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Unit 1act, ag=to act做，行动，驱使alter改变，转变am, amat=to love爱anger 愤怒，激怒，使发怒 ang, eng=angle角audi=to hear听aug,auc=to increase 增加author 作家，著者band，bond，bind，bound=to bind捆绑，束缚bar=bar横木bat=to beat击打bell=war 战争bio =life生命act 英汉双解v. I to do or behave做事，行动;行为,举止 近behave T，Ito pretend by your behavior假装 +sth/a. 近pretend, assume, simulate T，Ito perform a part in a play or film扮演（戏剧、电影中的）角色 近perform, play Ito perform a particular function;to have an effect on 起作用;有影响 +as/like sth, +on sth 近function，serve, workn. C a particular thing that sb does行为，动作，举动 近action C a law that has been passed by a parliament（议会通过的）法令，法案 相关bill“提交议会讨论、尚未通过的法案” 用单数 insincere behavior in which you pretend to have or be sth装模作样 近pretence C one of the main divisions of a play, a show, etc.（戏剧等的）一幕，一段表演 近performance短语搭配 act on sth: to take action as a result of advice, information, etc.根据（建议、信息等）行事 act sth out: to show how sth happened by pretending to be the people who were involved in it将表演出来 in the act (of sth/doing sth)：while you are doing sth正在（做某事），当场 真题例句1. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.国际会计标准委员会（IASB）表示，不愿意在没有总体规划的情况下有所行动，但在今年晚些时候完成自身规则的重新修订时，其屈服的压力会非常大。（2010阅读Text 4）2. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a oneway mirror.在大气中，二氧化碳起着单面透视镜的作用。(1992阅读Text 2）3. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.而仅仅在那之前十年的弗吉尼亚州，这种行为的实施还要得到立法机关的批准。(2008阅读Text 4) 4. the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act 撒切尔政府广播法案（1996阅读Text 2）5. Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.世界各国政府都依据这样一种假设采取行动，即，本国人民的福利主要依赖于该国经济实力和社会财富。（2000翻译）外刊例句1. “I used to act dumb. It was an act. I am 26 years old, and that act is no longer cute,” Hilton said during the call.希尔顿在电话中说，“我过去常常装哑，这是装模作样，现在我已经26岁了，这样的行为不再可爱了。”（2007 USA Today）2. It acts on the nervous system to lower blood pressure.它对神经系统产生影响，使血压降低。(2006 Times)3. Each young man apparently acted out a scene he had seen in a film. 显然所有年轻人都将他们在电影中看到过的一个情景表演出来。（2003 Newsweek）4. He was caught in the act of fraud.他行骗时被逮个正着。（2003 Time）action 英汉双解n. C, U the process of doing sth, a thing that sb does行动，行为近act, deed, behavior C, U a legal process to decide whether a person or a company has done sth wrong诉讼，起诉 近suit U the events in a story, play, ect; exciting events（故事等的）情节；激动人心的事近plot Uthe effect that one substance, esp. chemical, has on another作用+of sth (on sth)近 effect,function短语搭配 (put sth)into action: to start making it happen or work实行，实施 a piece/slice of the action: a share or role in an interesting or exciting activity, esp. in order to make money插手，参与（尤指为了赚钱）真题例句 1. .suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 建议根据他掌握的事实和道德方面的信息采取恰当的行为（2006翻译）外刊例句1. There should be immediate legal action against the site.应该立刻起诉该网站。（2008 U.S. News）2. The books of thriller writers demand plenty of action.惊悚作家的作品要求情节曲折离奇。(2008 Economist）3. Ozone is formed by the action of sunlight on two kinds of pollutants.臭氧是两种污染物在阳光的作用下而产生的。（2008 The New York Times）4. Its latest profit warning is due to the fact that the company has not been able to put its restructuring plan into action in France.这家公司最近发布盈利警告是因为它没能在法国实施其重组计划。（2007 International Herald Tribune）5. With travel and social networkingtwo of the webs hottest and most profitable properties, investors soon will get a piece of the action.对于网络中旅游和社交这两大热门的盈利板块，投资者很快会插一手捞好处。