Is he not your elder brother 他不是你的哥哥吗 Yes he is 不 他是 我的哥哥 No he is not 是的 他不是 我的 哥哥 Isn t she very clever 她难道不是很聪明吗 Yes she is 不 她很聪明 No she is not 是 她不聪明 第二节 特殊疑问句 一 特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句 要求听到问题的人针对特定 情况来做具体的回答 不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用 Yes 或 No 来回答 特 殊疑问句要用降调来读 二 特殊疑问句的结构 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句 Who do English homework in the evening 谁晚上做英语家庭作业 What do you do in the evening 你晚上做什么 What homework do you do in the evening 你晚上做什么家庭作业 When do you do English homework 你什么时候做英语家庭作业 三 注意 对人提问时 who 谁 对所属 谁的 提问用 whose 谁的 对哪一个提问用 which 哪一个 对时间提问用 when 什么时候 或 what time 几点 对物体提问用 what 什么 对地点提问用 where 哪里 对原因提问用 why 为什么 对方式提问用 how 怎么样 对数量提问用 how many 多少 用于可数名词复数 或 how much 多少 用 于不可数名词 四 难点提示 1 以 why 开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议 请求等 Why don t you have a try 你为什么不试试呢 2 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式 在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法 I don t want to go there How about you 我不想去那儿 你呢 But what else 可是还有什么呢 肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的 方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法 三步法 1 有 be 动词 情态动词 be 动词 情态动词提到句首 其余照抄 some 改成 any my 改成 your 句末用问号 2 无 be 动词 情态动词 在句首加 Do Does Did 其余照抄 some 改成 any my 改成 your 句末用问号 3 加 Does did 的句子注意 句子动词要变成原型 例如 陈述句 They are in the park He can play the guitar 一般疑问句 Are they in the park Can he play the guitar 陈述句 I like the ducks He likes the dogs 一般疑问句 Do you like the ducks Does he like the dogs 关于特殊疑问词 1 根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句 句末问号 2 how many 后必须先写物品 再写一般疑问句等 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则 一 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式 是在该词末尾加上后辍 s 读音变化 结尾是清辅音读 s 结尾是浊辅音或元音读 z 例 friend friends cat cats style styles sport sports piece pieces 二 凡是以 s z x ch sh 结尾的词 在该词末尾加上后辍 es 构成复数 读音变化 统一加读 iz 例 bus buses quiz quizzes fox foxes match matches flash flashes 三 以辅音字母 y 结尾的名词 将 y 改变为 i 再加 es 读音变化 加读 z 例 candy candies daisy daisies fairy fairies lady ladies story stories 四 以 o 结尾的名词 如果不是外来词或缩写 就加 es 否则加 s 构成复数 读音变化 加读 z 例 tomato tomatoes potato potatoes torpedo torpedoes bingo bingoes 反例 silo silos piano pianos 外来词 photo photos 五 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 多为将 f 或 fe 改变为 ves 但有例外 读音变化 尾音 f 改读 vz 例 knife knives life lives leaf leaves staff staves scarf scarves 反例 roof roofs 六 部分单词的复数形式不变 读音变化 保持原音 例 fish fish sheep sheep cattle cattle deer deer 七 极少数单词 其复数形式没有任何规律 读音变化 没有规律 例 man men woman women child children person people ox oxen 八 一些单数词得改头换面一番 才能变成复数词 例 foot feet man men mouse mice tooth teeth woman women 九 有些名词是单数 复数不分的 例 deer fish cannon sheep salmon 鲑鱼 trout 鳟鱼 十 一些名词虽分单数 复数 但出现次数多的总是单数词 例 abscence clothing film help furniture 家具 machinery 机械 news scenery 风景 sugar traffic 交通 十一 另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例 bellows 风箱 clothes police shorts 短裤 scissors 剪刀 spectacles 眼镜 shears 大剪刀 trousers 长裤 wages 工资 十二 若表达具体数目 要借助数量词 例 pair 对 双 suit 套 a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers 十三 另外还有一些名词 其复数形式有时可表示特别意思 例 goods 货物 waters 水域 fishes 各种 鱼 十四 除人民币元 角 分外 美元 英镑 法郎等都有复数形式 例 a dollar two dollars a meter two meters 以 O 结尾的词 许多加 es 构成复数 特别是一些常用词如 heroes potatoes tomatoes echoes tornadoes torpedoes dominoes vetoes m osquitoes Negroes mangoes buffaloes volcanoes 但下面几类词只加 s 1 以 元音 o 或 oo 结尾的词 如 videos radios studios zoos bamboos kangaroos 2 一些外来词 特别是音乐方面的词 如 pianos 3 一些缩写词和专有名词 如 kilos photos 写出下列名词复数 leaf puppy box knife fly fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy zoo man roof sheep knife lady key story watch bamboo city family day apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese deer foot