初中英语词汇考查的常见方法.doc

初中英语词汇考查的常见方法 掌握一定量的词汇是学好英语的基础，九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲要求，三年掌握600多个常用词和200多个词语、词组，理解500个左右的单词及相关的词语，固定搭配。 纵观近几年全国各地的中考试卷，词汇试题约占15%左右，考查方法有下列几种：一、同音类： 1、同音异形词： whole holeweek weak weather whether where wear piece peace meet meat right write no know to too two 2、同音同形异义或异性（词性）词： watch n.手表 v.观察 miss n.小姐 v.想念，没赶上，没打着 light a.轻的，亮的 v.点燃 n.灯光 May n.五月 may aux.可以 bank n.河岸、银行 3、同音变形词： arent aunt through threw son sun father farther new knew nose knows ones once one won 4、同音由普通n.转为表示姓氏的专有n.（由小写转为大写）： white White brown Brown green Green black Black hill Hill二、写形类： 注意： 1、不发音的字母： listen guess climb comb whistle build autumn neighbour 2、并列的相同辅音： common opposite traffic butter lesson satellite accident cabbage cotton sunny message carrot mutton appear programme terrible 3、形异音同的字母组合： 如：ea ee ei ie ey 均可发 音 leaf agree receive piece field key 4、形同音异的字母组合： 如：ea 可有 等发音 meat forehead pleasure weather break great real theatre 5、注意r音节：如：air ire ear ure oar等 hair fire near wear sure board 6、注意发音不规则，难记忆的单词： 如：foreign delicious trousers language breakfast February Wednesday trouble straight library science mountain modern medicine knowledge engineer-ful-ly 7、词形转换： a. adv. n. a. brave bravely use useful quick quickly help helpful slow slowly care careful-y-ment v. n. n. a.move movement weight weighty sun sunny-er wind windy v. n. cloud cloudy work worker sleep sleepy 语法变化： A名词数的变化： photo, radio, piano直接+s构成复数 tomato tomatoes toy toys factory factories knife knives leaf leaves roof roofs tooth teeth woman women deer deer sheep sheep German Germans woman-doctor women-doctors passer-by passers-by B形容词、副词比较等级的变化： few fewer fewest bad/badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest good/well better best many/much more most little less least big bigger biggest red redder reddest happy happier happiest slowly more slowly most slowlyquickly more quickly most quicklyearly earlier earliest busy busier busiestC代词格的变化：he him his his himself she her her hers herself they them their theirs themselvesD动词人称、时态、语态的变化：have has had had havingdie dies died died dyingbegin begins began begun beginningbreak breaks broke broken breakingcast casts cast cast casting三、释义类： 1、按义拼词： r to keep in mind, not forget m a game between two people or two teams 2、按词释义： twice = two times people = many persons agree = to say yes / have the same idea 3、按义配义： look after take care of by plane by air enjoy oneself have a good time nearly almost perhaps maybe no longer not any more 4、否定释义： cheap not expensive dirty not clean dangerous not safe easy not difficult different not the same 5、常识释义： century 100 years London the capital of England summer the season between spring and autumn四、译义类：英汉互译，常考查词组，完成汉语翻译。 1、名词短语： relay race Womens Day a waste of time post office league match field trip the high jump the long jump the starting line 2、介词短语： as usual in trouble in danger on top of on duty in time in front ofin the front of on ones way to for exampleat timeson show on the earth at the age offrom now on at the same timeat the foot ofin surprise in a minute 3、动词短语： agree with sb.arrive in sp.(at sp.)be afraid ofbe angry with sb.be busy doingcatch a coldcatch up withchange ones mindcome alongcome rounddress upfall asleepfall overget on with sb. hear from sb.hear of sb.help sb. with sth.hold onhurry offhurry upknock at /onlook upmake suremake a mistakemove awayoperate on sb.play withpay forpoint to be polite to sb.prefer sth. to sth.sell outsend forsend upstopfrom(doing)take ones timethink aboutwear outbe late forcome out花开、发芽go hikinggiven name/ first namesay goodbye totrip over(被)绊倒take a seatbe famous fortake exercisequarrel withthrow aboutlaugh at sb.be fed up withbe tired ofset off make room forlook outtake ones placecome to oneselfjump the queue五、用义类： 一般提供语言环境，按句义填字，应具一定的词义知识。 如：Today is Tuesday. The day after tomorrow is Thursday .六、练习题： 1“Help (you)to some pears.” Joan said to her friends. 2. Mary did (badly) in this exam than Jack. 3. Tom found that he became more and more (interest) in that book. 4. Dont jump the q at the bus stop. 5. I answered all the questions e the third one. 6. He says that he wont be back u next week. 7. 10th is Teachers Day. 8. Macao had been taken back by China at the end of century. 9. Mr.Green is a very man. He always has a lot of work to do.10. At that time they were playing (高兴) on the playground.11. The elephant is much (强壮) than the pandas.12. These steps are quite wide, but those are rather .13. Its raining heavily. Youd better not go out. A.hardly B.hard C.big D.heavy14. I reached the museum at 9:30 this morning. A.arrived B.went to C.got D.got to