(2007 The Guardian)activate英汉双解v.T to make sth such as a device or chemical process start working使活动，激活近trigger真题例句 1. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system.兴奋剂最初加速或激活中枢神经系统。（1997阅读Text 3）active英汉双解a. always busy doing sth, involved in activity忙碌的，活跃的，积极的近dynamic, energetic,vigorous lively and full of ideas（思想上）充满活力的 operating in a way that is normal or expected起作用的近functioning词汇扩充 actively ad. 积极地，活跃地 activist n. 积极分子，活跃分子真题例句 1. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want 应当组织各种各样的活动，以便让参加者保持活跃。（2003知识运用）2. The brain is as active during REM sleep. as it is when fully awake.快速动眼睡眠中大脑和完全清醒时一样起作用。（2005阅读Text 3）外刊例句1. These books explore and promote an active imagination, a needed asset in todays world of television and video games.这些书探讨并激发人们活跃的想象力，这在充斥着电视节目和视频游戏的今天，是人们急需的财富。(2005 U.S. News)activity英汉双解n. C，常用复数 sth that you do for interest or pleasure or to achieve a particular aim（为了兴趣或特定目的进行的）活动近exercise U a situation in which a lot of things are happening or being done 活动，活跃，热闹真题例句 1. .enables the casino to track the user s gambling activities使赌场可以跟踪记录持卡者的赌博活动（2006阅读part B）2. .small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots 被地质学家称为热点的互不相连的小火山活动区(1998阅读Text 5) actual 英汉双解a. 一般用于名词前 used to emphasize sth that is real or exists in fact真实的，实际的近real, true, authentic used to emphasize the most important part of sth (强调事实最重要的部分)真正的本身词汇扩充 actually ad.（用于强调事实）的确，事实上；（表示想法与事实不一致而惊奇）居然，竟然 actuality n. U真实，实际；C真实情况，实际情况真题例句 1. The mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.只要在另一房间里出现了葡萄（即使并不真的有猴子吃它），都足以引起雌卷尾猴的怨恨。（2005阅读Text 1）2. These intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以有意识地加以控制，以帮助我们更好地睡眠和感觉。（2005阅读Text 3）3. .some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections.一些以前被认为不是由细菌引起的疾病竟然也是传染病。（2008知识运用）外刊例句 1. Fourteen years elapsed between preparation and completion, but the actual construction took only about three years. 从准备到完成共延续了十四年时间，而建造本身只花费了约三年时间。(2005 Topos)agency 英汉双解 a business that provides information about other businesses and their products, or that provides a particular service服务机构，（尤指）代理机构，经销机构 a government department that provides a particular service（政府的）专门机构近branch, department 短语搭配 through the agency of: as a result of the action of sb/sth由于的作用真题例句 1. Manpower Inc., with 560 000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. 拥有56万雇员的劳务公司是全球最大的临时就业中介机构。（1997知识运用）2. a national drug agency一个国家药物机构（2005阅读Part B）外刊例句1. the frosted matter being transported to lakes through the agency of floating ice这些通过浮冰作用进入湖中的结霜物质（2008 Nature）agenda adenda英汉双解n. a list of items to be discussed at a meeting（会议的）议程表，议事日程on+ an organized plan for matters to be attended to 日常工作事项; 工作计划真题例句 1. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda-to lure us to open our wallets-they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. 我们的杂志刊登满面春风的名人和美满幸福的家庭。由于这样的信息都有一项任务诱使我们打开钱包从而使“快乐”的概念本身显得虚假。（2006 阅读Text 4）外刊例句 1. The next item on the agenda is the publicity budget.议程表上的下一项是宣传预算。 （Dictionary）agent 英汉双解n. a person whose job is to act for or manage the affairs of other people代理人，经纪人近deputy a person or thing that has an important effect on a situation对事态起重要作用的人、事物近factor 真题例句 1. the sites “personal search agent” 网站上的“个人搜索代理”（2004阅读Text 1）2. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.因为大部分差异是由基因引起的，所以进化的又一个因素消失了。