child tooth guy hero spy boss monkey city goat radio horse dog 用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空 1 There are so many wolf in the forest 2 There are three chair in the classroom 3 These tomato are red 4 hero are great 5 My brother looks after two baby 6 There are some deer eating the grass 7 My father likes to eat potato 8 Chinese people like to eat noodles 9 I have a lot of toy in my bedroom 10 I help my mother wash dish in the kitchen 11 I have two pencil box 12 There are some bus in the street 13 Peter has eight foot 14 Linda has three tooth 15 There are some child in the garden 16 Michael likes the mouse 17 There are some goose in the river 18 My uncle and father are man 19 Tom and King are boy 20 Linda has three tooth 选出正确形式 1 I can see three in the zoo A monkeys B monkeys C monkey 2 The pig has four A foot B feet C foots 3 My two brothers are both A policeman B policemans C policemen 4 There are four in the class A Japanese B Japaneses C Japan 5 I can see ten in the picture A sheep B dog C pig 6 The has three A boys watches B boy watch C boy watches 7 C an you see on the plate A bread B breads C breades 8 The girl often brushes her before she goes to bed A tooth B tooths C teeth 9 Mr Black often drink some A milk B milks C milkes 10 There are some on the floor A child B water C books 11 will learn English A Woman B Women C Man 12 Lucy will show us some new of hers A photo B photos C photoes 13 I drank two A bottles of orange B bottle of orange C bottles of oranges 14 The cat eats two last night A mouses B mice C mouse 15 I need a pen and some A books B desk C chair 16 Jim was late for two classes this morning He said that he forgot both of the A rooms number B Room number C Room s number D Room numbers 17 The newly built library is a building A five storey B five storeys C five storey s D five storeys 18 Whose umbrella is it It s A somebody else s B Somebody else C Somebody s else s D Somebody s else 19 I feel terribly hot What s the A temperature of room B Room s temperature C Room temperature D Temperature of room s 20 will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas A The Evens B The Evens C The Evenses D The Evenses 21 The girl talking to Mary is a friend of A Mary s sister B Mary sister s C Mary s sister s D sister of Mary s 22 The woman over there is mother A Julia and Shelley s B Julia s and Shelley s C Julia and Shelley D Julia s and Shelley 23 He is very tired He needs A a night rest B a rest night C a night s rest D a rest of night 24 Excuse me where are offices Over there A teacher s B teachers C the teacher s D the teachers 25 Today is September 10 th It s Day Let s go and buy some flowers for our teachers A Teacher B Teachers C the Teachers D Teacher s 课时四 现在进行时 现在进行时用法 一般结构 肯定句式 主语 be am is are 现在分词 其它 否定句式 主语 be am is are not 现在分词 其它 一般疑问句 Be am is are 主语 现在分词 其它 特殊疑问句 疑问词 be am is are 主语 现在分词 其它 对一般疑问句作答 肯定回答 yes 主语 be 否定回答 no 主语 be not 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答 它不可以用 Yes 或 No 直接作答 要根据实 际情况回答 Eg They are working these days He is buying a bike They aren t working these days He isn t buying a bike Are they working these days Is he buying a bike What are they doing these days What is he doing 现在分词的变法有 1 一般在动词词尾加上 ing Jump jumping go going pushing pushing play playing 2 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词 先去 e 再加 ing Take takeing leave leaving write writing have having 3 以重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母的词 它前面是单个元音字母 时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写 再加上 ing Cut cutting put putting stop stopping fit fitting begin beginning forget forgetting 4 以 ie 结尾的词 将 ie 变为 y 再加 ing Lie lying 练习 尽管现在进行时比较简单 