中考语法复习-介词.doc

中考语法复习介词1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语)The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)2. 介词和种类(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。3. 介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, （2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end （3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for 4. 介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.5. 常用介词的用法辨析一. at/ in /on .1.表示时间：1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)in the morning/afternoon /eveningin spring /in 2007/in Marchin the twenty-first centuryin his fifties3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy nighton the evening of April 1st ,20072表地点:1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.in China in the classroom3)on 指在某物体的表面上.on the desk注意:写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.He lives at 270 DongChangan Street.二.介词in /on / to 表方位:1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)Tanwan is _ the southeast of China .2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)Hubei is _ the north of Hunan .3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)Japan is _ the east of China .三. between / among 在之间1.between :指两者之间. 在.之间.2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在之中.You sit _ him and me .The song is popular _ the students.四.after / in 在之后1. after1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.2)after 作介词. after doing sth2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.He came back _ two days .He will go home_finishing his homework .He will come back _ two days . |五.with / in / by 表示 “用”1.with 表示 “用” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官.He cut the apple into halves _ a knife .注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”He came in _ a big smile on his face .2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English ?He wrote a letter _ blue ink .3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法I study for a test _ working with a group .He makes a living _ selling newspapers .注意: 同义词组1).by phone = on the phone2).by car = in a car3).in pen = with a pen = with pens六.across / through / over / by 经过1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Can you swim _ the river ?the elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate .I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence.I walked _ the bank of China yesterday . |七.in front of / in the front of1.in the front of 表示在.内部的前面2.in front of 表示在外面的前面There is a desk in _ front of our classroom .There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.八.其它介词的用法：1.at的其它用法.1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.She is at work now = She is working now .2)at表示 “价格或速度”The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .2.in的其它用法:1)in表示 “在方面”词组:do well in = be good at be weak in2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服3)in作副词, “在家” = at home3.like 的用法:1).像/和一样. 常与系动词连用.词组: look like sound like2).与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”.What is he like ? He is kind .4.off的用法:1).从下来, 脱离某物体.词组: fall off2).“休假”通常放在时间名词之后.词组: have +时间+ offHe hasnt had a night off for two hours .5.except / besides1).except 除了.之外, 都. . 不包括在范围之内.注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也没有.2).besdies除了之外,还有 . 包括在范围之内.We all went swimming _ Lucy .There is _ a letter in the box .We study Japanese and French_ English .6.with / without1).with具有,含有 -反义词: without 没有 词组: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks towithout ones help2).without 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物B).without + doing sth .He left here without_(say ) “Goodbye”to usC). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live _ _ . |7.on the tree /in the treeon the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.There are some apples _ the tree .There is a boy _ the tree.8.since / for注: since / for 用于现在完成时.1).since :a).since +时间点b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时c).since +一段时间+ ago.2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago9.be made +介词的区别:be made of 由制成 (看得见原材料)be made from由制成 (看不见原材料)be made in +地点 由哪儿生产be made by sb. 由某人制造10.表示 “数量的介词”about , round around over1). about , round around表示 “大约”2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.11.inside / outsideInside 在里面 -反义词:outside在.外面12.in the wall /on the wallin the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”九.不用介词的情况:1).当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.What are you going to do tonight ?2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语.He went to Wuhan last week .3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词.He has worked all day .4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2）since, after由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.3）in, afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.2）over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teachers desk.3）across, throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.The boy swam across the river.They walked through the forest.I pushed through the crowds.4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.ExercisesI. 