（2000阅读Text 2）agitate 英汉双解v. Tto shake or stir a liquid quickly搅动，摇动（液体等）近stir I to argue strongly for sth you want激烈争论，鼓动，煽动+for/against sth T to make sb feel angry, anxious or nervous使激动，使不安，激怒近irritate, upset 词汇扩充 agitation n. 搅动，摇动；骚动，煽动；焦虑不安，烦乱 agitator n. 煽动者，鼓动者 agitated a.焦虑不安的，激动的 外刊例句 1.A number of MPs have started to agitate for a national strategy to be charted for the labour question, based on targets for reducing reliance on expatriates. 一些议员鼓吹建立有关劳工的国家策略以减少对于侨民的依赖。(2008 Economist)2. It appeared to have agitated him, yet he stayed focus on the truth of the entire matter.这似乎已经激怒了他，但他仍然把注意力集中在整个事件的真相上。（2008 International Herald Tribune）exact英汉双解v.T to demand and get sth from sb by using threats, force, etc.要求，索取，强求+sth (from sb)近levy a. (of sth) correct in every detail; (of sb) very careful and thorough in what they do（事物）精确的，确切的；（人）严格的，严谨的近precise, accurate 词义串联 强求(exact)某人做得很精确（exact）词汇扩充 exactly ad. 精确地，确切地；（要求得到更多信息）究竟，到底；（答语，表示赞同或强调正确）一点不错，完全正确 exacting a. 要求严格的 exactitude n. U 精确性，准确性真题例句 1. .all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations.对一切现象进行思索并给以精确解释。（1993翻译）外刊例句1. Reid also believes that the county must exact more concessions from developers. 瑞德认为郡政府必须迫使开发商作出更多的让步。（2007 The Washington Post）interact英汉双解v.I to have an effect on each other相互作用，相互影响+with近interplay to communicate with sb相互交流，沟通，合作+with词汇扩充 interaction n.相互作用，相互影响；互动+with/between interactive a. 相互影响的，互动的；人机对话的，交互式的真题例句 1. With the exception of celebrities like Oprah Winfrey - whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence - even the most influential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others. 除了像奥普拉温弗瑞这样的名人她的庞大存在感主要是媒体影响，而不是人际影响的作用即使是某个群体中最有影响力的成员也不会同那么多的其他人相互交往。（2010阅读Text 3）2. .they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.他们受别人影响而学会了犯罪。（2004知识运用）3. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then Emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.其特点是互动性，这样访问者可敲入一些和工作标准相关的关键词，如：地点、职位和薪水等等，然后当资料库里贴出了相匹配的职位时，“代理”就会把这些信息用电子邮件发出去。（2004阅读Text 1）外刊例句 1. social and economic factors interacting to produce a recession社会因素与经济因素相互作用造成经济衰退（Dictionary）react英汉双解v.I to change or behave in a particular way as a result of or in response to sth（对）作出反应，回应+(to sth) (by doing sth)近respond to show dislike or opposition in response to sth反对，反抗+against sb/sth近rebel 词汇扩充 reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒，反对，反动 reactive a. 反应的,回应的（而不是原发的） reactor n. 核反应堆真题例句1. The judges on the Federal Circuit are reacting to the antipatent trend at the Supreme Court, 联邦巡回法院的法官们正在“对最高法院的反专利趋势作出反应”（2010阅读Text 2）2. .in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline在美国，这种趋势一开始是对经济衰落所做出的一种反应（2001阅读Text 5）外刊例句 1. Look back to moments of rebellion when young people reacted against the established ideas.回顾年轻人抗拒固有观念的叛逆时期。（2006 The New York Times）transaction英汉双解n. C a business deal交易，业务，买卖+(between A and B)近deal U the process of doing business（业务等的）办理，执行+ of sth词汇扩充 transact v.（与人或组织）做业务，做交易+(sth)(with sb)真题例句 1. That ruling produced an explosion in businessmethod patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.这项裁决带来了商业方法专利归档记录的爆炸式增长，起初是新兴网络公司试图获得对特定在线贸易的独占权。（2010阅读Text 2）外刊例句1. Emails sent and received by the employees are considered public records if they contain information related to the transaction of public business.职员发送或接收的邮件如果含有与处理公共事务相关的信息，就被视为公共记录。（2007 The Washington Post）alter（键盘上的Alt转换键转变，改变）ate形容词词尾，“有的，充满的”alternate a. 交替的；间隔的；可替代的ive形容词和名词词尾，“有作用的（人或物）” alternative a.