2011年职称英语综合类C级近义词组汇总.doc

2011年职称英语综合类C级近义词组汇总notion concept idea 概念characteristic feature 特征be characteristic of be typical of 是.所特有的difficult hard tough 困难的area field 领域area region 区域final last 最后的diploma certificate 证书pleasing satisfactory 令人满意的wish hope 希望massive extensive a mass of - plentiful大量的conference meeting 会议close intimate - near 亲密的link connect 连接explore investigate 调查propose suggest advise - recommend 建议cater for meet satisfy 满足provide supply furnish 提供unite combine join 联合， 合并come across run into meet 遇到appealing attractive -fascinating 吸引人的appeal to - tempt attract fascinate (A 级) 吸引instruct teach 教授(课程)private personal 私人的vanish disappear 消失phase stage 阶段pattern mode 模式， 式样destroy ruin 毁灭facilitate (A 级) help assist 有助于manufacture make produce turn out 制造， 生产 prior to before 在之前for good forever 永远be anxious to do -be eager to do-be keen to .渴望write down put down 写下try attempt 努力annoying irritating 讨厌的， 令人生气的boring dull - uninteresting 令人厌烦的seem appear 看起来contented satisfactory satisfied 满意的exhibit show 展示show indicate 表明hate dislike be tired of be sick of 讨厌，不喜欢terrible - awful 可怕的precise accurate exact 精确的concise brief - short 简明的elementary basic primary fundamental 基本的purchase buy 购买deal with cope with handle 应付， 处理forbid - ban 禁止lawful legal 合法的unbelievable incredible 难以置信的diligent hardworking 勤劳的， 刻苦的principal chief - leading- main 主要的，首要的employ hire 雇佣fire dismiss send away 解雇assume suppose 假定on the verge of - close to 接近于, 濒临于gaze at look at stare at 凝视，注视entitled qualified 有资格的employment work job 工作encourage inspire push 鼓励， 激励no longer no more 不再admit acknowledge 承认allow permit 允许state declare announce 宣布，声明regret sorry 遗憾的remove get off 脱下start begin 开始observe - stick to 遵守previous former 以前的maintain hold think 认为cause bring about lead to result in 导致error mistake 错误component ingredient element 成分solve settle 解决(问题)involve include 包括numerous a number of a lot of abundant (B 级) - plentiful 大量的, 丰富的stay remain 保持(用作半系动词)rest break 休息account for explain 解释examination test 测试， 考试examine check up 检查， 核对gain put on 增加put up lift raise 举起put up build construct 建造relieve - lessen 减轻，减少severe serious - bad 严重的severe strict 严厉的sharp acute severe 剧烈的(疼痛)severe hard - tough 艰苦的quit give up abandon 放弃subject topic 话题remarkable exceptional extraordinary great marvelous striking special unusual 显著的polite respectful 有礼貌的politeness good manners 礼貌crazy mad 疯狂的sensible wise 明智的clever intelligent wise bright 聪明的(be) exhausted (be) tired (be) worn out 疲惫believable convincing - credible 可信的original initial 最初的original creative 创造性的competent capable able 有能力的第2部分：阅读判断 （1622题，第题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Plants and MankindBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We dont know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.16 It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned17 People cannot survive without plants.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned18 Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned19 Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrializationA Right B WrongC Not mentioned20 Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned21 People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 year ago.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned22 Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned答案：16. A17. A18. B19. B20. B21. A22. BHerculesOnce upon a time there was a great Greek hero, Hercules. He was taller and stronger than anyone you have ever seen. On his shoulder he carried a club and in his hand he held a bow (弓). He was known as the hero of a hundred adventures.Hercules served a king. The king was afraid of him. So again and again he sent him on difficult tasks. One morning the king sent for him and told him to fetch three golden apples for him from the garden of the Singing Maidens (歌女). But no one knew where the garden was.So Hercules went away. He walked the whole day and the next day and the next. He walked for months before he saw mountains far in the distance one fine morning. One of the mountains was in the shape of a man, with long, long legs and arms and huge shoulders and a huge head. He was holding up the sky. Hercules knew it was Atlas, the Mountain God. So he asked him for help.Atlas answered, My head and arms and shoulders all ache. Could you hold up the sky while I fetch the golden apples for you?Hercules climbed the mountain and shouldered the sky. Soon the sky grew very heavy. When finally Atlas came back with three golden apples, he said, Well, you are going to carry the mountain for ever. Im going to see the king with the apples. Hercules knew that he couldnt fight him because of the sky on his back. So he shouted:Just one minutes help. My shoulders are hurting. Hold the sky for a minute while I make a cushion (垫子) for my shoulders.Atlas believed him. He threw down the apples and held up the sky.Hercules picked up the apples and ran back to see the king.16 Hercules was the tallest man in the world .A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Hercules worked in the kings garden .A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Hercules was given many difficult tasks because the king wanted to get rid of him .A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 Atlas was the giant who held up the sky.