但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误 常见的错 误有如下几种 自我检测 1 Look He their mother do the housework A is helping B are help C is help D is helpping 2 are the boys doing They are singing in the room A Who B How C What D Where 3 Don t talk here My mother A is sleeping B are sleeping C sleeping D sleep 4 Danny Don t call him A is writeing B is writing C writing D writes 5 When he back Sorry I don t know A does come B are coming C is come D is coming 6 It s ten o clock My mother lie in bed 7 What he mend 8 We play games now 9 What you do thesse days 10 he clean the classroom 11 Who sing in the next room 12 The girl like wearing a sweater Look She wear a red sweater today 二 常见方位介词短语 一 由介词 in 构成的方位介词短语 1 in the front 在前面 2 in the front row 在前排 3 in the back row 在后排 4 in the third row 在第 三排 5 in front of 在 前面 范围之外 6 in the front of 在 前部 范围之内 7 in the middle 在 中间 8 in the street 在街上 9 in the middle of 在中间 10 in the tree 在树上 指飞鸟等外来物 二 由介词 at 构成的方位介词短语 1 at the front of 在 所在范围的前一部分 2 at the back of 在 所在范围的后一部分 3 at the foot of 在 脚下 4 at the top of 在 顶部 5 at the end of 在 尽头 6 at the head of 在 前头 7 at the school gate 在 校 门口 8 at the station 在车 站 9 at No 2 Chang an Road 在长安路 2 号 10 at my uncle s 在我 叔叔家 11 at home 在家 12 at the doctor s 在医务 室 在诊所 三 由介词 on 构成的方位介词短语 1 on the right left 在右 左 边 2 on one s right left 在某人的右 左 边 3 on the desk table 在课桌 桌上 4 on the right hand left hand side 在右 左手边 5 on the blackboard 在黑板上 6 on in the wall 在墙上 里 7 on the paper 在纸上 8 on the tree 在树上 指树 上长的 结的东西 三 其它介词构成的方位介词短语 1 next to 靠近 贴近 2 beside the desk 在课桌旁 3 behind the door 在门后 4 under the bed 在床下 5 near the window 靠近窗户 6 outside the gate 在门外 课时五 祈 使 句 一 单项选择 1 Please they re having a meeting A not be so noisy B be quite C mustn t talk D no speaking 2 to meet me at the station I ll be waiting there A Not to forget B Not forget C Forget not D Don t forget 3 It s a fine day Let s go fishing A won t we B will you C don t we D shall we 4 Don t smoke in the meeting room A do you B will you C can you D could you 5 Don t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow I A don t B won t C can t D haven t 6 If you are tired a rest A have B having C to have D had 7 me go It is very important for me A Do let B Let do C Doing let D To do let 8 He is not honest believe him A Not B Don t C To not D Not to 9 up early tomorrow or you can t catch the train A Getting B Get C To get D Got 10 in the street It s dangerous A Not play B Not to play C Don t play D Don t to play 11 Please me some money will you A lend B lending C borrow D borrowing 12 The film is about to begin Please seated A be B are C is D being 13 down the radio The baby s asleep in the next room A Turning B To turn C Turned D Turn 14 Lucy the door or someone will come in A close B closes C not close D is closing 15 and play football in the street after lunch A Let s not to go B Let s not go C Let s don t go D Not let s go 16 A sign with the words is often found in a bus A Not parking B Not smoking C No parking D No smoking 17 Chinese in you English class A Not speak B Don t speak C Speak not D Don t speaking 18 the boxes You may use them later A Keep B Keeping C To keep D Kept 19 If you want to stay let me know A will you B shall we C do you D do we 20 Never come late again A will you B won t you C do you D does he 21 The TV is too loud Please A turn it down B to turn it down C turn down it D to turn down it 22 late again Bill A Don t to be B Don t be C Not be D Be not 23 cross the road until the traffic lights turns green A Not B Won t C Doesn t D Don t 24 Please help me carry it A will I B will you C shall I D shall we 25 Don t make so much noise A will you B won t you C shall we D do you 26 Do you know the girl under the tree A