2012年高考英语《情态动词和虚拟语气》教案.doc

情态动词和虚拟语气教案一、教学目标1、情态动词的常见考点；2、虚拟语气的常见考点。二、教学重难点1、教学重点：情态动词的常见考点；虚拟语气的常见考点。2、教学难点：虚拟语气的常见考点。三、教学过程（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）1、情态动词的常见考点都有哪些？ 2、虚拟语气的常见考点都有哪些？（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）情态动词与虚拟语气是高中语法学习的难点和重点。高考英语完成句子对情态动词的考查主要涉及常见情态动词的基本用法，特别侧重于情态动词表推测的用法和特殊结构中情态动词的应用。高考完成句子对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气，宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用，交际用语中为表委婉而使用的虚拟语气，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。五年高考已考测试点：情态动词与完成式；宾语从句、同位语从句、条件句中的虚拟语气；情态动词的推测功能；should/can等情态动词的基本用法。1、情态动词的常见考点都有哪些？ 考点一情态动词与完成式 “情态动词have过去分词 ”结构是情态动词专项考查的难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构：must have done 过去一定做了某事cant/couldnt have done 过去不可能做了某事may/might have done 过去可能做了某事neednt have done本来没有必要做而实际做了某事could have done本来能够做而实际没有做某事should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际没有做某事shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本来不该做而实际做了某事考点二情态动词的推测功能 can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点： 注意语气。语气较强用must, cannot，couldnt；语气较弱may，might或can，could; 注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用may，might，must；在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could； 注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词 动词原形”结构；表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词进行式”结构；表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词完成式”结构。考点三 shall的三种用法 表说话人的意图。在陈述句中主语是第二三人称，表说话者给对方的承诺决心警告、威胁等。征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求时，主语为第一、三人称的疑问句。表示强制。用于法令条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。考点四一些情态动词的特殊用法 1.cannot(never等否定词)toocannotadj./adv. enough 再也不为过cant (help/choose) but do 只好做/不得不做cant help (to) do不能帮忙做cant help doing情不自禁做cant/couldnt agree more 十分赞成it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好2. may 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 may well完全能，很可能=to be very likely to might/ may as well最好，满可以，倒不如，还是的好3. must有时表示 “偏要，偏偏”， 也可作名词，意为“必须做的事情”。4. should可作“竟然、万一”解。Why/How+should结构表说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等，意为“竟会”。5.dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件句中，过去式为dared；作行为动词时，dare用于疑问句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。2、虚拟语气的常见考点都有哪些？考点一虚拟语气的基本用法 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语should/would/could动词原形其他成分if主语动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)其他成分。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语should/would/couldhave done其他成分if主语动词的过去完成时其他成分。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语should/would/could动词原形其他成分if主语动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do其他成分。考点二含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/with/without/but/or/otherwise等介词、副词、连词等等引导的句子来代替。考点三主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。考点四名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。考点五wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气wish，would rather引导的宾语从句及if only所引导的从句，须用虚拟语气，即从句用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在或将来的事实不符；从句用过去完成时，表示与过去事实不符。（三）方法列举（List methods）1、虚拟语气考点一 虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，例如：If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，例如：If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it _ all day. A. rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，例如：If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to考点二 含蓄虚拟条件句 Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B.could have managed C. could managed D.can have managed考点三 主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall考点四 名词性从句中的虚拟语气Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D. should not send;what考点五 wish/if only/would rather从句中 的虚拟语气Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A. followed B.would follow C. had followed D.should follow2、情态动词考点一 情态动词基本含义的考查 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. couldWhen can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. needYou cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _be so rude to a lady . A. might B. need C. should D. would考点二 情态动词表示推测的考查 Sorry, Im late. I_have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. willMy sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedMr. Bush is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. mustI heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? It _true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be考点三 情态动词表示虚拟的考查 There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to haveI was really anxious about you. You _home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leaveOh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat考点四 情态动词与助动词混合考查Tom ,you didnt come to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldntYour phone number again? I_quite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1、【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.will B.can C.must D.should【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。2、【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside. A. can B. should C. must D. may【答案】C【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。3、【2011北京卷,24】I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not【答案】D【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasnt certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。4、【2011北京卷,28】Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】A【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。5、【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【答案】C【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。6、【2011天津卷,15】I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【答案】D【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。7、【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just _ go out of their homes to contact the real world. A. mustntB. wontC. mightntD. shouldnt【答案】B【考点】考查情态动词的用法。【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustnt禁止，不允许；wont不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightnt可能不；shouldnt不应该。根据句意选B。8、【2011江苏卷,34】I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen【答案】B【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。【解析】句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。（五）小结（六）课后作业1、复习一遍课堂摘记。2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习。3、复习情态动词的常见考点和虚拟语气的常见考点。