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Atlas ran faster than Hercules .A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Atlas got the golden apples for Hercules because he wanted to be the king himself.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Hercules finally managed to get the apples by defeating Atlas .A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned【参考答案】16. A17. C18. A19. A 20. C21. B22. B2010年职称英语综合C类阅读判断考点精华(1)Will Hillary Be the Next American President?Back in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently predicted: “In the next 50 years, we shall see a woman president, perhaps sooner than you think.”Today, not too far off Nixons deadline, America is looking at that possibility. Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency.US polls indicate that Americans feel comfortable with a female president. A New York Times survey found nearly all Americans saying they would vote for president if she were qualified.However, accepting the theoretical notion of a female leader is quite different from voting an actual woman. In fact, there is still widespread distrust of a woman in the top position.This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages their prospects as a presidential contender.“Theres still an inherent nervousness on the part of voters putting a woman in as the ultimate decision-maker. Control of the army and border security are sorts of traditionally male jobs,”commented Amy Walter,an American campaign analyst.“Thats where I think voters consciously or unconsciously have difficulties with women candidates.”Women have held the top job in other major Western countries. In 1979, Britain elected Margaret Thatcher prime minister. Last year, Germany made Angela Merkel its first female chancellor.In the US, no woman has succeeded in being nominated as a presidential candidate.One woman did make the attempt: Elizabeth Dole. In 1999,she tried to get the Republican Party nomination. But Dole could only raise $ 5 million for her bid-compared with the $ 56 million George W.Bush raised.So Barriers lie ahead for Hillary if she wants to make history by becoming the first female US president. With the Iraqi war underway, shell find it even harder.“I dont feel that our society is ready for a woman president. The enemy we face does not respect females the same way we have come to see them as equals. If we were not in this war,I would support a woman president,”said Chris Dildy, a computer engineering student.1.Up to the present, no woman has been elected president in the US.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned2.Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned3.American people will elect a woman president of the United States in 2008.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned4.One of Hillarys campaign promises is to reform the nations health care system.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned5.Germans elected a woman chancellor last year.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned6.Hillary has already raised a large anount of campaign fund.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned7.Chris Dildy will vote for Hillary.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned答案与解析：1.分析文章标题：Will Hillary(希拉里) Be the Next(下一个的) American President(总统)?2.直接解题：1.Up to the present(至今) , no woman has been elected(曾经被选为)president(总统) in the US.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned1.A. 问题句说“迄今为止在美国没有一个女人曾经被选举为总统”。关注文章开头部分的句子，利用问题句中的细节信息词women(女人)和up to the present作为答案线索，在文章中找到答案相关句：(第1段)Back(向后地) in 1969, US President Richard Nixon confidently(充满自信地) predicted(预言): “In the next(下一个)50 years, we shall see (看见)a woman president(总统), perhaps(可能) sooner than you think. ”该句说“1969年， 美国总统Richard Nixon 很有信心地预测： 在下一个50年里, 我们将会看见一个女总统，这或许比你想象的更快些” 。根据该句内容可以推断出在1969年以前美国没有出现过女总统， 而人们期望从1969年到2019年期间美国会出现女总统。 但根据该句内容无法判断出从1969年到2019年期间美国是否出现了女总统， 因此接着关注答案相关句周边的句子。 文章接下来的句子(第2段)说“Today,not too far (太远)off(离开，距离) Nixons deadline(最终期限), America is looking at (正在关注)that possibility(可能性). ”该句说“今天距离Nixon总统给出的最终期限已经不远了，美国人现在正关注这可能性”。相邻语句句意相关， 显然， 定冠词结构“the possibility”指答案相关句中提到的“可能出现美国女总统”。从该句中可以推断出“从1969年到现在为止， 美国还没有出现女总统”。因此问题句提供了正确信息。考点：指示代词结构指代的内容(that possibility)+ 推断能力2.Bill Clinton will strongly(强有力地，坚固地) support(支持) Hillary to run for (竞选)the 2008 presidency(任期， 总统职位).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned2.C. 问题句说“Bill Clinton将强力支持Hillary参加2008年总统选举”。 该题为细节题。利用问题句中的特征词Bill Clinton和2008 presidency 作为答案线索， 在文章中查找到答案相关句：(第2段第2句) Over(在.