stand B to stand C standing D stood 27 Kate your homework here tomorrow A bring B brings C to bring D bringing 28 me the truth or I ll be angry A Telling B To tell C Told D Tell 29 I ve kept the dog Maomao for a long time A name B named C naming D to name 30 Don t you know that is good for our health A swim B swimming C swam D swims 二 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1 It s an important meeting not be late 2 not make any noise Your mother is sleeping 3 not speak with your mouth full of food and be polite 4 not talk and read aloud 5 not leave your homework for tomorrow Larry 6 look out A car is coming 7 give us ten years and just see what our country will be like 8 not let the baby cry 9 Wear more clothes or you catch a cold 10 Let s not say anything about it 三 句型转换 11 Will you please read it again more slowly 改为祈使句 again more slowly please 12 If you don t listen to me I ll go 改为同义句 me or I ll go 13 Let s watch the sports games 改为反意疑问句 Let s watch the sports games 14 The teachers often tell the students not to be careless 改为祈 使句 careless please 15 Please sit next to Nancy 改为否定句 next to Nancy 16 Don t forget to turn off the lights please 改为反意疑问句 Don t forget to turn off the lights 17 If you move you ll die 改为同义句 or you ll die 18 Come to my house tomorrow 改为反意疑问句 Come to my house tomorrow 19 这是一个坏了的被子 翻译句子 This is a 20 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧 翻译句子 Let s go and help the please 课时七 一般将来时 一 单项选择 1 The day after tomorrow they a volleyball match A will watching B Watches C is watching D is going to watch 2 There a birthday party this Sunday A shall be B will be C shall going to be D will going to be 3 They an English evening next Sunday A are having B are going to have C will having D is going to have 4 you free next Sunday A Will are B Will be C Do be D Are be 5 He there at ten tomorrow morning A will B is C will be D be 6 your brother a magazine from the library A Are going to borrow B Is going to borrow C Will borrows D Are going to borrows 16 Who we swimming with tomorrow afternoon A will go B do go C will going D shall go 17 We the work this way next time A do B will do C going to do D will doing 18 Tomorrow he a kite in the open air first and then boating in the park A will fly will go B will fly goes C is going to fly will goes D flies will go 19 The day after tomorrow they a volleyball match A will watching B watches C is watching D is going to watch 20 There a birthday party this Sunday A shall be B will be C shall going to be D will going to be 21 They an English evening next Sunday A are having B are going to have C will having D is going to have 22 you free next Sunday A Will are B Will be C Do be D Are be 23 He there at ten tomorrow morning A will B is C will be D be 24 your brother a magazine from the library A Are going to borrow B Is going to borrow C Will borrows D Are going to borrows 25 Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon 好的 A Yes please B Yes you will C No please D No you won t 26 It the year of the horse next year A is going to be B is going to C will be D will is 27 open the window A Will you please B Please will you C You please D Do you 28 Let s go out to play football shall we OK I A will coming B be going to come C come D am coming 29 It us a long time to learn English well A takes B will take C spends D will spend 30 The train at 11 A going to arrive B will be arrive C is going to D is arriving 二 动词填空 1 I am afraid there be a meeting this afternoon I can t join you 2 Mike believe not this until he see it with his own eyes 3 Most of us don t think their team win 三 句型转换 1 China is a modern and strong country in twenty years 2 Do you study hard from now on 3 She