用适当的介词填空。1.Im sorry I cant say it _Chinese.2.Do you usually go to school _bike?3.Look, the farmer is carrying apples _a truck.4.Is anyone _home?5.Please look _my bird when Im away.6.Are Jim and Li Lei_the same class?7.There is a hole _the wall.8._the beginning of this term, I met my new friend, Jim .9.There are a few leaves _the tree.10.The girl_the red coat is my sister.11.Could you give an orange_me?12.Its time to go _bed.13.I can see a bottle _orange.14.Put the basket _there.15.Whats wrong_your watch?16.One _the students is in the classroom. 17.I think the shop is closed _this time of day.18.My father teaches English _a school.19.We have lunch _the middle of the day.20.You can buy some school things_your way home.21.I was born _ July 1st, 1982 .22.May I borrow a pencil _you?23.Dont sleep _the open air.24.I often help my mother_the housework.25.Its time_school.26.I have quite a lot _homework to do.27.Whats the time ? Its half _ five.28.Ducks are good _ swimming.29.What are you talking _?30.He is sitting_the front of the car.31.The eraser was passed _one student _another.32.Did you live _Beijing in 1997?33.When did you arrive _ the village?34.I think Mary is _duty today.35.Eating too much isnt good_ your health.36.Im afraid he is _the cinema _ the moment.37.Thanks _asking me to your party.38.My watch is very different_yours.39.Whats the weather _today?40.The student is asking his teacher_the sports meeting.II.选择填空。( )41. _ the money, she bought a new coat _ her father.A. With, for B. With, to C. For, with D. To, with ( )42. The beautiful bottle was made _ glass.A. from B. in C. of D. by ( )43. This is a map_China.A. in B. at C. of D. on ( )44. A group_ boys and girls are dancing in the park.A. with B. of C. for D. to( )45. Tom always comes late_school.A. at B. inside C. to D. for ( )46. Mr. Smith caught hold_ Bob and said, This is a good lesson_ you.A. of, for B. for, of C. of, of D. for; for ( )47. The shop_ clothes is _the right side _ the street.A. of, at, beside B. for, on, at C. for, on, of D. of, in, of ( )48 .Its hot_summer in Beijing .A .byB .on C .atD .in( )49 .China is famous _ her Great Wall .A .asB .for C .toD .of ( )50 .These knives are made _metal and wood .A .fromB .of C .byD .in( )51 .My father returned at 10 oclock_ of June 15.A .in the nightB .by the night C .on the night D .at night( )52 ._your help, we finished the work on time.A .ThanksB .Thanks ofC .Thank forD .Thanks to( )53. China built a Great Wall_the northern part _the country.A. to, inB. across, ofC. across, onD. at, of( )54. He often mistakes me _my brother.A .toB .asC .forD .with( )55. The woman_a red dress is my aunt.A .inB .atC .ofD .on( )56. I remember Susan left_a very cold morning of January.A .inB .onC .atD .from( )57. Thank you very much _lending the eraser _me.A. for, atB. to, toC. for, toD. to, for( )58. Dont tell anybody about it .Keep it_you and me.A .amongB .between C .in D .with( )59. I enjoy reading, but I cant _much time _it.A. spend, onB. pay, inC. take, inD. cost, on( )60. No one can stop her _ leaving for Shanghai.A .ofB .fromC .toD .for参考答案 介 词1 .in 2 .by 3 .with 4 .at 5 .after 6 .in 7 .in 8 .At 9 .on 10 .in 11 .to 12 .to 13 .of 14 .over 15 .With 16 .of 17 .at 18 .in 19 .in 20 .on 21 .on 22 .from 23 .in 24 .with 25 .for 26 .of 27 .past 28 .at 29 .about 30 .in 31 .from ,to 32 .in 33 .at 34 .on 35 .for 36 .at ,at 37 .for 38 .from 39 .like 40 .about 41-45 ACCBC 46-50 ACDBB 51-55 CDBCA 56-60 BCBAB【介词测试】1. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile_ her face.A. on B. to C. in D. a2. -Its very important us to make a plan before a new term? -Yes. You must try to make it carefully.?A. of B. for C. to?3. Its very kind _you.Thank you for your helpA.of B.for C.to D.on4. All of us went to the park_Bob.He had to look after his sister.A.besides B.with C.except5. -Well have a hiking trip,but when shall we meet? -Lets make it _half past eight _the morning of June 21.A.at;in B./;on C./;in6. The little elephant is afraid to go alone.He always walks _his mother.A.beside B.behind C.below D.under7. Marie Curie,the first woman to win the Nobel Prize,was born _November,1867,in the city of Warsaw in Poland.A.at B.on C.in D.to8. The famous actor often plays _his children in the park.A.about B.in C.at D.with9. - Peter,can you tell me the differences_the four words?-Sorry,I dont know.A. between B. among C. for10. -Frank,when will the short meeting begin?-You should come _2:30 .If you come 10 minutes _that time ,the meeting will be over. A.at;before B.at;after C.after;before11. -I joined the League _May,2008 .What about you?