可替代使用的 n. 可供选择的事物alter()英汉双解v.I，T to change or make sb / sth change（使）改变，更改，改动 近change, vary, modify 词汇扩充 alterable a. 可变的，可改的 alteration n. C, U改变，变化真题例句 1.An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers behaviour by itself.意识到自己成为实验对象本身似乎就足以改变工人的行为。（2010知识运用）alternaternt; 英汉双解 a. 一般用于名词前 happening one after the other in a repeated pattern轮流的，交替的近intermittent happening on one of every two days, months, etc.间隔的近every other used instead of the one that was intended to be used可替代的，其他的 近interchangeablev.T，I to (make things or people) follow one after the other in a repeated pattern(使)轮流，交替 +A and B, +A with B, + with sth, + between A and B 近rotate词汇扩充 alternation n.交替，轮流 alternately ad. 交替地真题例句 1. .the average person will automatically set out on the bestknown and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses. 普通人会自动踏上一条最为人熟悉、显然最简单的路径。创新者则探寻另外不同的道路。（1994阅读Text 5）外刊例句1. The weather had been unsettled throughout the day with alternate rain and sunshine. 整个一天的天气很不稳定，时而下雨时而晴。（2002 The New York Times）2. Children may shuttle from one divorced parent to another on alternate weekends.孩子们隔周末往返于离异的双亲间。（2005 The Christian Science Monitor）3. Students alternate academic semesters with coop semesters to gain communicationsrelated experience.学生们交替度过学期和带薪实习期以获得沟通方面的经验。（2001 Readers Digest）4. Since 1895, the media has alternated between global cooling and warming scares. 从1895年开始，媒体在全球变冷和全球变暖的恐慌中游移。(2006 Economist)alternative 英汉双解a. 仅用于名词前 (of one or more things) available or usable instead of another可替代使用的；其他的近interchangeable, alternate different from what is usual, expected, or traditional另类的，非正统的 近unorthodoxn. C sth that you can choose to do or use out of two or more possibilities可供选择的事物+to 近choice，substitute词汇扩充 alternatively ad.（引出第二种选择或可能的建议）要不，或者 真题例句 1. .abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活教条，转而选择另外一种“放慢生活节奏”的做法所带来的回报，比金钱和社会地位更有价值。(2001阅读 Text 1)2 They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.他们往往把钱包捂得更紧了，将在家就餐看作是一种切合实际的选择。（2010阅读Part B）3. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 如果你在和经理们交谈，你就可以评论他们的秘书的工作缺乏条理；或者，如果你在同秘书们交谈，你就可以评论他们毫无章法的老板。（2002阅读Text 1）外刊例句1.High prices for oil and natural gas are leading automakers to seek alternative energy solutions, but its going to take years. 石油和天然气的高昂价格迫使汽车制造商寻求替代型（即非传统类型的）能源来作为解决办法，但是这一过程可能得花很长时间。(2008 Businessweek)amateur()英汉双解n.C 业余爱好者近fancier(反professional) 尤贬义 外行，生手近greenhanda. 业余（爱好）的，非职业的 近nonprofessional 外行的，生手的 近unaccomplished，unskilled词汇扩充 amateurism n. 业余性，非职业的作为 amateurish a. 尤贬外行的，生手的 真题例句 1.No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science. 在科学领域内，专业人员与业余人员之间没有绝对的区分。(2001阅读Text 1) 2. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 而且，业余音乐评论的传统已经迅速走向衰落。（2010阅读Text 1）amiable 英汉双解a. 和蔼可亲的，亲切友好的 近agreeable，goodtempered，gentle词汇扩充 amiably ad. 和蔼可亲地，亲切地 amiability n.和蔼可亲，亲切，友善外刊例句1. Only once in the entire film does the father speak in an amiable tone of voice to his son.整个电影中父亲只有一次用亲切的声调对儿子说话。（2001 Time）anger n. 愤怒 v. 激怒，使发怒 y形容词词尾，“充满的”angry a. 愤怒的，生气的ish可看作finish“完成”，愤怒（anger）结束（finish）之后是极度痛苦anguish n. 痛苦ety=ty抽象名词词尾，愤怒（anger）往往源于焦虑不安或极度渴望anxiety n. 焦虑; 渴望anguish英汉双解n. U mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry(精神或身体上的)极度痛苦近pain，agony，misery，torment 词汇扩充 anguished a.痛苦的, 苦恼的外刊例句1. As soon as he started his speech, his inner anguish started flowing.当他开始演讲时，他内心的痛苦便开始流淌。