didn t speak English at the meeting before long 课时七 There be 句型 There be 句型 1 定义 There be 句型表示某处存在某物或某人 2 结构 1 There is 单数可数名词 不可数名词 地点状语 2 There are 复数名词 地点状语 一 选择填空 1 Again my computer does t work must be something wrong with the CPU A There B That C It D This 2 There some milk some eggs and a few apples on the table A is B are C has D have 3 there are so many green trees on sides of the street A either B each C both D neither 4 there anything new in today s newspaper A is B are C isn t D aren t 5 there books on the shelf A are a B is a C have some D are any 6 there many elephants in Africa A is B has C are D have 7 is there a hotel near here A yes please B not at all C sorry i don t know D here you are 8 are there any on the table A meat B cheese C tomatoes D papper 9 where is my wallet there a black on the floor A is it B are ones C is one D are one 10 there s eraser on desk A an the B the a C the the D an 二 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 there are many mouse in the old house 2 there be an airport in Suqian some day i hope 3 there be four buildings built already in our school 4 there be hardly any juice left isthere 三 根据汉语完成下列句子 看 天空中有奇怪的东西 Look in Sky 没有水 地球上就没有生命 Without water no lift on eath 冰箱里有多少冰激凌 ice cream in the fridge 黑板在我的课桌前面 a blackboard in front of my desk 一些老师在操场上 some teachers on the playground 课时九 感叹句 感叹句是表达喜 怒 哀 乐以及惊奇 惊讶等强烈感情的句子 感叹句通常 由 what 或 how 引导 what 和 how 与所修饰的词置于句首 其它部分用陈 述句语序 打油诗一首 感叹句往后看 形容词 后是名单 就用 what a 或 what an 形后若是不可数或名复数 只用 what 就可以 形容词后乱糟糟 只写 how 就 OK 了 专项练习 一 填入适当的词完成下列感叹句 1 difficult homework we had yesterday 2 cute dog it is 3 interesting the story is 4 bad the weather in England is 5 honest boy Tom is 6 tasty smell the cake gave off 7 good time we had on the beach yesterday 8 exciting news you ve brought us 9 cool your new car is 10 scary these tigers are 二 选择填空 1 fast the boy ran A How B How an C What D What an 2 well you sing but badly he dances A How how B What what C How what D What how 3 delicious the soup is I d like some more A How B How an C What D What an 4 fools they were They believed what the man said A How B How an C What D What an 5 foolish they were They believed what the man said A How B How an C What D What an 6 difficult questions they are I can t answer them A How B How an C What D What an 7 I miss my friend very much I want to see her A How B How an C What D What an 8 lovely weather we are having these days A How B How an C What D What an 9 beautiful your new dress is A How B How an C What D What an 10 interesting work it is to teach children A How B How an C What D What an 三 所给句子填空 使填空句变为相应的感叹句 1 The boy swam very fast 同义句 the boy swam 2 The school trip is very exciting 同义句 the school trip is 3 Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter 同义句 Hei Longjiang looks in winter 4 It is a very useful dictionary 同义句 dictionary it is dictionary is 5 The students are listening very carefully the students are listening 课时九 反身代词 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人 称 人称代词 I you He she it we you they 反身代词 myself yourself Himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 另外 one 的反身代词为 oneself 一 选择 1 Those girls enjoyed in the party last night A them B they C themselves D herself 2 Help to some fish children A yourself B your C yours D yourselves 3 The film is very fun A it s B itself C it D its 4 Who teaches math I teach A your myself B you myself C you me D you herself 5 The father will make a bike A her himself B she himself C her herself D she herself 6 The scarf is she made it A herself her B herself hers C hers herself D her herself 7 Liu Hulan s death was great She thought more of others than A her B she C hers D herself 8 Luckily he di