-Ive been a League member _three years.A.in;for B.on;in C.on;for D.in;since12. Mr Black is strongly _keeping animals in the zoo,because he thinks amimals should also have the right to enjoy freedom. A.up B.for C.against D.down13. My uncle has gone to Singapore. He will be_in a week. A. out B. off C. back14. This kind of dress is_this year, and I reaiiy want to get oneA. in danger B. in trouble C. in style15. If you try to sit on two chairs，you will fall _them .For life，you must choose one chair.A between B under C among D into16. Dont forget _an umbrella _you.Its going to rain.A.to take;to B.taking;to C.to take;with D.taking;with17. While I was standing _the window,I saw several boys running _the street.A.at;along B.on;at C.in;on D.to;in18. The Olympic Games was beld _August 8,2008 in Beijing.A.on B.in C.at D.to19. The weather here is very hot_summer.A.at B.on C.in D.of20. He ran very fast _he could catch up with others.A.in order that B.in order to C.so as to D.in order21. -When did the Shanghai Expo open?-_May 1st, 2010.A.In B.On C.At D.By22. The car accident happened _ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt.A. in B. on C. at D. of23. -When was Michael Phelps born? -He as born _June,1985.A.in B.on C.at24. Li Yan is my best friend. She comes _ a small village.A. on B. with C. of D. from25. - Were all here _ Lily . Wheres she ?- Shes gone to the library .A. beside B. besides C. except D. of26. Some volunteers from Beijing arrived in Shanghai _ April 29 to work for the World Expo.A. on B. at C. of D. to27. China lies the east of Asia.A. in B. on C. To D. of28. -How beautiful the Christmas card is!-Yes,its _my cousin.I received it this morning.A.from B.to C.for29. Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so were proud _them.A.in B.on C.of D.for30. -Would you like some coffee?-Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee _ milk.A. with B. to C. of D. on31. My brother is two metres in height.Its very difficult to find clothes big enough _ him.A.about B.at C.with D.for32. Liu Xiang came third _ the 110-meter-hurdle race last month in Shanghai.A.in B.from C.across D.through33. The Gulf of Mexico(墨西哥湾) is being polluted seriously. That has affected _ several hundred kinds of sea animals there. A. at least B. at once C. at birth D. at times34. The plane will take off _ three hours. I must get to the airport right now.A. in B. for C. on D. at35. The World Table Tennis Championship began the morning of May 25, 2010 Moscow, Russia.A. Fifty; in; in B. Fiftieth; on; in C. Fiftieth; in; on D. Fifty; on; in36. _ a terrible rainy night, many farmers houses were destroyed.A. In B. For C. On D. At37. Remember to spend some time _ your loved ones, because theyre not going to be around forever.A. from B. with C. in D. on38. Youd better not always look up the new words _ the dictionary while reading. Sometimes we need to guess.A. in B. on C. at D. from39. _the afternoon of April 30th,many foreign visitors arrived_Shanghai.A.In;at B.On;in C.On;to40. Mr. Yangs daughter is pretty good _ drawing pictures and won many prizes.A. with B. for C. in D. at41. The earthquake which happened in Yushu_ 14th April 2010 was a big disaster.A.at B.on C.in D.to42. People _the southwest of China were in great need of water a couple of months ago.A. in B. at C. to D. on43. The famous writer Willian Shakepeare was born 1564.A. in B. on C at .D of44. If you get on well your classmates, youll enjoy your school life more.A. to B. at C. with D. in【介&连课后作业】1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. -Youd better not go out now. Its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? -I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English. A. eitheror B. not only but also C. neithernor D. bothor 12. We didnt catch the train _ we left late. A. so B. because C. but D. though 13. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much. A. if B. so C. though D. as 14. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until 15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before 16. -This dress was last years style. -I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 17. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or 18. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top. A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto 19. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xian? -Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if 20. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help. A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since 二. 用适当的介词填空 1. -How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? -Im going there _ my car. 2. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Zhonglou Restaurant. 3. Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake. 4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. 5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital _ March, 25th? 6. We all agree _ you. Lets start at once. 7. There is a big shop _ the other side of the road. 8. -Which necklace have you lost? -The one you gave me _ my birthday. 9. You should take more exercise. Its good _ your health. 10. It is clear that fish cannot live _ water. 三. 用适当的连词填空 1. _ they are brothers, they dont look like each other at all. 2. The dress was very expensive, _ I didnt buy it. 3. -Do you know _ I could pass the