（2006 Economist）anxiety 英汉双解n. C,U the feeling of being very worried about sth 焦虑，不安，担心+about/over 近worry， nervousness, concern, distress C sth that makes you worry 使人焦虑的事情近 trouble U a feeling of wanting to do sth very much but being worried that you will not succeed渴望，热望+to do, +for sth 近eagerness, desire词汇扩充 anxious ous形容词词尾，“充满的” a. 焦虑的，担心的；急于(得到)的，渴望的 真题例句1. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased peoples anxiety. 恐怖主义、经济不确定及通常的不安全感都增加了人们的焦虑。(2005阅读Text 3) 外刊例句1. Sometimes they only understand it once they have children of their own. The bittersweet joys and anxieties of parenthood are as unique as they are universal.有时只有当自己有了孩子之后才能理解这些事情。让做父母的人感到快乐与烦恼的事情既有相似又有不同。(2004 Suite)2. Behind her calm words, however, lies the anxiety to right the injustice.然而在她平静的言语背后是渴望消除不公正现象的急切心情。（2006 Newsweek）England最初的含义是“钩形半岛”，因为不列颠岛上的盎格鲁人（Angles）来自今日德国西北部的一个钩形半岛。English的同源词都暗含“钩，弯曲”的意思。弯折，呈角度1. angle n. 角度 用来固定船只的弯钩状物体2. anchor n.锚脚与腿的弯曲处3. ankle n. 脚腕，脚踝anchor()英汉双解n. 锚 a person or thing that gives sb a feeling of safety给人以安全感的人（或物），精神支柱，顶梁柱近support （电视、广播节目的）主持人v. I抛锚，下锚 T常用被动 to fix sth firmly in position so that it cannot move使固定，系牢 近fix, fasten T 常用被动 to firmly base sth on sth else使扎根，使基于 +sb/sth (in/to sth) 近be grounded in/on, be based on T 主持（电视、广播节目） 词汇扩充 anchorperson/anchorman/anchorwoman n.（电视、广播节目的）主持人 anchorage n. 停泊处;固定处 真题例句 1. Fastfood eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.快餐食客、新闻主播、收发短信者，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。（2006阅读Text 4）2. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. 位于地球更深处的热点提供了解决该问题所需要的测量仪器。（1998阅读 Text 5）外刊例句 1. Rather than viewed as mere movable property of their husbands, they were valued as the anchor of the family unit.她们没有仅仅被看作其丈夫的动产，而是被视为家庭单位的顶梁柱。（2000 African Business）2. This pride is anchored in a set of manifest social and economic achievements that constantly promote and reinforce the social solidarity.这种骄傲基于一系列显著的社会、经济成就，这些成就不断促进和强化社会团结。（2008 The Guardian）3. A young black man would anchor the primetime news this summer.今年夏天一位年轻的黑人将主持黄金时段的新闻报道。（2006 International Herald Tribune）angle英汉双解n.C (两条线或两个平面相交的)夹角，角度 at+ a position from which you look at sth; a way of presenting or considering a problem or situation 角度;视角,立场 from+ 近viewpoint, standpoint, perspectivev. T,I to move or place sth so that it is not straight or not directly facing sb/sth 斜移，斜置近tilt T to present information, a report, etc. from a particular point of view or for a particular audience（从某一特定角度、针对某一特定人群）提供信息，报道近aim I to catch fish with a line and a hook钓鱼，垂钓 近go angling I to try to get sth by making suggestions and remarks instead of asking directly(以暗示等方法)猎取，谋求+for 近fish for词义串联 n. 角，角度（抽象）角度，观点v.（按某一角度移动）斜移，斜置（引申为）从某一特定角度提供信息或报道；钓鱼（用钩子钓）（引申为）拐弯抹角地谋求，猎取词汇扩充 rectangle rect=right“直的”，内角为直角 n. 长方形 triangle tri=three n. 三角形 angled a. 有角度的；成一定角度放置的；以迎合某种观点而提出的 angler n. 垂钓者 真题例句 1. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles. 对雄心的攻击非常之多，且出自各种不同的角度。(2000阅读Text 5) 外刊例句1. Rays from the sun arrive at a steep angle, bringing a high degree of ultraviolet radiation. 太阳的光线直射下来，造成很高强度的紫外线辐射。（2005 USA Today）2. He tried it again, this time with the edge of the implement angled more toward the carpet.他又试了一次，这次将工具的边缘往地毯的方向进一步斜移。（2005 Businessweek）3. The scholar pointed many an angry word at Booker T. Washington, believing his philosophy angled toward keeping blacks in rural jobs
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