期间) the weekend(周末), Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife(妻子) of former(以前的) president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布) her run for (竞选)2008 presidency.该句只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子， 而文章的其部分没有再提到Bill Clinton， 由此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。考点：细节信息的查找和确认3.American(美国的) people will elect(选举，选择) a woman president of the United States in 2008.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned3.B. 问题句说“美国人民在2008年将选一位女总统”。 该题为细节题。利用问题句中的特征信息2008作为答案线索，在文章中找到答案相关句：(第2段第2句)Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced(宣布) her run for (竞选)2008 presidency.该句只是提到Hillary宣布她要竞选2008年的总统职位。显然该句内容与问题句内容不相关，因此接着关注答案相关句周边的句子。 文章接下来的句子(第4段)说：However(然而), accepting(接受， 认可) the theoretical(理论的) notion(概念， 观念) of a female(女性的) leader(领导者)is quite(十分， 完全) different from (与.不同)voting(投票选举) an actual(实际的， 真正的) woman. In fact(实事上), there is (有)still(仍然) widespread (普遍的)distrust(不信任) of a woman in the top (顶部的;最高的)position(职位，位置). 该句说“接受女总统这个概念不等同于同意投票选举出一位女总统。 事实上， 人们仍然普遍不相信女人能胜任领袖的职位”。 由此可见问题句提供的信息错误。考点：推断能力。4.One of (.之一)Hillarys campaign (竞选运动)promises(承诺) is to reform(改革) the nations health care system(医疗保健制度).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned4.C. 问题句说“Hillary的一个竞选承诺是改革国家的医疗制度。”该题为细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息health care system(医疗保健制度)作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句(第5段第1句)：This is partly(部分地) due to (因为)the biased(偏见的) thinking(思想) that women are weak(软弱的， 虚弱的) on national security(国家安全), though(尽管) they might be strong(强大的) on education(教育) and health care(医疗保健).该句只是说“女人做教育和医疗方面的工作有优势”， 但没有说Hillary的一个竞选承诺式改革国家的医疗制度，因此问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。考点：细节信息的查找和确认5.Germans(德国人) elected(选择) a woman chancellor(总理， 大臣) last year(去年).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned5.A.问题句说“德国去年选了一个女总理”，利用问题句中的特征词Germans和细节信息词woman chancellor作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句：Last years, Germany made(使成为) Angela Merkel its first female chancellor. 该句说“去年， 德国选举了Angela Merkel为德国第一位女总理”， 因此问题句提供了正确信息。考点：多义词词义的确认。6.Hillary has already raised(已经募集了) a large amount of (大量的)campaign fund(资金).A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned6.C. 问题句说“Hillary 已经筹集到了一大笔竞选款”， 利用问题句中的细节信息campaign fund(竞选款)作为答案线索， 结果发现该词以及与改词词义相近的词语均没有在文章中出现，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。7.Chris Dildy will vote for(投票支持) Hillary.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned7.B. 问题句说“Chris Dildy 要投Hillary的票”。 利用问题句中的特征词Chris Dildy作为答案线索， 在文章中找到答案相关句(文章最后一句)：“If we were not in this war, I would support(支持) a woman president”, said Chris Dildy, a computer(计算机) engineering (工程)student. 该句说“如果我们没有在打这场战争，我会支持选一位女总统”，虚拟语气表示与事实相反， 或事先可能性较小的假设。 因此这句话得实际语义是“我们现在卷入了一场战争之中， 因此我是不会支持女总统的”。由此可见问题句的说法不正确。考点: 虚拟语气。2010年职称英语综合C类阅读判断考点精华(2)The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading - 125 Fahrenheit below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter is about 73 degrees below zero.One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic.This one thing is the low temperature - the killing chill of the far North and the polar South.To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperature.Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and the Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition scientists have discovered that Antarctica may have been much like our own.Explores have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.1. As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. Winter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their notorious coldness.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Polar explorers can stay alive without heaters and windproof shelters.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Despite the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew there.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned1. C。文章的倒数第2段的第2句中提到了expedition scientists，并说南极洲那里的气候曾经一度象我们现在生活的地区的气候那样温和，但并没说道北极也是如此。2. B。线索词及关键词average(平均)。第2段的最后1句中包含average一词，该句说“南极洲冬天的平均温度是零下73度。”，所以该问题句的说法错误。3. B。该问题说“因为南极和北极的严寒，这些地区是无人区。”凭直觉判断这种说法太绝对，应该是错误的。注意：说的绝对的句子一定不正确。在原文中的第3段的段首句说“仅一个原因就使得南极洲和部分的北极地区几乎不可能让人居住。”，依据此也可判断该问题句不正确。4. B。原文第4段的段首句中出现了survive(生存)一词，该句及其紧接的一句说“为了生存，人们必须修建防风屏障。”，凭借此判断该问题句的说法也不正确。5. A. 原文中的第6段中对极地动植物进行了论述，且其表述的含义与问题句一致。6. A。文章第2段的段首句中提到了Antarctica，接着的一句说“南极洲保持着世界的低温记录。”，所以该问题句的说法正确。7. A。文章的最后1段的段首句说“探险者在南极发现了煤。”， 而紧接的一句讲述的正是该问题句所讲述的内容。2010年职称英语综合C类阅读判断考点精华(3)Dining CustomEvery land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6: 30, the hostess expects him to be there at 6: 30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking, she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest can not come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he thinks he can come.As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons besides his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple, however: use them in the order in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do wha